Basic Food Research Articles

Development of Food Products Export from the Regions of the Far Eastern Federal District as Part of the Implementation of the Principles of Food Security

The article presents the rationale for solving certain issues of developing food exports from the Far Eastern Federal District regions in the context of ensuring food security in Russia. Based on the analysis of current scientifi c, methodological and analytical literature, as well as statistical and regulatory information, the paper examines the concepts of agricultural exports and food security in relation to the development of agriculture and rural areas in the Far East. The article outlines the need to change the entire range of indicators of self-sufficiency in agricultural products to solve food security problems in Russia at the systemic level. It is noted that import ahead and self-sufficiency of the Far Eastern Federal District regions in basic food products are of significant importance. The paper also substantiates the proposal to take into account as an indicator of the population’s need for food products, based on the standard diet based on the necessary human consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and drinking water based on the principles of regular, suffi cient and balanced nutrition. The paper analyzes measures to support the agro-industrial complex and agricultural exports in terms of developing preferential regimes in the Far Eastern Federal District, in particular, creating international territories of advanced development (TOR). The article presents a number of recommendations for the transformation of the food security system in relation to the development of export sectors of the agroindustrial complex and food industry in the Far Eastern Federal District. In particular, the ideological principles of the existence and development of international priority development areas in the Far Eastern Federal District are substantiated, based on the priority of supporting enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and food industry that use technologies for deep processing of raw materials and production of high-processed food products for export to friendly countries of the world.

Mendukung Ekonomi Biru melalui Adopsi Pemasaran Digital bagi UMKM di Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Kota Surabaya

The coastal areas of Surabaya City are filled with residents who work as fishermen. “Husband goes to sea, wife processes the sea catch” is a daily activity. However, depending on the sea catch is insufficient to support daily needs. Therefore, many residents trade in basic necessities or food made from sea catches. However, this step is not matched by the breadth of marketing because the marketing carried out is still limited and conventional among local residents. On the other hand, the Surabaya City Government encourages MSMEs in Surabaya City to utilize technology as much as possible through an e-commerce application called E-PEKEN. Respondents in the study were MSME players in the coastal area of Surabaya City who had sold using the E-peken application, totaling 360 people. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire distributed online (Google Forms) and offline. The analysis technique in this study uses Covariance- Structural Equation Modeling (CB SEM) with the analytical tool used, namely IBM SPSS AMOS version 24.0. Based on the analysis and discussion results, the research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social support, and facilitating conditions with the behavioral intention of MSME players in Surabaya City to adopt the E-Peken application. In addition, behavioral intention is proven to affect the use behavior of MSME players in coastal Surabaya City to adopt the E-Peken application.

Evaluation of nutrition of young children in Odesa district

Background. The main factor that ensures the health and harmonious development of a child, both in the early stages and in the later periods of his life, is rational nutrition. The widespread prevalence of food-dependent forms of pathology among children, insufficient awareness of doctors and parents, as well as violations in the organization of nutrition of young children determine the relevance of this work and the need for a comprehensive analysis of the actual nutrition of children aged 1 to 2 years for its improvement. Purpose – to purpose of the work is to establish the nutritional characteristics of children aged from 1 to 2 years in order to optimize their diets. Materials and Methods. 42 healthy children aged 1 to 2 years who lived in Odesa district took part in the study. In work were used such methods: clinical and anamnestic; dietary; anthropometric – height, weight; sociological – questionnaires; statistical. Results. The patterns of food organization and consumption of the main macronutrients by children aged 1 to 2 years are formulated, which are characterized by adequate consumption of basic food products, with the exception of excessive consumption of cheese, fruit juices and hard cheese and insufficient use of enriched industrial products. It is shown that excessive amounts of food, inadequate nutrition in the form of multiple snacks and sometimes night feedings, as well as unreasonable use of products not intended for children aged 1 to 2 years, are significant violations of the organization of nutrition of children of this age group. It was established that the diets of children aged 1 to 2 years are unbalanced in terms of the content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Identified violations of the nutrition structure of young children, its imbalance in terms of macronutrient composition dictate the need for regular control by pediatricians and family doctors over the organization of nutrition for children of this age period. Conclusions. The nutrition structure of children aged 1 to 2 years is characterized by an imbalance of rations in terms of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which is due to violations of the feeding regime, overeating, and early transition to the «family» food-table. Young children consume excessive amounts of protein and fat compared to recommended physiological norms and insufficient amounts of carbohydrates according to their age.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Women in Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among women in Skardu, Gligit-Baltistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Skardu, Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to May 2022. Methodology: A total of 202 women were selected through consecutive sampling from General Medical OPD of Combined Military Hospital, Skardu, Pakistan. Hemoglobin globin levels (Hb gram/deciliter), mean corpuscular volume (MCV fL) and red cell distribution width (RDW%) were determined for all enrolled patients. Results: Mean age of participants in this study was 34.46±10.93 years. Reduced Hb was observed in 62(30.69%) women with a mean hemoglobin level of 9.48±1.59 gl/deciliter and mean corpuscular volume of 79.97±10.7d fL. Among these women, 5(2.47%) were severely anemic (6.56±0.39 gl/deciliter), 28(13.86%) moderately anemic (8.51±0.83 gl/deciliter) while 29(14.35%) were mildly anemic (10.92±0.48 gl/deciliter). Women of younger age group, between18-35 years, were found to suffer more from iron deficiency anemia (39.14%) with mean hemoglobin levels of 11.31±1.80 and mean corpuscular volume of 79.34±10.86 fL. Conclusion: Iron Deficiency Anemia is present in female population of Gilgit-Baltistan in general and woman of childbearing age in particular. Emergency measures for awareness and fortification of basic food items with iron should be undertaken at large scale.

Conceptual Model on Access to Food in the Favela Food Environment.

The inequalities of Brazilian society are amplified in favelas, affecting access to basic sanitation, health, education services, and food. More research is needed to better understand the favela food environment and propose appropriate public food and nutrition policies to increase the availability of and access to healthy food. In this context, this study aimed to develop a conceptual model of the relationship between access to food and the favela food environment and its determinants. In developing the conceptual model, this study undertook a bibliographical survey of the food environment, and a preliminary version was submitted to an expert panel. The model represents a set of dimensions (individual, micro-environment, macro-environment, and decision-making) and elements that interact in a complex manner and help understand access to food in areas subject to multiple social vulnerabilities. This model can guide future research and aid policymakers in designing effective strategies to improve the food security and health of populations in areas of high socio-spatial vulnerability.

Penguatan Solidaritas dan Ketahanan Pangan: Bakti Sosial untuk Masyarakat Desa Tlogosari, Kecamatan Donomulyo Kabupaten Malang

The social service activity held in Tlogosari Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency, on September 17, 2024, aims to strengthen social solidarity and food security among the local community. The program was organized by lecturers of the Institute of Science and Health Technology dr. Soepraoen Hospital Malang in collaboration with the Kartika Husada Clinic Donomulyo. The focus of the activity was to provide basic food assistance to underprivileged communities and orphans at the “Nasional Ayu” Orphanage, as well as moral support to them. In addition to providing material assistance, the lecturers also interacted directly with the community, providing motivation and support to the orphans to continue pursuing their education. This activity not only aims to ease the economic burden of the community, but also strengthens the relationship between educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and local communities. Good collaboration between academics, health workers, and the community shows a positive impact on the community's welfare through increased awareness of the importance of mutual cooperation and social care.

Waste management training intervention on knowledge and attitude of integrated health service cadres and housewives in West Kalimantan

Background: Healthy village is an innovative concept prioritizing health and well-being in community development, encompassing basic health services, sanitation, clean water, environmental cleanliness, public health, food safety, and community empowerment. Purpose: To analyze the impact of Waste management training provided to integrated health service cadres and housewives. Method: A quantitative quasi-experiment study, participants were selected using purposive sampling and the Slovin formula, resulting in 82 participants from Sungai Asam village. Univariate statistical analysis was conducted, including a paired t-test to assess changes within groups and an independent t-test for between-group comparisons. Results: Support for waste management was influenced by the knowledge and attitudes of both cadres and housewives. In the cadre group, knowledge increased from an average of 15.780 in the pre-test to 18.439. For the housewives group, knowledge rose from an average of 14.561 in the pre-test to 15.634. Attitudes in the cadre group improved from 50.122 in the pre-test to 62.609, while in the housewives group, attitudes increased from 42.170 to 47.365. Conclusion: Waste management training significantly enhanced knowledge and attitudes in both groups, with a more substantial improvement observed among cadres. The study effectively demonstrated the impact of Waste management training on fostering a healthier village environment.

Effects of Food Insecurity on Health Conditions among Women and Children of Orang Asli Kintak in Pengkalan Hulu, Perak, Malaysia

Growing evidences have shown high overlap between food, well-being and forest conservation. Such circumstances are being faced by indigenous communities, in Peninsular Malaysia that are becoming more vulnerable due to health problems related to malnutrition. In this paper, we address effects of food insecurity and health conditions among Orang Kintak mothers and children in Pengkalan Hulu. A total of 35 mothers and 63 children were sampled using quantitative approach. Using (WHO) reference standards, main finding for BMI classification of women shows (20%) underweight, (60%) normal weight and (20%) obesity. Meanwhile, (86%) children were under weight and only (14%) are of normal weight. Understanding the health problems faced by Orang Kintak following unbalanced and nutritional diet are crucial in order for local authorities and communities to take critical action, such as to set up a basic food source production program in order to avoid over dependent on purchased food sources. Next, increase the productivity of human capital by encouraging involvement in the economic, education and health sectors. In general, policy-makers need to take into account indigenous knowledge, challenges and beliefs system when making a strategic decision so that it is beneficial and suitable for the planned strategy to be successful.

Implementation of a Health Communication Strategy in the Success of the COVID-19 Vaccine Program in West Jakarta

The research will focus on the West Jakarta Health Service's Communication Strategy for Disseminating the COVID-19 Vaccine. This research is inspired by the concern that the Jakarta COVID-19 vaccination achievement remains below target, particularly for the elderly, at 64.85 percent for the first dose and 58.44 percent for the second dose in October 2021. There are many obstacles such as hoax news and low public knowledge about vaccines. This research focuses on how to examine the Jakarta Health Office's communication strategy in inviting people to implement COVID-19 immunization. This research will expand on health communication concepts and theories by employing Push, Pull, and Pass communication tactics. A variety of doctors, and health professionals were interviewed for this study. The study results show that the push approach is implemented by opening direct vaccine centres, pulling through persuasively, door prizes, basic food packages, cooperation cross-sectors, and passes with public figure testimonials. The job of Dasawisma cadres is critical because they are the ones who directly persuade the people in simple languages like Javanese and Sundanese. The community also trusts the Dasawisma cadres because they are previously acquainted. The City of West Jakarta achieved 98% of the first dosage of the vaccination, and 65% dosage 2nd in December 2022. Keywords: Health communication, vaccine, communication strategies, COVID-19, Dasawisma.

Territories of the «northern delivery»: new approaches to categorization

Ensuring the sustainability of settlements in the Far North regions is achievable only through a comprehensive set of measures for the procurement and delivery of essential goods (primarily food and fuel) from other areas, known as the «Northern Delivery» The current supply system is marked by inefficiencies that create high risks of delivery disruptions. Enhancing this system requires developing and implementing optimal measures to influence the economic relationships within the «Northern Delivery» framework, alongside determining effective legal regulatory methods. A critical step in this process is the establishment of precise and strictly defined territorial boundaries for implementing these measures. At present, there is no legal formalization of spatial limits for the array of managerial, logistic, and socio-economic processes aimed at ensuring uninterrupted deliveries of goods for the «Northern Delivery» underscoring the importance of this research. The aim of this study is to define the criteria and their quantitative parameters to categorize the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas with limited cargo delivery periods. By synthesizing the work of both domestic and international scholars on the zoning of northern territories and assessing their transport accessibility, as well as utilizing cartographic research methods and focus groups, an algorithm for categorizing the settlements of the Far North regions has been developed. The identified selection criteria include transport accessibility, the presence of stable supply logistics chains, the duration of heating period, and the level of provision with basic food products. This categorization resulted in identifying of three groups of territories based on the supply organization mechanism: critical, supporting, and basic supply. The proposed categorization can be used to determine the spatial limits for legal regulation of the «Northern Delivery» and to develop a specific set of measures to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of essential goods.

PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF MILLET (TALKAN) IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

One of the main directions of solving the problem of rational nutrition of our nation is to expand the range of basic food products, including national ones, and increase their biological viability. An analysis of literary sources shows that there are still many methods to improve the consumer properties of talkan. The selected crops occupy a leading position in this list and are important factors in improving the consumer quality and value of talkan. Properly selected products affect the increase in the nutritional value of talkan and the increase in consumer quality. Therefore, this article presдents the formulation of talkan enriched with cultures, data from the study of chemical values of physics.Grain concentrates (millet, talcum powder, zhent), which have long been known to our country and have extensive experience in their preparation, are the preferred form of fortification with vitamins and minerals, as they are one of the main food products. The products of the Kazakh tablecloth are in daily consumption. The addition of useful additives to these products makes it possible to effectively regulate the biological and nutritional value of human food. In this regard, a promising direction is the development of special food technologies with therapeutic and preventive properties with the addition of functional enriching additives to the Formula.

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Self-Esteem in Adult Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge level and self-esteem in adult women with type 2 diabetes. Material and Method: The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 387 participants. Data were collected in an endocrinology outpatient clinic via face-to-face interviews. The data collection form consisted of a 'Personal Information Form', 'Nutrition Habits Section', 'Nutrition Knowledge Level and Food Preference Scale', 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale'. Number and percentage were used in the SPSS package program. Results that were not normally distributed were evaluated according to non-parametric tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.00±11.35 years and the educational level of 31.2% was primary school. The mean total score of the scales obtained by the participants was average. In the study, no relationship was found between basic nutrition knowledge level and food preference and self-esteem in adult women with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Basic nutrition knowledge and food preferences of women with Type 2 Diabetes were moderate and their self-esteem was adequate. It is important for health professionals to plan individual trainings by determining the nutritional knowledge levels and food preferences of women, and to ensure that diabetes control and self-esteem are increased in the effective management of diabetes and in the promotion of women's health.

The Nazi regime in Lithuania: recovery of agricultural obligations imposed

The purpose of this study is to investigate methods and means of recovery of imposed agricultural obligations. The aim of this paper is to analyse the methods and means for recovery of imposed agricultural obligations in Lithuania, occupied by military forces of Nazi Germany. To achieve the aim, the following objectives have been set: 1) to discuss adaptation of production of agricultural products to meet needs of the war in Lithuania under the Nazi regime; 2) to analyse the methods and means used by occupational Nazi authorities for recovery of agricultural obligations imposed on farmers of Lithuania; 3) to discuss other obligations imposed (other than delivery of agricultural products) on Lithuanian farmers, analyse methods and means for their recovery; 4) submit the exhaustive and reliable statistics on recovery of imposed obligations related to delivery of agricultural products. The topic chosen is a relevant and new one, as this problem has not been presented exhaustively in Lithuanian historiography. First of all, we lack a generalized analysis on the entire Lithuania scale, analysis which must be more detailed, based on archive or reliable statistical data related to practical application of the mechanism of recovery of agricultural obligations (primarily aiming at agricultural products) imposed. This article aims at filling these and other gaps in relevant historiography. During the research the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. In the case of Germany victory in the war, the territories of all Baltic states, including Lithuania, were to be included into the Nazi Reich. During the wartime, the economy of these countries had to serve demands of the Vermacht and meet other Reich needs, irrespective of the interests of the local people and local economies. It had not been planned to create a considerable consumer goods industry. These countries had to be cheap labour sources and base for provision of raw materials, as well as a market for realization of German industry products.2. The essence of the Nazi agricultural policy in the occupied Lithuania meant a unilateral demand to increase production of basic food products and raw materials in order to provide the German troops as well as local residents and Germans in Germany with food products. The Nazi imposed on farmers various obligations related to agricultural products and various equipment (mobilization of horses with carts and harnesses, obligations of manual work and transport, etc.)3. Civil occupational Nazi authorities adapted Lithuanian municipal system to meet their agricultural needs during the wartime. The occupational authorities through threatening the officers of Lithuanian municipal system with penalties and negative consequences related to agriculture and farmers, using the help of Lithuanian officers, managed to recover a huge amount of agriculture products from this country agriculture sector. Whereas Lithuanian municipal officers of higher rank were forced to apply constantly the psychological pressure or even coercion on their own subordinates and colleagues of lower rank.4. In order to recover agricultural obligations fulfilment, the occupants applied both repressive and promoting measures. Among repressive ones, farmer removal from his/her farm should be mentioned as well as requisition of agricultural products, cash penalties, farmers suing with the German Special Court, forcible confining in detention facilities, forced-labour camps or even killing by firing squad. Especially famous for farmers killing by firing squad was H. Wulff, the commissar of Vilnius county district. By killing the farmers, the occupants sought to intimidate the villagers so that they would better fulfil the obligations imposed.5. To perform recovery of fulfilment of imposed agricultural obligations, the following promoting measures used to be applied: issue of ownership documents, granting the possibility of acquisition of industrial goods, etc.6. The Nazi failed to convert Lithuanian farmers into obedient executors of alien will. Due to harsh conditions of the wartime and sabotage of Lithuanian farmers in order to protect their farms from the complete deterioration, occupational government of the Nazi each economic year failed to collect from Lithuanian villages planned agricultural products contingencies irrespective of requisition of the large part of agricultural production of this country.

Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi dan Penerapan SAK EMKM terhadap Keberhasilan UMKM

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Accounting Information System and the Implementation of SAK EMKM on the Success of MSMEs in East Alok District. This research uses a quantitative approach with the nature of explanatory research. The sampling technique used saturated samples with a sample size of 30 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire distributed to 30 respondents and the data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. From the research results it was found that the variables Accounting Information System (X1) and Implementation of SAK EMKM (X2) influences the success of MSMEs (Y) with positive parameters, which means that the better or higher the level of implementation of the Accounting Information System and EMKM SAK, the higher the level of success of MSMEs. The influence of the Accounting Information System (X1) and the Implementation of SAK EMKM (X2) is 72.9% on the Success of MSMEs (Y) of the Basic Food Kiosk Business in East Alok District, while 27.1% is influenced by other factors outside the research variables.

Diet Adequacy and Food Cost of Food-secure and Insecure Households: Evidence from the 2018 ENNS

Access to a nutritious diet is a challenge that often strains many households with limited resources, thus making food choices that are short of recommended intakes. The study compared the one-day food consumption of households in the Philippines in terms of cost and nutritional adequacy by food security status. It also used the food threshold as a reference value for meeting the minimum cost required to meet basic food needs and satisfy energy and nutrient requirements. Secondary data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey done by the Department of Science and Technology–Food and Nutrition Research Institute was used in the analysis. Food-insecure households have significantly higher intakes of energy-giving foods such as rice and other cereals and significantly lower intakes of body-building food such as fish, meat, and poultry than food-secure households. Less than half (45.0%) of the households have food costs equal to or higher than the food threshold. Households whose food cost was equal to or higher than the food threshold were 2.86 times more likely to meet their energy adequacy than those who had lower than threshold food costs. Similarly, households who met the food threshold were 4.61 times more likely to meet their protein, 2.11 times more likely to meet their vitamin A, and 1.87 times more likely to meet their iron adequacies, holding other variables constant. The study highlights the importance of economic access to food, especially among food-insecure households. This could be through making food more affordable and reducing physical barriers to food to be more accessible to poor communities or providing livelihood opportunities to increase their means to acquire food.

Food Calories Generator through Deep Learning

Identifying food and calculating calories are key components of encouraging good eating habits and controlling dietary intake. These days, it's easier to create smart systems that can recognize food items from images or videos and calculate their calorie content using artificial intelligence, computer vision, and machine learning. This study gives an overview of the latest methods and tools for calorie counting and food identification. It looks at the challenges of accurately identifying different foods, including complex dishes and foods from various cuisines, and addresses the variables taken into account when determining the calorie content of food items, including ingredient composition, portion size, and nutritional makeup. To enhance user experience and enable comprehensive calorie tracking, it explores real-time processing capabilities, user-friendly interfaces, and integration with other health and fitness platforms. Additionally, it provides a list of potential recipes. The interface developed in the proposed system is currently trained to identify and provide the calories of 100 food items, including basic food items, fruits, vegetables, and processed foods. The research work uses a real-time dataset for training and employs software such as YOLOv8, and TensorFlow for practical implementation.

The Use of E-CRM as a Means of Selling Groceries

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a type of management regarding the management of a company with its customers to improve relationships with customers to maximize company growth. To implement Electronic-Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM), the role of information technology and human resources of the company is needed. E-CRM can make it easier for customers to get the necessary information from the company. Wholesale Berkat Doa is one of the basic food distributors that sells various kinds of basic necessities such as rice, oil and sugar which are the most demanded needs. To see these basic food products, customers must come directly to the store because there is no intermediary media to convey and provide product information to customers. The purpose of this research is to create an E-CRM system so that sales at Wholesale Blessing Doa can be done online. By implementing the E-CRM system, it can help Wholesir Berkat Doa to market and sell basic food products to customers. Customers know product information in detail and with CRM features namely members, discounts, promos, live chat, points, vouchers and reviews can maintain relationships with new and old customers which makes loyal customers to keep shopping at Wholesale Berkat Doa

Biochemical value of table grape varieties when grown in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

The study of the possibilities of using the existing biodiversity of table grape varieties to meet the usefulness of the human diet is a key component of improving the existing cultivation of fruit products within the framework of modern agricultural development strategies. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibilities of meeting the needs of the population for valuable nutritional elements based on traditional table grape varieties, which are mainly introduced in the region at the level of small farms and household plots. Five table grape varieties – Arcadia, Nadezhda AZOS, Preobrazhenie, Rumeyka, Dubovsky pink – were investigated for the content of calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, glucose, dietary fibre, vitamins A, C, E, PP, and the dependence on the factors of the year and variety, their interaction, and the classifying ability of features in the space of canonical functions were calculated. The presence of minerals was analysed by atomic emission spectrometry, glucose – by sugar meter, dietary fibre – by enzymatic gravimetric method, vitamins – by fluorometric method, and vitamin C – by titrometric analysis. The possibilities of traditional table grape varieties in meeting the needs for basic valuable food elements are shown and a conclusion is made about the possibilities of selecting appropriate forms, which in the complex are quite capable of meeting modern requirements in this aspect of agricultural development. A predominantly low variability of the studied traits was revealed, which indicates the good reproducibility of the obtained result and the predominant influence of the genotype on the development of the corresponding trait in conditions of contrasting environmental characteristics of years. It was found that improvement in only one of the signs – the content of vitamin PP – is problematic. The low differentiating ability of varieties of the Dubovsky pink, Preobrazhenie, and Rumeyka group leads to the need for further clarification of the ability of only the first of the varieties to be a component in the proposed complex. It is recommended to grow a complex of varieties Nadezhda AZOS and Dubovsky pink

Современные проблемы обеспечения продовольственной безопасности

The article examines the problems of food security and the sequence of their identification, by reviewing the main indicators of food security, analyzing some of them, forecasting for the period 2023-2025. Such an indicator as the consumer price index for basic food products, and also suggests ways to solve the problems of food supply. During the implementation of theoretical studies, the assumption was confirmed that the main solution to the problem of food security for the country's population is to stimulate the agro-industrial sector to increase production volumes with the active use of import substitution.

Early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among post-natal mothers in selected healthcare sectors, Rohtas, Bihar

Background: Breastfeeding is the best natural feeding and breast milk is the best milk. The basic food of an infant is the mother’s milk. The study aimed to determine the estimated time of breastfeeding initiation among normal delivery mothers, identify the contribution factor for delayed initiation of breastfeeding among normal delivery mothers, and to find out the association between the selected demographic variables and initiation timing of breastfeeding. Methods: The present study constituted a cross-sectional research design, involving 100 postnatal mothers from selected healthcare centers. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants, and a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. The data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. Subsequently, inferential statistics, such as chi-square, were applied to determine the objective and hypothesis of the study. Results: In the research, it was found that 56% of mothers-initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after giving birth. Furthermore, 30% of mothers-initiated breastfeeding between 1 and 24 hours, and 14% initiated breastfeeding 24 hours after giving birth. The study also revealed a categorical association (as determined via chi-square test, p value <0.005) between the timing of breastfeeding and certain socio-demographic factors, such as the occupational status of mothers (χ2=11.65, p value <0.005), their educational level (χ2=17.7, p value <0.005), and the family’s monthly income (χ2=13.7, p value <0.005). Conclusions: Adopting breastfeeding-friendly policies at scale and utilizing monitoring data to increase accountability and improve service delivery can significantly reduce delayed breastfeeding initiation.