Basic Exercise Research Articles

Effectiveness of Internet + E-Coach chronic disease management on blood glucose, lipid levels, liver function, and quality of life in patients with chronic diabetic retinopathy: a comparative study

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of Internet + E-Coach chronic disease system intervention on fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT) and quality of life in patients with chronic diabetic retinopathy.Methods208 patients with chronic diabetic retinopathy who were treated in the hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 are chosen and separated into two groups by random number Table 104 patients in the control group received routine continuous intervention, and the research group received Internet + E-Coach chronic disease system intervention. The cognition of disease related knowledge, blood related indicators inflammatory factor levels and improvement of life quality between the two groups before intervention, 6 and 12 months after intervention were compared.ResultsBefore the intervention, the comparison between the two groups in disease related knowledge scores, blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function indicators, inflammatory factor, and low vision quality of life scale (CLVQOL) scores was with P > 0.05. After 6 and 12 months of intervention, the research group had significantly higher scores for basic blood glucose intervention, healthy diet, reasonable exercise, and correct medication use compared to the control group (P < 0.05). FPG, 2hPG, TG and ALT in the research group were lower than those in the control group. FINS were higher in the control group, with P < 0.05. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) in the research group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The scores of far vision, movement and light perception, adjustment ability, reading and fine work, and daily living ability in the research group were higher than those in the control group, with P < 0.05.ConclusionThe intervention of Internet + E-Coach chronic disease system can improve the knowledge of chronic diabetic retinopathy patients about their own condition, stabilize the levels of blood sugar, blood lipid and liver function indicators, reduce the inflammatory reaction of the body, and improve the quality of life.

A 3 month nutrition and exercise program improved hallux strength among senior daycare center users in Korea: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

With a growing aging population, the focus on the health and well-being of older adults, especially in preventing falls, becomes crucial. This 3 month study, initiated in July 2022, aimed to assess the impact of a nutrition and exercise program in senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea. A 3 month study, beginning in July 2022, included 204 older adults from 10 senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea. Randomly assigned to intervention or control groups, the intervention involved nutrition, daily toe exercises, or both. Control centers received interventions post-measurements. Pre- and post-intervention analyses used paired t-tests and multiple linear regression, assessing metrics like toe grip strength for significance. While 204 were initially enrolled, the analysis included 151 participants due to dropouts. Participants, with a mean age of 83.3 years (43.1% aged ≥ 85 years), exhibited mild to moderate cognitive impairment and multiple chronic illnesses. Health data indicated that 37.3% were obese, and the average BMI was 24.0 kg/m2. Both the intervention and control groups showed significant improvements in toe grip strength post-intervention. Specifically, the exercise-only and combined exercise-nutrition groups demonstrated significant differences in hallux strength compared to the control group after adjusting for age and gender. The study showed that a basic nutrition and exercise program increased toe strength in older adults with chronic diseases, including mild cognitive impairments. This intervention holds potential to prevent muscle strength decline and reduce fall risks in older individuals. As the first of its kind in Korean senior daycare centers, it emphasizes the need for future research and standardized programs for senior daycare users.

한국과 일본 유아의 기본적 생활 자립능력 및 운동 습관에 대한 차이

한국과 일본 유아의 기본적 생활 자립능력 및 운동 습관에 대한 차이

Swimming exercise support respiratory functions of children with mild intellectual disabilities: controlled study

Children with mild intellectual disabilities have lower lung function than typically developing peers. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of an 18-week medium-intensity swimming exercise on lung parameters of children with mild intellectual disabilities. In the study, participants were divided into experimental (n:8) and control group (n:8). An 18-week basic swimming exercise (60 min/3 days/18 weeks) was performed in the experimental group, while no practice was performed in the control group. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Tiffeneau Index (FEV1/FVC ratio), Vital Capacity (VC) and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) parameters of the participants were measured. Pre-test and post-test comparisons of experimental and control groups were made with the Mann Whitney U-Test. In addition, analysis of lung values of experimental and control groups before and after exercise was performed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. We also calculated the effect size (ES) results of the interactions between the variables, using partial eta squared and Cohen’s d. Statistically there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of VC parameter in experimental group. Examining the effect sizes, experimental had a higher impact level in FEV1/FVC, VC, MVV (.571medium/0.647medium/.490small). The results indicate that the Swimming is more effective in FEV1/FVC, MVV and VC. In order to understand the effectiveness of swimming exercise on lung function, studies which include time and training models (duration, severity, intensity) should be conducted in the future.

Towards Automating Personal Exercise Assessment and Guidance with Affordable Mobile Technology.

Physical activity (PA) offers many benefits for human health. However, beginners often feel discouraged when introduced to basic exercise routines. Due to lack of experience and personal guidance, they might abandon efforts or experience musculoskeletal injuries. Additionally, due to phenomena such as pandemics and limited access to supervised exercise spaces, especially for the elderly, the need to develop personalized systems has become apparent. In this work, we develop a monitored physical exercise system that offers real-time guidance and recommendations during exercise, designed to assist users in their home environment. For this purpose, we used posture estimation interfaces that recognize body movement using a computer or smartphone camera. The chosen pose estimation model was BlazePose. Machine learning and signal processing techniques were used to identify the exercise currently being performed. The performances of three machine learning classifiers were evaluated for the exercise recognition task, achieving test-set accuracy between 94.76% and 100%. The research methodology included kinematic analysis (KA) of five selected exercises and statistical studies on performance and range of motion (ROM), which enabled the identification of deviations from the expected exercise execution to support guidance. To this end, data was collected from 57 volunteers, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of exercise performance. By leveraging the capabilities of the BlazePose model, an interactive tool for patients is proposed that could support rehabilitation programs remotely.

Children and exercise.

Exercise is widely understood to improve health outcomes in children and adolescents and to contribute to the prevention and management of many chronic conditions. Australian children are not currently meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines, and these habits are likely to extend into adulthood without intervention. The aim of this paper is to provide generalpractitioners (GPs) with the tools to perform a basic exercise assessment withchildren and adolescents and an understanding of the core principles of exercise prescription for general and special paediatric populations. GPs are limited by time often precluding the assessment of exercise levels in children and adolescents unless it is immediately relevant to their presentation. This article discusses simple methods of assessing physical activity, the importance of appropriately prescribed exercise and its benefits for physical, psychological and social health and wellbeing.

(P)rehabilitation in advanced chronic liver disease (advCLD): From basic exercise concepts to implementation challenges.

(P)rehabilitation in advanced chronic liver disease (advCLD): From basic exercise concepts to implementation challenges.

누리과정 교사용 지도서 내용 분석: 신체활동과 영양교육을 중심으로

This study aimed to examine the content categories related to physical activity and nutrition education by area and analyze how much related activities are included in the early Nuri course at the national level related to physical health of young children, focusing on the Nuri course commentary by age and the teacher's guide. In order to analyze the contents and activities related to physical health in the Nuri course, the subjects of the study were the Nuri course commentary and the Nuri course teacher's guide distributed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2013, and the frequency was calculated. As a result of the study, content related to physical activity was included in the physical exercise/health area and the art experience area, and the content categories directly related to physical activity and exercise were ‘body recognition’, ‘body control and basic exercise’, and ‘body control’. ‘Participating in activities’ and ‘Expressing through movement and dance’ among ‘Artistic expression’ in the field of art experience. In addition, the contents of nutrition education were covered in the physical exercise and health area, and it was related to ‘healthy living’ content category. Second, there were a total of 101 activities dealing with physical activity in the 5-year-old Nuri course, 147 activities in the 4-year-old and 120 activities in the 3-year-old, and the most physical activity-related activities were covered in the 4-year-old course. As for nutrition education activities, 24 activities were presented for 3 years old, 29 for 4 years old, and 22 activities for 5 years old. This study is significant in that it provided basic data on what parts are lacking and need to be improved to improve the physical health of young children when revising the national level curriculum for young children.

The Effectiveness of Basic Physical Training Training in DKI Jakarta Sports Coaches

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of basic physical exercise training for DKI Jakarta sports coaches. The research was conducted in May 2023. This data collection was carried out at the Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Jakarta by using stationery to fill out a questionnaire. The research method used is descriptive method with survey technique. This research instrument is a closed questionnaire and is distributed to the entire sample. The number of samples was 40 coaches who were the population of DKI Jakarta sports coaches. Based on the results of the research analysis, there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values in the overall research sample data with a significant value of pretest and posttest of 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) so it can be concluded that there is an increase in the trainer's knowledge after attending basic physical training.

Effect of 6-week karate (kihon) and basic movement exercise on balance performance in visually impaired individuals.

Today, the participation of visually impaired individuals in sports activities is essential. Because the ability to move independently starts to develop with a delay in visually impaired individuals, physical activity is necessary to compensate for developmental delay, eliminate the problem of independent movement in social life by reducing obstacle perception problems, develop self-confidence, and provide regular muscle activation and motivation to move. The study investigated the effect of 6weeks of karate (kihon) and basic movement training on balance performance in individuals with congenital visual impairment. Fifteen visually impaired individuals aged between 10 and 14 participated in the study, and three groups were formed: experiment 1, experiment 2, and the control group. After the pre-tests were taken, the experimental groups received karate and basic movement training in addition to physical education classes for 6weeks, while the control group received only physical education classes. When the study results were examined, there were highly significant differences between the pre- and post-test values of the groups receiving karate and basic movement training. At the same time, no progress was observed in the control group. In the post-test comparison of the karate and control groups, positive significance was found in the values of the karate group. In the same way, in the post-test comparison of the basic movement training group and the control group, positive progress was made in the basic movement training group. The post-test comparison of the basic movement training and karate groups was the same. As a result, it was concluded that basic movement training and karate exercises applied for 6weeks positively affected the balance development in visually impaired individuals aged 10-14years. No difference was found between the exercise protocols regarding effectiveness, and no improvement was observed in individuals who did not participate in any exercise.

Effect of Basic Water Confidence, Flexibility, and Technique on Freestyle Swimming Skill among Elementary School Pupils

The purpose of this study to examines the effect of differences between intervention programs using basic water confidence, flexibility, and freestyle swimming techniques on freestyle swimming skills. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. There were three groups in this study, namely two experimental groups and one control group. The number of participants in the three groups was 90 people where they were carried out pre-test and post-test on freestyle swimming skills. The data analysis used is inferential testing, Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA), Assumption of Homogeneity of Variance, Data Normality Test and Statistical Assumption Test (T-test paired samples). Results. From the pre-test and post-test scores, ANCOVA results show that the effect of basic water confidence, flexibility, and freestyle swimming technique is significant on freestyle swimming skills at a good level. Next, a paired sample t-test was conducted, the results of the flexibility exercise with the highest score, while the group with the basic water confidence exercise got a pretty good score, although not as high as the score achieved by the group that did the flexibility exercise. While the scores with practice with freestyle swimming techniques did not show a significant effect on freestyle swimming skills. Conclusions. Thus, the findings prove that training with water-based confidence and flexibility has been shown to improve freestyle swimming skills in elementary school students. However, when this form of exercise must be applied in the appropriate order, starting with flexibility exercises, basic water confidence, and freestyle swimming technique to achieve freestyle swimming skills in elementary school students. Keywords: Basic Water Confidence, Flexibility, Freestyle Swimming Technique, Freestyle Swimming Skill, Elementary School

Electromyographic Activities of Pectoralis Major and Triceps Brachii Muscles During Push-Up Exercises On Different Surfaces

The push-up is a basic exercise commonly used in strength training. This exercise can be performed on different surfaces. The purpose of this study is to compare the muscle activation of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles during push-up exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces. Nineteen males participated in this study. Bosu ball and ring apparatus were used as unstable surfaces and the floor was used as a stable surface. Subjects performed 5 repetitions of PU on the different surfaces. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the muscle activities between the surfaces. Muscle activation of PM was significantly greater in the ring than on the floor and the Bosu ball (p0.05). In conclusion, using the ring apparatus as an unstable surface increase the PM muscle activation in PU exercise. Muscle activation of TB was not influenced by surface stability in PU.

Training model of basic football techniques for early age: systematic review

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe the training model of basic football techniques for the early-age group. Materials and Methods. The primary method used in this study was a literature review. A literature review is a research design utilized to gather data sources related to a specific topic to depict the core content based on the retrieved information. As part of the data collection for the literature review, databases were employed to search for relevant literature. The data was aggregated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. This research entailed analyzing journal articles and formulating a summary concerning the research questions and objectives. The journal search and review procedures were executed via the PICOT method. Each question addressed P = problem/population, with this study zeroing in on the pertinent problem. The research analyzed the model of basic soccer technique training segmented by age groups, as represented by the I/E = implementation/intervention/exposure component of PICOT. The subsequent component, C = control/comparative intervention, was not incorporated in this study. Finally, T = time was delimited by narrowing the review to journals published within the last decade. Journal articles evaluated in this study were sourced from both national and international publications via numerous scientific journal platforms. Results. The study determined that the training model for basic football techniques can be categorized by age group, which includes (1) 6–7 years old, (2) 7–8 years old, and (3) 10–11 years old. The training methodology encompasses (1) ball mastery and juggling, (2) dribbling and running with the ball, (3) passing and receiving, (4) heading, (5) throw-ins, and (6) small-sided games. Essential equipment for training includes (a) portable goalposts of varying sizes, (b) a kicking board or rebound goal, (c) a mobile free-kick wall, (d) cones of different dimensions, (e) basic physical exercise equipment, (f) balls of diverse sizes and colors, (g) areas designated for soccer tennis and soccer volleyball drills, (h) a video camera, and (i) a storage section for equipment. Conclusion. Mastering the fundamental techniques of football is paramount in cultivating children's soccer skills. Consequently, the instruction for basic football techniques is sequentially administered based on the unique attributes of each age group. The rudimentary football technique training model, stratified by age, includes (1) ball mastery and juggling, (2) dribbling and running with the ball, (3) passing and receiving, (4) heading, (5) throw-ins, and (6) small-sided games, each tailored according to the learners' requirements and progress. By grasping the traits affiliated with soccer, trainers and educators can proffer suitable training materials during sessions. Solo and small-group exercises, primarily in duos, are vital for refining ball control and facilitating paced learning. Training exercises are often executed in pairs to bolster communication, foster collaboration, and deepen the understanding of soccer tenets.

Effects of left thigh blood flow restriction exercise on muscle strength and golf performance in amateur golfers.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower-extremity strengthening exercise (LSE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on the left thigh on golf performance. Eighteen amateur golfers with more than 1 year of golf experience participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups: LSE+BFR group (LSE with BFR on the left thigh, n=9) and LSE group (LSE without BFR, n=9). The LSEs consisted of squats, lunges, and standing leg curls. All exercises were performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Changes in thigh muscle strength, plantar foot pressure (weight transfer), and golf performance, such as club head speed, ball speed, and carry distance were measured before and after the exercise program. Right knee extension (P<0.001) and left knee extension and flexion (P<0.001) strength were higher in the LSE+BFR group than in the LSE group. The changes in plantar foot pressure confirmed that smooth weight transfer appeared in E1 (event 1) (address) (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group, which confirmed that the carry distance (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group improved after the exercise program. The results of this study showed that BFR muscle strengthening exercise are more effective than basic simple muscle strengthening exercise in improving golf performance through muscle strength and weight transfer improvement.

실내체육관에서 청각장애인의 운동기구 이용에 관한 사용성평가

This study aimed to derive the requirements for access to exercise equipment for the deaf in indoor gymnasiums. Therefore, a usability evaluation was conducted on the use of muscle strength and aerobic exercise equipment installed in a gym in Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, targeting five men and women aged 19 to 65 years. To proceed smoothly with the research, the researcher and sign language interpreter explained and interviewed the people who are deaf on how to use the exercise equipment. The participants performed the task based on a scenario consisting of four stages: entry-exercise-regulation-exit in the exercise equipment. The researcher observed the process of performing each participant's exercise steps, conducted a postmortem analysis of the images and photos, and conducted a one-on-one interview after the participant's exercise equipment was used. The observational survey confirmed that all people who are deaf who participated in the usability evaluation had difficulty checking and understanding basic exercise information, such as how to use exercise equipment, posture, and risks on their own, regardless of their experience using exercise equipment. In addition, differences in proficiency, such as learning how to use and recognizing risks in using equipment, based on exercise experience were observed. In addition, through a one-on-one interview survey, the need to provide information on risk feedback using visual and tactile senses and correct exercises described in sign language rather than text was derived. The results of this study are intended to be used as basic data for future studies on guidelines for the production of exercise equipment that can be used by individuals who are disabled and those who are not.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ON BASIC PHYSICS PRACTICUM

Basic Physics is one of the courses supported by practicum activities to increase students' understanding of the material presented in lectures. So to support the achievement of practical activities, an assessment is required. Where the assessment developed is the Performance Assessment is expected to make lecturers to improve the quality of assessment on the Physics Basic lab. Performance assessment is an assessment done by observing the activities of students in doing something. This assessment is suitable for assessing the competency achievement that requires students to perform certain tasks such as laboratory practice in accordance with the demands of the syllabus. This study aims to develop a Performance Assessment on a valid Physics Basic exercise. This study uses the development of the Plomp model which goes through the following stages: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase, and (3) test and assessment Phase. At the phase prototyping phase is done performance assessment design on the Physics Basic lab. Performance assessment that has been designed and then validated by 2 validators. Validation results obtained 85.17 with valid categories

STUDY OF 3D PRINTING MODEL IN DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION PRECLINIC PRACTICES: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Preclinical learning is a basic exercise to develop skills, based on real cases in the laboratory before taking direct action on patients. However, many students feel stressed, lack confidence, and are not ready to perform dental treatment for patients for the first time. It is necessary to study learning media that are more realistic, and innovative by utilizing technology to bring closer to the real situation of dental treatment patients for students in preclinical. The purpose of this study was to identify the scope of use and benefits of 3D printing in preclinical learning in dental health education or dentistry. The research method is a narrative review using the keywords 3D printing, AND preclinical dental education on Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed search engines. The results of the study found 14 articles that met the criteria. 3D printing models have been used for endodontic preclinical practice, oral surgery, cavity preparation, management of dental trauma, tooth morphology, assessment of developmental instruments, and combined use with Virtual Reality. The benefits of 3D printing are that it can improve practical learning outcomes, the media is more realistic, and relevant for practice, increases self-confidence, reduces stress and students feel better prepared to care for patients. In conclusion, the use of 3D printing in preclinical practice includes complex dental practice simulations and the development of preclinical practice evaluation instruments that have been combined with other technologies. 3D printing is useful for improving practical learning outcomes, more realistic and relevant as a practicing medium, increasing self-confidence, reducing stress, and increasing students' readiness to perform dental treatment on patients.

MP79-16 ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT ON BODY COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND THE CORRELATION WITH HYPOGONADAL SYMPTOMS IN THE TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP79-16 ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT ON BODY COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND THE CORRELATION WITH HYPOGONADAL SYMPTOMS IN THE TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY Tae Yong Park, Dong Su Kim, Jeong Kyun Yeo, and Min Gu Park Tae Yong ParkTae Yong Park More articles by this author , Dong Su KimDong Su Kim More articles by this author , Jeong Kyun YeoJeong Kyun Yeo More articles by this author , and Min Gu ParkMin Gu Park More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003356.16AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) change body composition and physical fitness, and which those changes correlate with serum testosterone level and hypogonadal symptoms. METHODS: Seventy patients with testosterone deficiency (TD) were divided into group I (n: 23) and group II (n :47). Only group II was given testosterone enanthate intramuscularly for 6 months. Both groups were investigated following items at the beginning and end of the study: Baseline demographics and serologic test; questionnaires of aging male symptom (AMS) scale and international prostate symptom score (IPSS); BMI, waist circumference, body composition; and physical fitness. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Seven types of basic exercise tests were used to measure physical fitness. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in baseline measurements between the two groups before treatment. After 6 months, group I showed no significant change in all measurements. Group II showed significant improvement in IPSS and AMS scales. Hematocrit, and prostate specific antigen slightly increased, while total cholesterol significantly decreased after treatment. As to body composition parameters, TRT significantly decreased body fat mass, visceral fat mass and waist circumference. Skeletal muscle mass was significantly increased by TRT although upper body muscle appeared to be more responsive. Most parameters of physical fitness resulted in improvement except for flexibility and endurance. The decrease of waist circumference was significantly correlated with serum testosterone level changes. AMS scale improvement was correlated with the changes of IPSS, cardiorespiratory fitness and agility. CONCLUSIONS: TRT improved hypogonadal and lower urinary tract symptoms. TRT also resulted in overall improvement in metabolic syndrome components, body composition and physical fitness. Testosterone increment and hypogonadal symptom improvement are correlated with waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility, respectively. Combined adjunctive exercise program that improve those parameters, might maximize the effect of TRT. Source of Funding: No conflict of interests © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e1147 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tae Yong Park More articles by this author Dong Su Kim More articles by this author Jeong Kyun Yeo More articles by this author Min Gu Park More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Effect of physical therapy on the isokinetic performance of knee flexors and extensors and functional balance in older adults with Parkinson's disease, according to severity

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of a physical therapy intervention on the muscle strength and power of the knee flexors and extensors and functional balance in older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD), according to its clinical severity. MethodsForty older adults diagnosed with PD were evaluated before and after 48-week of a basic exercise program (two 20-min sessions a week) to improve functional balance and quadriceps strength. The variables analyzed were: motor aspects of PD, assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); functional mobility; peak torque (PT) and mean power (MP) at the knee flexors and extensors, evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (CYBEX®) on both legs at 60°/s (PT) and 240°/s (P); Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; and Tinetti Index. The participants were divided into three groups (GI, GII, GIII) according to their stage (I–III) of PD on the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale. ResultsMuscle strength and power were greater in GI (PT: 131.14 N/kg ±61.73; P: 102.29 W/kg ±39.16) than in GII and GIII (PT: 82 N/kg ±38.27 and 89.29 N/kg ±68.78; p = 0.047; P: 56.17 W/kg ±31.99 and 68.14 W/kg ±58.18; p = 0.009). In addition, an improvement in functional balance was shown by higher indices after the intervention (p < 0.05). ConclusionThese findings suggest that training to increase leg strength in the early stages of PD (GI) may benefit this population and this will help in the design of interventions to improve the functional abilities of older adults with PD.

MEMENANGI PERSAINGAN PPDB DENGAN MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SEKOLAH DAN MEMANFAATKAN MEDIA SOSIAL

Admission of New Students (PPDB) in primary and secondary education units continues to experience dynamics. Contestation among schools, especially non-favorites, in getting new students is often colored by gratification. In order to apply to the school, the school provides a stimulus by providing uniforms, shoes, bags, stationery and so on. This mode is the most basic gratification exercise. In fact, Permendikbud No. 1 of 2021 concerning the Admission of New Students (PPDB) Chapter II concerning Procedures for Accepting New Students Article 2 paragraph (1) states, PPDB is implemented objectively, transparently, and accountably. Education units have many options in marketing education, avoiding a variety of commendable action options. The best option is to improve the quality of educational services starting from the management of marketing services. The quality of RATER services (reliability, assurance, tangible, empathy, and responsiveness) is expected to be a solution to the increasingly tough competition in PPDB, especially when the world community enters the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Among educational marketing management, social media-based educational marketing is the hottest option. Because, social media today is increasingly dominant to be a part of the lives of all generations, from the older, middle generation, let alone the millennial generation. The best improvement of educational services is to improve the quality of educators. Teachers are the key role in whether or not education services are qualified. No matter how good the curriculum is, if the educator's services in the education unit are of low quality, then the education services remain low. On the contrary, no matter how bad the curriculum is, if the teachers who teach are of high quality, then the quality of educational services is high. Ideally, the best educational services start from a quality concept, are implemented by qualified educators, and are managed using services that are reliable, guaranteed, real, empathetic, and responsive to various phenomena that occur, especially for students. Quality educators who are managed with school-based management that is also qualified make the school an ideal place for learning for students. This kind of education unit is what parents are looking for to entrust their children to study at school. By improving the quality of schools plus a social media-based marketing system, it is the best way to win the competition for the admission of new students elegantly