Basic Dynamics Research Articles

Exploring Kink Solitons in the Context of Klein–Gordon Equations via the Extended Direct Algebraic Method

This work employs the Extended Direct Algebraic Method (EDAM) to solve quadratic and cubic nonlinear Klein–Gordon Equations (KGEs), which are standard models in particle and quantum physics that describe the dynamics of scaler particles with spin zero in the framework of Einstein’s theory of relativity. By applying variables-based wave transformations, the targeted KGEs are converted into Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs). The resultant NODEs are subsequently reduced to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations through the assumption of series-based solutions for them. New families of soliton solutions are obtained in the form of hyperbolic, trigonometric, exponential and rational functions when these systems are solved using Maple. A few soliton solutions are considered for certain values of the given parameters with the help of contour and 3D plots, which indicate that the solitons exist in the form of dark kink, hump kink, lump-like kink, bright kink and cuspon kink solitons. These soliton solutions are relevant to actual physics, for instance, in the context of particle physics and theories of quantum fields. These solutions are useful also for the enhancement of our understanding of the basic particle interactions and wave dynamics at all levels of physics, including but not limited to cosmology, compact matter physics and nonlinear optics.

Financial Performance Analysis of Energy Companies Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques: An Application in the BIST Electricity, Gas and Water Sector

Energy plays a vital role in the macroeconomic development of countries. The increase in energy consumption and the increase in the number of energy companies are among the basic dynamics of country development and growth. Enhancing the financial performance of companies operating in the energy sector strengthens the competitive power of countries at both national and international levels. In this context, this study aims to determine the financial performance rankings of companies operating in the energy sector in Turkey over a 10-year period, identifying the most successful and least successful periods over the years. Using data from energy sector companies listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) between 2013 and 2022, after determining the research criteria, the weights of these criteria were calculated using the Entropy method. Subsequently, considering the criteria weights, the performance rankings of energy companies were determined year by year using the MAIRCA method. According to the results of the Entropy analysis, when the importance level is evaluated, the most significant criterion in 2013 was the Liquidity Ratio (LR), in 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2019 it was the Gross Profit Growth (GPG) criterion, in 2015 it was the Current Ratio (CR) criterion, in 2016 and 2022 it was the Net Profit Growth (NPG) criterion, and in 2020 it was the Net Profit Growth (NPG) criterion. Finally, in 2021, the most important criterion was determined to be EBITDA Growth (EBG). Furthermore, based on the MAIRCA analysis, the reasons behind the most successful and least successful years of the companies were explained using financial and activity reports, as well as special situation disclosure notifications obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform (PDP).

An Integrated Review of Pluto-Charon Binary Syatem

The Pluto-Charon binary system is a significant celestial configuration in the Kuiper belt, it is the first Kuiper-belt binary to be discovered. The study of the Pluto-Charon binary system is helpful for the understanding of planetary formation and evolution and Kuipe-belt objects. The surface feature of the binary and the evolution of the system related to the Sun or its satellites and rings have been hot in research on the Pluto-Charon system. For example, most study hold a view that the Pluto-Charon binary was formed by a giant impact. However, the internal structure and formation remain partly unexplored. This review paper compiles literature on the physical properties, formation, and basic dynamics of the Pluto-Charon system. Observational data from the New Horizons mission has advanced the understanding of the system, the review overviewed the characteristics of the Pluto-Charon binary system from the observation and analysis in the current research, such as the surface material of the two bodies. The paper also added a basic introduction to the binary system.

Commodity production and African migration to Turkey, Now and in the premodern past

African Migration in Turkey is an under-researched area despite the long history of migration between West Africa and the Ottoman Empire and the large number of African migrants in Turkey. The connection of this historical and contemporary migration movement with commodity production reveals not only the basic dynamics and patterns but also the global character of this mobility. While the flow of labor and commodities between Africa and Turkey continues, especially with Turkey's new Africa policy after 2002, African migrants are also implementing their own interests and agendas. Thus, an interdisciplinary approach encompassing history, economics, and anthropology reveals intertwined transformations and networks that provide a perspective for historical changes.

A Qualitative Study on Stewardship Relationships in Family Businesses in Türkiye

This study aimed to explain the basic dynamics of stewardship relationships in small and medium-sized family businesses in Türkiye and the contextual features that produce them by taking a phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research methods. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. The study sample comprised 35 participants from 14 family businesses in Antalya, Türkiye, including 18 family member managers and 17 non-family senior employees. Using thematic analysis, 6 main themes and 18 sub-themes were identified. While the results are consistent with previous research, they also strongly point to a steward profile specific to family businesses in Türkiye.

AB-Türkiye İlişkileri Bağlamında Ermenilerin Kimlik İnşasına Yeniden Bakış

This article critically analyses the reconstruction of the Armenian identity in the context of reforms in Turkey's European Union (EU) accession process. Within the scope of the research, in order to understand the cultural, ethnic and religious identity construction processes of the Armenian community in Istanbul, the existing academic literature on Armenians in Turkey has been analysed in detail, and field research based on observation and in-depth interviews has been conducted. In line with the historical background ranging from the Ottoman millet system to the Republic's policies of creating a homogenous nation, from the democratisation movement to the EU accession process, the construction process of Armenian identity has been analysed in three stages in the light of the relevant theoretical debates. Firstly, the historical development of different legal statuses evolving from non-Muslims to minorities is analysed; secondly, the reform process brought about by the EU membership process is examined. While analysing this process, the basic dynamics that contributed to the formation of Armenian identity were first identified. Secondly the prominent changes in the legal, political, social and cultural fields that accelerated the reconstruction of the Armenian community's identity by the EU reform process were tried to be identified. Finally, the social dilemmas experienced in the aftermath of the reforms are analysed and the ongoing identity struggle of the Armenian community is outlined. While the EU membership process allows the Armenian community in Turkey to express their identities more openly and freely, social insecurity and dilemmas prevent this process from being fully realised. The study analyses the theoretical approaches to identity construction and the political, economic, social and cultural transformations experienced by the Armenian community in Turkey and offers suggestions on the processes of identity struggle. In particular, it is emphasised that overcoming social insecurities and dilemmas is critical for the sustainable survival of Armenian identity. In this context, it is concluded that more inclusive and supportive policies should be developed in order to preserve the Armenian identity and increase its social acceptance. Key Words: Identity, European Union, Türkiye, Armenian identity, minority

Automatic control of UAVs: new adaptive rules and type-3 fuzzy stabilizer

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become important in an extensive range of fields such as surveillance, environmental monitoring, agriculture, infrastructure inspection, commercial applications, and many others. Ensuring stable flight and precise control of UAVs, especially in adverse weather conditions or turbulent environments, presents significant challenges. Developing control systems that can adapt to these environmental factors while ensuring safe and reliable operation is a main motivation. Considering the challenges, first, an adaptive model is identified using the input/output data sets. New adaptation laws are obtained for dynamic parameters. Then, a Type-3 (T3) Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is used to compensate for the error of dynamic identification. T3-FLS is tuned by a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy. The robustness is analyzed considering the adaptation error using the SMC approach. The main idea is that the basic dynamics of UAVs are taken into account, and adaptation laws are designed to enhance the modeling accuracy. On the other hand, an optimized T3-FLS with SMC is introduced to eliminate the adaption errors and ensure robustness. Several simulations show that known parameters converge under uncertainty, and the stability is kept, well. Also, output signals follow the desired trajectories under dynamic perturbations, identification errors, and uncertainties.

From De-Tribalisation to Re-tribalisation: Conflict and Organisation Models in Discussing the Structural Transformation of Kurdish Tribes

The concept of tribe has a long history in Kurdish society, signifying a common origin through blood and place ties, corresponding to a strong collective identity and having socio-political implications. This form of social organisation, which emphasises tradition, locality and hierarchy, was expected to disappear with the modernisation movements. However, neither political actors nor modernity have been able to achieve de-tribalisation. On the contrary, the tribe has managed to reproduce itself in all processes, structures and formations. So what are the basic dynamics that make this adaptation possible? This article argues that the main dynamics that have sustained the tribal structure, and thus prevented de-tribalisation, are tribal-specific organisational models and inter-tribal conflicts, especially in accordance with the segmentary lineage system. Elections, capitalist relations, non-governmental organisations, etc. are considered in this article as intermediaries that keep these dynamics alive. Drawing on the theoretical knowledge and perspectives of anthropology and political science, the article concludes that micro-political issues such as conflict and conflict resolution strengthen the spirit of togetherness, ensure unity of action and thus make re-tribalisation possible.

Eğitim Kurumlarında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler ve Bilişim Araçlarının Kullanımının İncelenmesi

Learning, which is the basic component and dynamics of education, is the name given to the changes observed in an individual during the interaction of an individual with the environment, the reorganization of behavior and habits, behavior development and change, the acquisition of information and ideas, considered as a neurophysiological process, permanent effects that occur as a result of interaction with the environment. By another definition, it is revealed that learning is a mental structure change or even a constantly renewed mental structure. Some learning processes may be aimed only at people. Knowledge is organized, and learning is a process in which new knowledge is associated with previously acquired knowledge. The learner needs to encode and store the acquired information in his long-term memory so that he can recall it accurately and quickly later. The information processing process plays an active role in this regard for electronic learning and future learning. Cognitive control for the actualization of cognitive processes within a certain system (such as coding, detection, recall and repetition) occupies an important place in terms of electronic learning and future learning models in subjects such as monitoring, planning, implementation, asking questions, renewal, self-testing from the beginning to the end of learning. In this context, it is observed that the attempts to use information technologies in education have been accelerated in recent years. Interaction between individuals constitutes the basis of learning.Dec. This interaction between individuals allows the examination of existing knowledge and the access to new theories. Dec. While physical environments such as classrooms, schools or courses were used for this type of interaction at first; nowadays, with the introduction of technology into our lives, electronic messages (e-mail), chat (chat), e-groups, dynamic web pages, web radio and television, mobile phones and tablet computers have started to be added to these environments with the great breakthroughs made in recent years. Thanks to these enriched interaction environments, individuals can interact with more people more easily. As a result, thanks to this, students can increase their own knowledge by communicating with others who are more knowledgeable than they are. Thus, individuals can take the thought structure of the more knowledgeable one or adopt the new structure that they will create by shaping it with some changes according to themselves. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Innovative Technologies, Information Tools

Capillary-Driven Microdevice Mixer Using Additive Manufacturing (SLA Technology)

This study presents a novel microfluidic mixer designed, fabricated, and characterized using additive manufacturing technology—stereolithography (SLA)—and harnessing capillarity principles achieved through microstructure patterning. Micromixers are integral components in optimizing mixing and reaction processes within microfluidic systems. The proposed microdevice employs a tank mixing method capable of blending two fluids. With a channel length of up to 6 mm, the process time is remarkably swift at 3 s, and the compact device measures 35 × 40 × 5 mm. The capillarity-driven working flow rates range from 1 μL/s to 37 μL/s, facilitated by channel dimensions varying between 400 μm and 850 μm. The total liquid volume within the device channels is 1652 mL (6176 μL including the supply tanks). The mix index, representing the homogeneity of the two fluids, is approximately 0.55 along the main channel. The manufacturing process, encompassing printing, isopropyl cleaning, and UV (ultraviolet) curing, is completed within 90 min. This microfluidic mixer showcases efficient mixing capabilities, rapid processing, and a compact design, marking it as a promising advancement in microfluidic technology. The new microfluidic mixer is a major step forward in microfluidic technology, providing a cost-effective and flexible solution for various uses. Its compatibility with SLA additive manufacturing allows for quick prototyping and design improvements, making it valuable for research and practical applications in chemistry, biology, and diagnostics. This study highlights the importance of combining advanced manufacturing techniques with basic fluid dynamics to create effective and easy-to-use microfluidic solutions.

Exploring cybertechnology standards through bibliometrics: Case of National Institute of Standards and Technology

Cyber security is one of the topics that gain importance today. It is necessary to determine the basic components, basic dynamics, and main actors of the Cyber security issue, which is obvious that it will have an impact in many areas from social, social, economic, environmental, and political aspects, as a hot research topic. When the subject literature is examined, it has become a trend-forming research subject followed by institutions and organizations that produce R&D policy, starting from the level of governments. In this study, cybersecurity research is examined in the context of 5 basic cyber security functions specified in the cyber security standard (CSF) defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is aimed to determine the research topics emerging in the international literature, to identify the most productive countries, to determine the rankings created by these countries according to their functions, to determine the research clusters and research focuses. In the study, several quantitative methods were used, especially scientometrics, social network analysis (SNA) line theory and structural hole analysis. Statistical tests (Log-Likelihood Ratio) were used to reveal the prominent areas, and the text mining method was also used. we first defined a workflow according to the “Identify”, “Protect”, “Detect”, “Respond” and “Recover” setups, and conducted an online search on the Web of Science (WoS) to access the information on the publications on the relevant topics It is seen that actors, institutions and research create different densities according to various geographical regions in the 5 functions defined within the framework of cybersecurity. It is possible to say that infiltration detection, the internet of things and the concept of artificial intelligence are among the other prominent research focuses, although it is seen that smart grids are among the most prominent research topics. In the first clustering analysis we performed, we can say that 17 clusters are formed, especially when we look under the definition function. The largest of these clusters has 32 data points, so-called "decision making models".

Forecasting the Volatility of the Russian Stock Market in the Context of International Economic Sanctions

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the development of the Russian stock market in the context of international economic sanctions. The purpose of the study is to make forecasts of the volatility of the Russian stock market using a scenario approach. Statistical data of the Moscow Stock Exchange were used for calculations. The authors have made a forecast of the volatility of the stock exchange market of the Russian Federation. The basis of the forecast calculations is the dynamics of the Moscow Exchange Index (IMOEX), taken as a key indicator of the Russian organized securities market, for the period from June 2013 to July 2022. Based on the basic historical dynamics of the Moscow Stock Exchange Index, negative (international economic sanctions are being tightened) and positive (implies the easing and/or lifting of some sanctions) scenarios for the development of the stock market of the Russian Federation are compiled. The scientific novelty is the authors’ assessment of the convergence of the volatility forecast under negative and positive scenarios to a certain level of volatility in 2023. The results of the calculations showed that under different scenarios of the situation, volatility tends to the same value at different assumed values of the Moscow Exchange Index, which allowed us to draw a new and practically significant conclusion that over time the economy of the Russian Federation stabilizes regardless of the tightening or easing of international economic sanctions — this may be due to the implementation of the country has a policy of import substitution, the formation of national production in most areas of the economy and the development of the domestic market. The work carried out by the authors contributes to the development of theoretical and applied economics in terms of making forecasts for the development of the stock market and using the results of forecasting to make economically sound decisions.

Flow Characterization in a Partially Liquefied Vitreous Humor

The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the basic fluid dynamics associated with a fully liquid region within a porous material. This work has come about as a result of our investigation on the ocular fluid dynamics and transport process in a partially liquefied vitreous humor. The liquid is modeled as a sphere with Stokes flow while the surrounding infinite porous region is described by Brinkman flow. The development here provides basic three-dimensional axisymmetric results on flow characterization and also serves to evaluate the limits of validity of Darcy flow analysis for the same geometry. In the Darcy flow model, the liquid region is also treated as a porous region with a much higher permeability. Therefore, both liquid and porous regions are modeled by Darcy’s law. Besides the analytical results from Brinkman–Stokes model, the simpler case of Darcy–Darcy flow for the same geometry has been provided. The results of both cases are compared and the differences between the two sets of results provide the range of validity of our computational model (Khoobyar et al. in J Heat Transf 144:031208, 2022). Some interesting fluid-dynamical aspects of the system are observed through the analysis. For the Darcy–Darcy system, the liquid region velocity is uniform throughout, as expected for potential flow. With the Brinkman–Stokes model, the liquid region has a paraboloidal profile with the maximum possible peak value of six times the far-field velocity in the porous medium. With the liquid region having a lower resistance, the flow tends to converge there for both models as it seeks the path of least resistance. As for the validation of the Darcy–Darcy model, it is a good approximation as far as the exterior flow is concerned. However, the liquid region flow profiles for the two models are different as noted. The current Brinkman–Stokes model has led to explicit analytical solutions for the flow field for both regions. This has permitted an asymptotic analysis giving deeper insight into the flow characterization.

On the relationship between group analysis and mentalization-based group therapy

In this article we describe and reflect upon the roots of mentalization-based group therapy (MBT-G) and its relationship to group analysis. The original setting for MBT was psychotherapeutic day hospitals that were strongly influenced by group analytic thinking. The challenges from an increasing number of borderline patients initiated theoretical and therapeutic innovations that separated MBT-G from traditional group analysis who responded differently, e.g. by strengthening its ties to object-relational theories that emphasized innate destructive drives. Since then, the dialogue between the two approaches have been meagre in the UK, but more constructive in e.g. Norway and Germany. We argue that MBT-G needs group analytic competence with respect to basic group dynamics, and that group analysis needs revitalization by the theory of mentalizing. We call for dialogues between the two approaches. The authors belong to both camps and speak with reference to experiences in Norway, United Kingdom, Denmark and Germany.

Tradeoff of structural layouts of a compact heat exchanger additively manufactured for space exploration

The innovative thermal management system named Two-Phase Mechanically Pumped Loop (2PMPL) has been investigated to design probes for Venus exploration. This study aims integrating the 2PMPL evaporator inside the probe shell, using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion technique, to reduce the thermal system size and to increase the payload. In this paper, four evaporator designs have been developed and compared to the latest available reference solution. The overall assessment of those designs has been performed by comparing the results of basic Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis, structural behavior, mass and Three-Phase Contact Line (TPCL) length, highlighting specific strengths of each solution.

Динамика и структура смысловых базовых установок кыргызстанцев

This article presents a study of the meaningful basic sets dynamics (hereinafter referred to as MBS) among Kyrgyzstanis, as well as an attempt to determine the structure of MBS. In this paper, we rely on the level theory of the set was offered by A. G. Asmolov. Shifts in meaningful sets are always determined by changes in a person's real life relationship with social reality. The purpose of the study is to examine the dynamics and structure of the Kyrgyz people's MBS. The study is longitudinal in nature and covers the period from 2010 to 2021. It involved men and women who were on average 15 years old in 2010 and 26 years old in 2021. The main methodology was the questionnaire “Meaningful basic sets” (adaptation by A. D. Ishkov and N. G. Miloradova of the questionnaire “Dysfunctionality Scale” by D. Burns). It was revealed that the dynamics of MBS occurs in both male and female samples. Statistically significant differences were found depending on achievement, self-demanding behavior, and responsibility for others. The structure of MBS changes over time due to the loss of connections between MBS, which can speak about the formation of relative independence of MBS in the meaning sphere of personality. The prospects for this study are: expansion of the methodological tools, recruitment of an additional sample, for example, Russians, as well as inclusion in the analysis of data obtained by non-standardized methods.

A barátságkaraván jelensége és jelentősége az életben

The Phenomenon of the Caravan of Friendship and Its Importance in Life. In this academic essay, I invite the reader to think about our human relationships, our friendships: who are the supporters and allies in our lives? How are friendships born and why do they fade away? What do we need to strengthen our friendships and to become people who are seen as supporters by others? The way we make friends throughout our lives depends on our personality, our gender, our age, and our socio-cultural environment. Our network of relationships needs to include family, friends, home, and work. Our network of friends may also change from time to time, for example, when we move to a new place or change jobs. As the distances between connections increase, so do the number of people with whom we can no longer have deeper relationships. In this paper, we look at the basic dynamics of relationships and how friendship patterns change with age. The paper concludes with a brief theological reflection on friendship. Keywords: friendship, socio-cultural environment, network of relationships, dynamics of relationships

Eğitim Yönetimi Proseslerinde Eğitim Politikası ile Kamu Politikasının Kodları

Within the framework of our study, educational management processes will be examined in the context of policy, education policy and public policy concepts. Both education policies and public policies create two basic dynamics that can be evaluated within the scope of education management. It is difficult to understand the term politics as a specific and concrete phenomenon within the context of education policy and public policy. That is why there is no single and widely accepted invariant definition of politics. On the other hand, there is a wide literature in a number of disciplines, including sociology of politics, policy management and political science, which attempts to define policy in the context of educational policy and public policy. Although they have one thing in common, the truth is that there is no easy definition of politics. Therefore, there is very little to be achieved in the sense of a fixed conceptualization of the term politics. Although there is no widely accepted, precise and reliable definition of the policy definition in the context of education policy and public policy, it is possible to define the policy as the definition of goals, the determination of priorities, a plan, an output or a component of some or all of them. In this context, within the framework of education policy, political science is a branch of social science that covers a very wide field and is still in development. Within the framework of education policy, public policy refers to the positions and actions taken by the state, which includes a number of institutions that contain the basic characteristics and integrity of the authority. Public policy is often confused with decisions made in public. But a personal decision alone does not make policy. Within the framework of education policy, public policy describes examples of decisions in the context of other decisions made by political actors on behalf of state institutions from authorized positions. Public policies serve as an example to explain both the consequences and the tools designed to guide human behavior and actions. Public policy refers to the issues that officials can work on, as a rule, the things that are desired to be achieved. Key Words: Education Management, Education Management Process, Education Policy, Public Policy

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

An extensive body of literature shows how people deal with conflicts, verbally and nonverbally, in interpersonal interactions. However, the role of technologically-mediated communication (TMC) in romantic relational conflict has received less attention. Through the lenses of Relational Turbulence and Expectancy Violations Theories, this study explored how a chronemic expectancy violation from a romantic partner impacts emotional well-being in a TMC-involved conflict discussion. Two online questionnaires were distributed. First, a pilot study was conducted to understand the basic online communication dynamics between emerging adult romantic partners (e.g., usual response latency) and possible emotions when they experience a chronemic expectancy violation from their partner on TMC. Results show that people are likely to experience negative affect and other specific emotions (e.g., disillusion, loneliness, frustration, hurt, anger) if their partner takes longer than expected to respond. The main study then further explored how individuals’ expectations differ in a hypothetical TMC-involved conflict scenario where they use text-based TMC to discuss a recent romantic conflict with their partners. Participants were instructed to imagine a chronemic expectancy violation whereby their partner does not respond within their expected time period (i.e., conflict expected latency) and report their feelings about it. Results show that people expect their partners to respond more rapidly in the conflict scenario than usual and report negative feelings after the expectancy violations. Conflict-specific (e.g., seriousness), personal (e.g., attachment anxiety and avoidance), and relational (e.g., commitment) variables also influence the intensity of their emotional experiences. This research enhances comprehension of nonverbal cues in text-based TMC and potential emotional repercussions in romantic conflict management.

Insights into ENSO Diversity from an Intermediate Coupled Model. Part I: Uniqueness and Sensitivity of the ENSO Mode

Abstract The basic dynamics of the spatiotemporal diversity for El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been the subject of extensive research and, while several hypotheses have been proposed, remains elusive. One promising line of studies suggests that the observed eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO may originate from two coexisting leading ENSO modes. We show that the coexistence of unstable EP-like and CP-like modes in these studies arises from contaminated linear stability analysis due to unnoticed numerical scheme caveats. In this two-part study, we further investigate the dynamics of ENSO diversity within a Cane–Zebiak-type model. We first revisit the linear stability issue to demonstrate that only one ENSO-like linear leading mode exists under realistic climate conditions. This single leading ENSO mode can be linked to either a coupled recharge-oscillator (RO) mode favored by the thermocline feedback or a wave-oscillator (WO) mode favored by the zonal advective feedback at the weak air–sea coupling end. Strong competition between the RO and WO modes for their prominence in shaping this ENSO mode into a generalized RO mode makes it sensitive to moderate changes in these two key feedbacks. Modulations of climate conditions yield corresponding modulations in spatial pattern, amplitude, and period associated with this ENSO mode. However, the ENSO behavior undergoing this linear climate condition modulations alone does not seem consistent with the observed ENSO diversity, suggesting the inadequacy of linear dynamics in explaining ENSO diversity. A nonlinear mechanism for ENSO diversity will be proposed and discussed in Part II.