Basic Data Source Research Articles

Phylogenetic analysis in silico of orchid species Dendrobium based on rbcl marker

Dendrobium is one of the genera of the third largest Orchidaceae family which reaches about 1184 species in the world. In Indonesia, this genus of orchids is a wealth of genetic resources that are abundant in the Eastern region, such as Papua and Maluku. These genetic resources have not been optimally utilized as elders in crossbreeding to produce offspring that have characteristics according to what consumers want. Due to the limitations of these morphological characteristics, another character is needed that can support the systematics of orchids, namely molecular characters. Plant kinship analysis can use molecular characters in the form of DNA strands that can overcome the weaknesses of morphological data that are known to have limitations and tend to be influenced by the environment. This study aims to analyze the kinship of several types of Dendrobium based on the rbcL gene and add to the basic data source of germplasm from the genus Dendrobium. The samples used were nucleotide sequences of 11 nucleotide sequences consisting of 10 types of Dendrobium (D. anosmum, D. jinghuanum, D. catenatum, D. nobile, D. jenkinsii, D. pahangense, D. nobile, D. pulchellum, D. fimbriatum, and D. pulchellum) which is used as an in group and 1 species of the genus Phalaenopsis namely Phalaenopsis equestris which is used as an outgroup. The results of Dendrobium kinship analysis with an in silico based rbcL gene molecular approach show that species in the same genus are not necessarily closely related. The species that is a member of the out group is Phalaenopsis equestris,. Phalaenopsis equestris forms its own tree branches, while the other 10 species are on the same phylogeny tree branches.

Climate Change and the Struggle for Climate Justice

Climate change is one of the greatest global challenges. The phenomenon and actions taken to address it have thrown up some contentious issues. One of such issues is climate justice. This paper analyses the bases for climate justice and the attempts at achieving it. The basic sources of data were the publications/documents of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Information was also obtained from the publications and websites of the climate negotiation blocs, such as G77 + China and Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), and several Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) such as Climate Action Network, Oxfam, GreenPeace and Third World Network. The climate justice struggle has been necessitated mainly by two driving forces. These are the experiences of the impact of climate change and the environmental legal principles that have emerged from environmental and climate change challenges. In spite of the fact that climate change and its impact are global, vulnerabilities vary across regions and socio-economic groups. The disproportionate impact of climate change is one of the drivers of the struggle for climate justice. The environmental/climatic legal principles that have formed bases for the climate justice struggle derive largely from UNFCCC, the Rio Declaration and the Paris Agreement. They are, to an extent, related to the Principle of Disproportionate Climate Burden. The principles include Common But Differentiated Responsibilities, Polluter Pays, No-Harm (to others) and Beneficiary Pays. Strategies employed in the struggle for climate justice include advocacy, focused negotiations at CoPs, protests/strikes, and litigation. Although, the developing countries have been the leaders in the struggle for climate justice, CSOs have been particularly prominent. The demand for increased financing of climate mitigation and adaptation has been characteristic. The struggle has resulted in more climate action. However, the ultimate focus must be the achievement of net zero emissions.

Knowledge State of Two Endemic Varieties of Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata with Yellow Flesh ("Kounougbé" and "Kangba") Cultivated in the Gbêkê Region and the Level of Chemical Weeding Use

Background: Yam is the main staple food in Ivory Coast and plays a crucial role in food security. However, indigenous yellow-fleshed varieties of the Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata species, such as "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" are gradually being abandoned in favor of modern varieties. Study Design: A study was conducted in the departments of Bouaké, Béoumi, Sakassou, and Botro, in the Gbêkê region, to assess the knowledge of these varieties, the preference for their tubers, and the use of chemical weeding. Results: The chi-square (χ²) test of independence showed that variables gender, age group, ethnic group and educational level influence significantly (P < 0.05) the knowledge level of "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" varieties. This knowledge level is relatively high in the different departments. The study revealed that uneducated people have better knowledge (83.97%) of these varieties. It also indicated that people aged at least 55 years old have a very good knowledge of these varieties. Moreover, the survey revealed that the natives are more familiar with "Kounougbé" and "Kangba" varieties with a rate of 92.68%. Concerning the characteristics preference for said varieties tubers and chemical weeding use, they impact meaningfully (P < 0.05) the age group variable. People at least 55 years old have the highest preference and use of chemical weeding levels with respective rates of 98.61% and 41.46%. Conclusion: This study constitutes a source of basic data which would contribute to the revaluation of endemic varieties of yellow-fleshed yam.

Development and effects of the PARENT (Parenting Acceptable Real Empathy Nurture Training) program for mothers who defected from North Korea

Aim and backgroundNorth Korean refugee mothers struggle with the two-fold burden of adaptation and parenting in a new environment. This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a parenting program for North Korean refugee mothers. MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted with 65 North Korean refugee mothers who were recruited through the Korea Hana Foundation Center and Sajowi. The experimental and control groups comprised 33, 32 participants respectively. A program was conducted across eight sessions, each lasting about 90–120 min. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the parenting efficacy (t = −10.03, p < .001) and child related stress (sub domain-parenting stress) (t = 3.24, p = .002) scores. While intergroup differences were observed for parenting efficacy (t = 5.48, p < .001), no significant differences were observed for parenting stress (parent related) (t = −0.22, p = .825) and parent–child relationship (t = 0.87, p = .387) and no intergroup differences were observed for parenting stress (t = −1.10, p = .274) and parent–child relationship (t = 1.06, p = .290). ConclusionThis study is significant to the field of nursing because North Korean refugee mothers who needed parenting education have high parental efficacy scores after intervention, which expresses confidence in parenting. This study proposed a parenting education intervention framework focusing on emotional empathy for North Korean refugee mothers who want to provide healthy parenting despite the challenges they encounter as immigrants, which will improve their confidence in parenting. It can serve as a source of basic data for designing parenting education intervention frameworks for refugees in the future.

Text Classification Based on Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning in Multi-Label Corpus

The rapid development of the Internet has led to a geometric expansion of text information resources online. Among them, corpus, as the basic data source of natural language processing based on statistical language model, its construction and application have become a hot issue in current language processing research. After consulting a large number of relevant literature and materials, it was found that many researchers have provided new ideas for multi label corpus text classification methods. However, this article adds its own understanding and takes this as the direction and basis. In the introduction, the research significance of text classification was introduced, and then academic research and analysis were carried out on the two key sentences of corpus text classification and natural language processing in multi-tag corpus text classification. This article then utilizes an algorithm model to provide a theoretical basis for the study of multi-label corpus text classification methods; At the end of this article, a simulation comparative experiment is conducted, and the experiment is summarized and discussed; In the Enterprise L corpus, the difference in recall rates before and after the use of Entrance 1 was 5.5%, the difference in recall rates before and after the use of Entrance 2 was 7.8%, the difference in recall rates before and after the use of Entrance 3 was 3.3%, and the difference in recall rates before and after the use of Entrance 4 was 4.5%. At the same time, with the continuous research of natural language processing and machine learning, the research on text classification methods of multi tag corpus is also facing new opportunities and challenges.

Analysis of the spatial distribution and future trends of coal mine accidents: A case study of coal mine accidents in China from 2005–2022

A scientific grasp of the macro law of coal mining accidents can contribute to strengthening their prevention and control and guaranteeing a stable energy supply. In this study, 2,269 investigation reports of China's coal mining accidents from 2005 to 2022 were adopted as the basic data source, and GIS spatial analysis and rescaled range analysis methods were utilized to comprehensively reveal the spatial-temporal distribution features, and evolutionary patterns of coal mining accidents in China. The findings indicate that the numbers of gas explosion, permeability, outburst, suffocation and roof fall accidents has rapidly declined. The coverage area of coal mining accidents has gradually moved toward western of China. However, the center of the area covered by coal mining accidents during the study period was mainly concentrated in Shanxi and Henan Provinces. Besides, the number of deaths resulting from coal mining accidents across the country has gradually decreased, while the time series exhibited high continuity, with future changes consistent with past changes. The average cycle period of the coal mining accident sequence was 5 years. Through the systematic analysis of coal mine accidents conducted in this research, the law of accident occurrence was more comprehensively revealed, providing a reference and basis for the government and enterprises to implement precise preventive measures.

The efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) that does not respond to first-line therapy poses a challenge to clinical management. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 in second-line and above treatment of AGC. Cochrane Library, Science Direct, EMBASE, PubMed, and CNKI were searched for randomized controlled trial until August 2023. Only patients who met "Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Guide for Gastric Cancer" were included in the study. The accurate data and distinguishing between follow-up time and drug dose were extracted to reduce heterogeneity and the risk of bias of the included trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. Finally, the survival benefit of the treatment was evaluated based on clinical response rate, survival period, biochemical index, and adverse event occurrence in the trial. The meta-analysis included 29 randomized controlled trials involving 2149 participants. Statistically significant increases in clinical effective rate (odds ratios = 2.61, 95% confidence interval [2.13-3.20], P < .00001) and disease control rate (odds ratios = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [2.54-3.94], P < .00001) were found when apatinib combined with S-1, and also had obvious advantages in reducing tumor markers and regulating immune factors. In addition, apatinib combined with S-1 significantly increased the risk of hypertension but reduced damage to liver function, while the improvement of other adverse events was not pronounced. Apatinib combined with S-1 is more effective and safe for second-line and above treatment of AGC. This study minimized the conclusion bias caused by the basic data sources, but more high-quality studies are still needed to validate these conclusions.

Research on Hyperspectral Surface Reflectance Dataset of Typical Ore Concentration Area in Hami Remote Sensing Test Field

Abstract. Surface reflectance data is the basic data source for the hyperspectral parametric remote sensing products and remote sensing quantitative application, which is widely used in various application fields such as natural resources and ecological environment monitoring. At present, multispectral data takes the leading role among the common land surface reflectance datasets and the reflectance data mainly involves the types of ground objects such as farmland, forest land, water body, soil, etc., while the datasets relatively less targets the types of rock and mineral surface objects, yet especially the reflectance datasets with the combination of time series and multi-scale satellite-earth are even more scarce. In order to better promote the application of hyperspectral surface reflectance and explore the advantages of joint application of satellite-earth multi-scale reflectance data, on the basis of field-measured rock and mineral target spectral, a comprehensive surface reflectance dataset was generated by using domestically produced hyperspectral satellite data as the data source in this study, mainly focusing on the typical ore concentration area in the Hami Remote Sensing test field in Xinjiang. The dataset includes multi-period hyperspectral satellite surface reflectance images, field measured rock and mineral spectral data, and multi-period sub-pixel spectral data collected based on ground spectral measured points, which can provide significant support for the research and development and accuracy verification as well as performance evaluation of algorithms such as surface reflectance inversion, mineral identification and ground object classification.

The impact of the enterprise financial risk management function on financial performance in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract Adequate enterprise financial risk management (EFRM) represents a leading competitive advantage of enterprises that determines market survival and business success in an uncertain global environment. Over time, EFRM has become a constituent part of integral business dealings of enterprises and one of the strategic functions of enterprise management. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the effects of the EFRM function/system on the financial performance of enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The basic source of data in the research was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The target population in the research consists of large enterprises that have continuously operated in the territory of BiH (2013-2017). The selection of enterprises was made applying a random sampling method and contains 72 enterprises. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in the data analysis and panel data analysis was used to assess effects of EFRM function on financial performance. The scientific contribution of the paper is reflected in the fact that the research is pioneering for Bosnia and Herzegovina with the analysis of effects of the EFRM function on enterprise financial performance (EFP). The results show that there are no systematic, statistically significant differences between large enterprises that engage in risk management (‘hedgers’) and enterprises that do not engage in risk management (‘non-hedgers’) in BiH.

Evaluation of Peer Bullying in Cartoons: The Case of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug &amp; Cat Noir

Our research aimed to determine in a multiperspective way how peer bullying is addressed in animated cartoons. The basic data source of the research was 51 episodes of the &lt;em&gt;Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug &amp; Cat Noir &lt;/em&gt;cartoon. We used the Bullying Checklist in the document analysis design of the research. We analyzed the research data by determining the repetition of the items involved in the control list within the episodes. Our findings indicated that bullying was included in all of the cartoon’s episodes. The results of our research in the episodes investigated showed that bullying was mostly indirect, followed by emotional bullying. In terms of gender, most bullies were female, followed by males. Those who were exposed to bullying were also mostly females, followed by males. In addition, victims usually used the strategy of ignoring or doing nothing to get rid of the bullying, the victims often did not share their bullying experiences with anybody, and the bystanders often preferred to keep silent regarding the bullying experiences. Thus, children are exposed to bullying through these cartoons and can be affected by it.

2000–2020年珠三角30m空间分辨率植被覆盖度时空变化数据集

With the rapid growth of social economy and the expansion of cities and towns, coupled with increasing population density in the Pearl River Delta, vegetation habitats in some areas have been continuously reduced. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately estimate vegetation coverage and dynamically monitor the distribution patterns and temporal-spatial changes in vegetation in the Pearl River Delta for the sake of its ecological security. In this study, we utilized the Landsat dataset through Google Earth Engine to acquire high-quality cloud-free images in the study area. By means of median image synthesis, we synthesized the images of the Pearl River Delta in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively. To ensure the scientific rationality of the basic data source of FVC inversion, we selected the pixel dichotomy method based on NDVI to estimate the FVC in the five periods of the Pearl River Delta, and used the variation coefficient to analyze the fluctuation of FVC change in the five periods of the Pearl River Delta. Moreover, and we adopted the Slope trend analysis to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of FVC changes. The Hurst index was employed to predict the future development trends of vegetation coverage in the study area, offering a comprehensive representation of the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage in the Pearl River Delta region. The precision of this dataset was validated against high-resolution images with an accuracy of 0.90, which can provide fundamental data support for the research on the distribution patterns and spatio-temporal changes of vegetation coverage in the Pearl River Delta.

Development of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Historical and statistical analysis

The article presents the development of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina from its first serious beginnings after the Second World War until today. Considering the modest foundations of education in general, its highest level is an expression of the entire socio-historical development. The specific geographical position caused the intertwining of different influences from the East and the West on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was also reflected in different approaches to education during the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and later the two Yugoslavias, up to today's independent state. These conceptions had their consequences in the development of education and society's attitude towards it. However, the period after the Second World War proved to be the most intense due to the parallel work on the fast elimination of the problems of illiteracy, the lack of schools, teaching staff and the availability of education to the masses. Therefore, the radical social transformation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was particularly noticeable in the field of education. The basic source of data is official statistics from the era of Yugoslavia and contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data from the two entities and the Brčko district were combined when possible. The most important author's publications, regional and foreign, which can contribute to a better knowledge of this topic, were consulted as well. Emphasis is placed on the change in the total number of students and the participation of the male and female population in this cycle of education. Some specific tendencies were noticed. The first is a negative downward trend occurred after achieving historical growth in the number of students. In this way is represented the gradual change in the educational structure of this age group. At the end of the observed period, it is visibly different compared to the initial state. Different factors have had an impact in different periods. First of all, these are the (un)availability of education for women and the weakness of school infrastructure. Today's values are the result of negative demographic trends such as declining birth rates and migration. What unites all periods are the consequences of the direct war losses of the population. The results in the previous decade are still at a high level compared to the Yugoslav period. However, Bosnia and Herzegovina still lags behind other countries in the region. Moreover, its results are barely more than half of the European average. Slower growth, and later a decrease in the number of students shows a long-term lack of interest in higher education among this part of the population. This is why the gender gap is widening. Considering the essential role of education in the progress of society as a whole, the development of higher education contributes to a large extent to the better living standard of the population, creating the necessary preconditions for different social relations. In the first place, there is an improved position of women due to greater economic independence. The scientific contribution of this work is not negligible either, and is reflected in pointing out numerous research opportunities. At the first place, there is an interdisciplinary connection of history, geography (demography) and sociology. On the basis of demographic data, it is possible to draw historical conclusions explained by sociological laws and phenomena. Further, the change of focus from political to social topics could be a small incentive for future research on national history. Moreover, this approach enables comparisons at various levels: from local, through national to regional, and beyond. Transnational connections established in this way can be a new form of consensus on important topics. In this way, the place of a society in the world is determined and the necessary objective idea of its abilities and problems is acquired.

THE PRINCIPLE OF POLITENESS ACCORDING TO GEOFFREY LEECH IN THE STORY OF THE PROPHET SULAIMAN

Language politeness is a code of conduct determined and agreed upon by a particular community, therefore politeness is also an agreed condition in behaving in society. This study discusses the style of Prophet Sulaiman according to Leech's theory. This research uses a descriptive method with a pragmatic approach. The data sources used in this study are divided into two parts, namely primary data sources, namely basic data sources in the form of the Qur'an, and secondary sources, namely books or other sources related to the research topic problem. This study aims to find out the message contained in the story of Prophet Sulaiman a.s in the Qur'an using Geoffrey Leech's approach. The results of this study found that the maxim of wisdom amounted to 2 verses, namely Surah An-Naml verses 20 and 41, the maxim of generosity contained in Surah Shaad verse 32, the maxim of appreciation there were 2 verses, namely in Surah Al-Anbiya verse 81 and An-Naml verse 15, the maxim of simplicity there were 2 verses, namely in Surah An-Naml verses 16 and 36, the maxim of consensus contained in Surah An-Naml verse 38, The maxim of sympathy is found in Surah An-Naml verse 19.

A Helicopter Path Planning Method Based on AIXM Dataset

ICAO has emphasized that aeronautical information agencies should provide digitized aeronautical data and information, and realize that aeronautical data exchanging internationally in AIM. The AIXM structured aeronautical information dataset will be the main source of aeronautical basic data in the aeronautical information exchange network. In this article, the authors first analyze the spatio-temporal attributes of AIXM dataset and design the query method of AIXM structured obstacle data based on the research of AIXM coding specification. Secondly, the helicopter path planning is taken as the research scenario. Using the AIXM obstacle dataset and route dataset, combining the helicopter performance constraints to construct the envelope frame for collision judgment, and a new path planning method with improving the classical A* algorithm based on the AIXM dataset is proposed. The proposed method is validated and visualized. The validation results show that the proposed method reduces the frequency of helicopter turning, and ensures the safe distance between the flight path and the obstacles.

Feasibility and Potential Assessment of Wind Resource a Case Study in North Shewa Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia

The assessment of wind resource potential and feasibility is critical for generating and forecasting power generation, as wellas resource identification. In Ethiopia, the majority of the country lacks a wind atlas, making it difficult to determine the availability of sources. Seven different areas (Debre Berhan, Alem Ketema, Mehal Meda, Eneware, Gundo Meskel, Majete and Shewa Robit) were investigated. For the work data was collected from various sources and analyzed using MATLAB software. The basic sources of data that were obtained nationally were from the NMA, which is the National Metrological Agency found in Addis Ababa, and were obtained centrally from each local delegate’s registered report from a height of 2 meters and 10 meters in each listed districts above. According to the results analysis, the average wind speed at most sites is reasonable and 4 m/s at a height of 10 meters, and some of the case study sites have an average wind speed of less than 3 m/s. The extrapolation prediction method produces more realistic results at 30 and 50 meters; for example, when 10 meter is extrapolated to 30 and 50 meters, the wind power densities are 75.2 w/m2, 300.9 w/m2, and 680.5 w/m2, respectively. Similarly, the average yearly energy density for 10 meter, 30 meter, and 50 meter is 2110.8, 4122.6, and 8219.9 Kwh/m2/year, respectively. As per the international standard for wind power and wind speed classification, Eneware and Mehal Meda are categorized under class 7, whereas Debre Berhan is categorized under class 3, while the remaining sites such as Shewarobit, Gunde Meskel, Alem Ketema, and Majete are classified under class 1 for the majority of the year.

Qualitative Review of National Nutrition Surveillance Systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

This study focused on the functional nutrition surveillance systems in eight Arab countries; namely Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The study's analysis involved utilizing primary data collected from both published and unpublished reports. Additionally, a structured checklist was employed to gather information from all countries involved in the study. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the EMRO offices to gain deeper insights into the challenges, if any, that these nutrition surveillance systems face in functioning optimally. All countries use health facilities as a basic source of data for their nutrition surveillance, some countries triangulate their nutrition surveillance reports with data from other sources of information such as community or school surveys. Identified nutrition surveillance approaches are closely split between those who operate in stable settings and use routine health information systems (Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) and other countries that operate in fragile settings; for example, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, and Sudan struggle to provide early warning reports for rapid nutritional responses. Nutrition surveillance systems that utilize existing health information systems are the most sustained in the EMRO region. However, by integrating data from multiple sources, such as health facilities, surveys, and population censuses, countries can provide a holistic view of the nutritional situation, enhance their response to any emergency, and can leverage the infrastructure and resources already in place for health data collection and reporting. Collaboration between countries in the region through sharing experiences and success stories is important in order to reach a standardized system that can be implemented in different settings.

Family-friendly policy evolution: a bibliometric study

This paper uses the bibliometric method to analyze the basic characteristics and disciplinary knowledge structure of family-friendly policy research, as well as research hotspots and trends. The basic data source is the literature in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1985 to 2022. The following findings were obtained. First, the number of publications and citations in this field have increased exponentially, with scholars and research institutions from the US dominating the field of family-friendly policy research. Second, family-friendly policy research has been concentrated in the fields of management, sociology, and psychology, with a gradual trend toward cross-disciplinary integration, but a core group of authors has yet to be formed. Third, most of the family-friendly policy research has been conducted at the organizational level to explore the impact of family-friendly policies, with married women as the main research object. Finally, current family-friendly policy research focuses on policy fairness, childcare services, employee satisfaction, and work flexibility. Future research should focus on the dynamics of family-friendly policies and the empirical analysis of cross-level integration to improve the matching of policies with employee orientation. This study fills an analytical gap in the integration of family-friendly policies and scientometrics, proposes an expandable field of family-friendly policy research and research methods, and provides references and insights for future family-friendly policy research and practice.

Quantitative Analysis of Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics of Seasonal Average Maximum Temperature and Its Influence by Atmospheric Circulation in China from 1950 to 2019

Global warming and intensified human activities have led to regional climate instability with increasing frequency and the persistence of high-temperature climate events. Eco-environmental protection and socio-economic development have been faced with rigorous threats. Taking the monthly maximum temperatures from 1950 to 2019 as the basic data source, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of seasonal average maximum temperature (AMT) were discerned using the Mann-Kendall test and unary linear regression method in China from 1950 to 2019. Combined with linear correlation, partial linear correlation, and wavelet analysis, the correlation between seasonal AMT characteristics and atmospheric circulations was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that:① the AMT in all seasons had a significant upward trend, with an increase of 1.21, 0.08, 1.81, and 0.25℃ in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The abrupt change times of the AMT were concentrated in the 1990s to the early 21st century. ② In terms of spatial distribution, except for in summer, the average trend rates of AMT in other seasons increased gradually from south to north, although the increasing degrees were different. Among them, the AMT change rate in spring-winter was the fastest in northeast and northwest China. ③ There were complex correlations between the AMT of every season and atmospheric circulation factors, and the distribution of the interrelation energy varied significantly in different frequency domains. Specifically, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation had a significant negative correlation with AMT in summer. The North Atlantic Oscillation had an active effect on AMT changes in summer, autumn, and winter. The Arctic Oscillation had a significant positive driving effect on AMT in all seasons, and there were significant positive or negative influences on the short-or long-term changes of AMT in spring and summer due to the different EI Niño-Southern Oscillation years. These results could provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for China to formulate scientific and effective response plans of climate change.

성인 영어학습자의 성격유형에 따른 영어 글쓰기전략 사용에 관한 연구

The purpose of this paper is to explore English writing strategies according to personality types of college students. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 87 students enrolled in an university in Chungcheongnam-do. After measuring free online personality types questionnaire, participants completed the English writing strategies. The result of Bayesian independent mean t-test to find out the difference between two groups, intuitive type used more self-directed and socio/affective strategies among metacognitive strategies in English writing than the sensing type. The judging type used more metacognitive strategies and data search strategy in English writing than the perceiving type. This study suggests learning strategies and learning methods suitable for individual learners’ personality types and it is a crucial source of basic data in English writing to systematize teaching methods by personality types according to age and English proficiency.

Method for the Construction of Urban Road Digital Elevation Models Integrated with Semantic Information

Roads are a type of typical artificial terrain, and are key components of urban terrain. Road networks formed by connections between different roads not only form the skeleton of urban terrain, but also plays an important role in transmitting energy and matter on the urban surface. Therefore, how to consider characteristics when constructing the digital road elevation model (DEM) has become an important research topic in the field of geographic information and mapping. Using high-definition unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images as the basic data source, this study proposes a new method for constructing the road DEM by analyzing semantic features such as road shape and function. This method first takes the sideline and centerline of the road as the macroscopic undulation morphological constraints. It uses the shape control equation of the local domain to constrain the morphological change characteristics of the road surface in the transverse and longitudinal directions, in order to construct the road DEM with high fidelity to the surface shape characteristics. Then, in terms of the water catchment function of the road surface, a road DEM correction method considering surface flow direction characteristics is designed to ensure that the water catchment path of the road surface conforms to the actual situation. For this paper, several typical roads in Chuzhou University in Anhui Province, China, were selected as the experimental objects to carry out a DEM construction experiment. The results indicate the following: (1) compared with the traditional construction method, the DEM shape of the road constructed by this research method is more consistent with the actual road shape, and the smoothness of the road surface is better; (2) due to the high density and high elevation accuracy of the point cloud used in modeling, the elevation adjustment strategy of the sideline and centerline of the road implemented in this study does not reduce elevation accuracy, indicating that an adjustment to the elevation information is necessary for constructing the DEM of special artificial terrain; and (3) the DEM correction method proposed in this paper to find the correct catchment path can ensure that the processed DEM can accurately simulate the surface catchment process, and the correction of the elevation of the road DEM is also controlled within a small range without affecting the elevation accuracy of the regional DEM. This study has reference value for implementing projects such as urban terrain expression in the construction of 3D China.