Basic Concepts Research Articles

Review of the Development of Meniscus Centralization.

With an aging population, extending healthy life expectancy is a global challenge. Maintaining healthy knee joint function is one of the essential factors to preserve the ability to walk and extend healthy life expectancy. Meniscus centralization was introduced in 2012 as a procedure for meniscus extrusion, one of the causes of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Initially, it was performed only for lateral meniscus (LM) extrusion, and favorable 2-year results were reported in 2016. Gradually, basic studies supporting the effectiveness of meniscus centralization have been reported, and it has also been performed for medial meniscus (MM) extrusion, with some positive results reported. Although the surgical procedures vary among the institutions, the basic concept is to reattach the loosened meniscotibial ligament to the edge of the tibial plateau to re-tension it. This review will discuss the history of development and the current status of meniscus centralization. Current research shows that meniscus centralization is not performed in isolation but is often used as an augmentation along with the conventional repair of meniscus injuries, particularly posterior root tears. Biomechanical studies demonstrated that MM centralization with a posteromedial anchor can better restore meniscus function. Despite its relatively short publication history of just over ten years, meniscus centralization has shown potential as a treatment to curb the progression of knee OA and extend a healthy life. While more evidence is needed, this conclusion underscores the promising role for meniscus centralization, making it a topic of significant interest for knee surgeons and researchers.

Moving forward on tumor pathology research reporting: a guide for pathologists from the WHO Classification of Tumors EVI MAP Group.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) can be unfamiliar territory for those working in tumor pathology research and there is a great deal of uncertainty about how to undertake an EBM approach to planning and reporting histopathology-based studies. In this article, endorsed by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) International Collaboration for Cancer Classification and Research (IC3R), we aim to help pathologists and researchers to understand the basics of planning an evidence-based tumor pathology research study, as well as our recommendations on how to report the findings from these. We introduce some basic EBM concepts, the PICO model, thoughts on study design, and emphasize the concept of reporting standards. There are many study-specific reporting guidelines available, and we provide an overview of these. However, existing reporting guidelines perhaps do not always fit tumor pathology research papers, and so here we collate the key reporting dataset together into one generic checklist that we think will simplify the task for pathologists. The article aims to complement our recent Hierarchy of Evidence for Tumor Pathology and Glossary of Evidence (study) Types in tumor pathology. Together, these articles should help any researcher get to grips with the basics of EBM for planning and publishing research in tumor pathology, as well as encourage an improved standard of the reports available to us all in the literature.

고교학점제에서 과학 선택 과목의 경향성 분석

Objectives This study investigated and analyzed the tendency of students to choose subjects and the tendency of chemical academic achievement according to science subject selection in the high school credit system. Methods For six months, from March to August 2020, 339 sophomores of S High School located in Gyeongnam were surveyed and analyzed for their perception of subject selection. Among them, a questionnaire was devel-oped to find out the perception of the content of chemistry subjects, and a questionnaire was conducted on 78 people who agreed to participate in the study. In order to analyze the tendency of chemical academic achievement according to science subject selection in the high school credit system, descriptive statistics, cross-analysis, and nonparametric tests were performed with the SPSS 28 program. Results Students selected many of the science elective subjects in the order of 'Chem-Phys-Bio,' 'Chem-Phys-Earth,' and 'Chem-Bio-Earth.' In the content and concept of the Chemistry I subject, students were found to have difficulty understanding concepts such as 'mole,' 'chemical reaction formula,' 'orbital,' etc., and the 'Chem-Phys-Earth' subject group was found to have the most difficulty in understanding the concept of 'mole.' In addition, in the comparison of achievement by elective subject group, the 'Chem-Phys-Bio' subject group showed the highest chemical academic achievement and the 'Chem-Phys-Earth' subject group showed the low-est achievement. Conclusions In the high school credit system, students chose the Science I course independently, but many stu-dents were found to have insufficient understanding of the basic concept of Chemistry I. Therefore, in terms of understanding the concept of chemistry, it is essential to design a teaching-learning process by level so that stu-dents can better understand the basic concept of Chemistry I in the high school credit system.

Impact of the place of lightwave in secondary school curricula on conceptual understanding of their basic concepts: a moroccan case study

We aim to highlight the importance of using Huygens’ geometric model when instructing high school students about light. To achieve this, we conducted a research study on teaching lightwaves in Morocco’s secondary schools. We investigated how the place of the lightwave in this teaching affects understanding its basic concepts. We carried out a two-dimensional analysis to examine the place of the lightwave in the high school physics curriculum. We administered a test to assess the conceptual understanding of secondary school and university students. The analysis of the curricula revealed several shortcomings in the teaching of geometrical and wave optics. Furthermore, the assessment of conceptual understanding revealed that a significant proportion of students have misconceptions about the wave concepts of lightwaves and that these misconceptions persist throughout their higher education.

Anaemia in Diabetes Mellitus

Anaemia in Diabetes Mellitus should be addressed properly. Because, anaemia in this immunocompromised state may deteriorate the physical status of this group of patients. Multiple factors have been found to be associated with anemia in Diabetes mellitus. This review article contains basic and updated concepts as well as recent studies regarding anaemia with diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35: 118-121

The Application of Game Theory in Engineering Project Management

The coexistence of conflict of interest and cooperation are two of the most significant characteristics in the process of construction project management. To maximize their interests, all parties involve and restrict each other in the process of management, resulting in the phenomenon of information asymmetry between Party A and Party B, passive slacking of contractors, project quality defects, and project claims in the process of project management. By applying game theory to the construction of engineering projects, it can facilitate managers from all parties to choose better decisions, thereby further improving the level of engineering management and expanding their own profits. Starting from the basic concepts of game theory and engineering project management, this article focuses on three perspectives: project bidding stage, construction stage, and engineering claim stage. It analyzes the game between owners and contractors under incomplete information conditions and concludes that both parties should realize the sharing of information resources and strictly abide by the principle of engineering contract equality. Several suggestions related to engineering project management are also proposed.

Recent Advances for Aerial Object Detection: A Survey

Aerial object detection, as object detection in aerial images captured from an overhead perspective, has been widely applied in urban management, industrial inspection, and other aspects. However, the performance of existing aerial object detection algorithms is hindered by variations in object scales and orientations attributed to the aerial perspective. This survey presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in aerial object detection. We start with some basic concepts of aerial object detection and then summarize the five imbalance problems of aerial object detection, including scale imbalance, spatial imbalance, objective imbalance, semantic imbalance, and class imbalance. Moreover, we classify and analyze relevant methods and especially introduce the applications of aerial object detection in practical scenarios. Finally, the performance evaluation is presented on two popular aerial object detection datasets VisDrone-DET and DOTA, and we discuss several future directions that could facilitate the development of aerial object detection.

An STS analysis of a digital humanities collaboration: trading zones, boundary objects, and interactional expertise in the DECRYPT project

A widely shared recognition over the past decade is that the methodology and the basic concepts of science and technology studies (STS) can be used to analyze collaborations in the cross-disciplinary field of digital humanities (DH). The concepts of trading zones (Galison, 2010), boundary objects (Star and Griesemer, 1989), and interactional expertise (Collins and Evans, 2007) are particularly fruitful for describing projects in which researchers from massively different epistemic cultures (Knorr Cetina, 1999) are trying to develop a common language. The literature, however, primarily concentrates on examples where only two parties, historians and IT experts, work together. More exciting perspectives open up for analysis when more than two, more nuanced and different epistemic cultures seek a common language and common research goals. In the DECRYPT project funded by the Swedish Research Council, computational linguists, historians, computer scientists and AI experts, cryptologists, computer vision specialists, historical linguists, archivists, and philologists collaborate with strikingly different methodologies, publication patterns, and approaches. They develop and use common resources (including a database and a large collection of European historical texts) and tools (among others a code-breaking software, a hand-written text recognition tool for transcription), researching partly overlapping topics (handwritten historical ciphers and keys) to reach common goals. In this article, we aim to show how the STS concepts are illuminating when describing the mechanisms of the DECRYPT collaboration and shed some light on the best practices and challenges of a truly cross-disciplinary DH project.

Time-to-Event Endpoints in Imaging Biomarker Studies.

Time-to-event endpoints are widely used as measures of patients' well-being and indicators of prognosis. In imaging-based biomarker studies, there are increasingly more studies that focus on examining imaging biomarkers' prognostic or predictive utilities on those endpoints, whether in a trial or an observational study setting. In this educational review article, we briefly introduce some basic concepts of time-to-event endpoints and point out potential pitfalls in the context of imaging biomarker research in hope of improving radiologists' understanding of related subjects. Besides, we have included some review and discussions on the benefits of using time-to-event endpoints and considerations on selecting overall survival or progression-free survival for primary analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

The trouble with TESSOC: the coming crisis in British and allied military counterintelligence doctrine

ABSTRACT This article examines the evolution of UK military doctrine on counterintelligence (CI), one of the more consistently troubled aspects of military doctrine in general and intelligence doctrine in particular. We argue that current UK and NATO CI doctrine are in thrall to a deeply problematic defining concept in TESSOC (Terrorism, Espionage, Sabotage, Subversion and Organised Crime) that conflates an intractably diverse assortment of security threats under CI. Furthermore, TESSOC is the latest embodiment of a slow, century-long oscillation between two different basic concepts of CI. The first focuses purely on human threat vectors (referred to here as Human Threat CI or HTCI) while the latter entails a more comprehensive, all-source range of adversary technical and open as well as human source intelligence activities (designated Multidisciplinary CI or MDCI in US doctrine). That oscillation is driven largely by the balance between conventional and asymmetrical operations in defence priorities and recent campaign experience. TESSOC is a legacy of the recent, pre-Russo-Ukraine War emphasis on counterterrorism (CT) and counterinsurgency (COIN) operations. Consequently, UK and allied military counterintelligence doctrine are entering the second quarter of the 21st Century fundamentally ill-equipped to cope with strategic peers and their use of full-spectrum and hybrid strategies.

General characteristics of technologies, innovations in intellectual property law

In this work, we consider technologies, innovations and intellectual property rights. In the context of modern development of all spheres of human life, the concepts of «technology», «innovation» and «innovative technologies» are an integral aspect of the present. They play an important and key role in the competitiveness of not only individual enterprises and organizations, but also in law and economics in general, since innovative technologies are the basis for the positive development of society and the legal relations that arise in this regard, including legal relations in the field of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property is the result of intellectual and creative activity, which is formalized and grants the author or a person who is granted the right of ownership of the result by law, which is acquired, exercised and protected in accordance with the established procedure, rules and legally defined norms. It is the objects of intellectual property rights that are in clear interaction with technology and innovation. Detailed attention is paid to the essence and content of innovations and technologies in the field of intellectual activity, in particular in the production and change of characteristics of the relevant objects of intellectual property rights. The author focuses on the conceptual apparatus of such concepts as «innovation», «technology», «intellectual property», «intellectual property rights», and technology transfer. The modern national and foreign literature is analyzed with a view to defining the basic concepts of the study and their legislative consolidation. The author analyzes the features of technology transfer, in particular, it is established that innovative technologies are endowed with novelty, revolutionary nature, irreplaceability, uniqueness, and inevitability. The author establishes the interconnectedness of the content of «innovations» and «technologies» in relation to intellectual property rights, namely, directly to intellectual property objects, which are manifested by applying know-how or an invention to a specific result of intellectual activity in the production process.

Development prospects for production of filtration equipment in the Russian Federation at the present stage

The article examines the challenges caused by changes in the global situation that the production of filtration equipment faced. The equipment is used for the petrochemical complex. The article assesses prospects for technological independence in the petrochemical complex, including the auxiliary market of filtration and separation equipment. The article provides a statistical analysis of the indicators of the Russian filtration sector and analyses the applied filtration and separation methods in a comparative manner. To determine the prospects of companies producing the corresponding equipment and its individual structural elements, the method of situational analysis was used, with the help of which the features of products manufactured at the present stage that influence the development of business in this economic segment are identified. With the method of economic forecasting, the perspective position of domestic manufacturers in the filtration market was determined. With consideration to the modern developments in the field of industry management and to the given basic concepts used in the management of western companies, the possible ways of introduction of advanced managerial decisions were proposed. It is done in order to improve the position of domestic producers, to develop business and to switch to a new level of product improvement, process optimisation, continuous development of companies’ approaches, and thus respond quickly to the emerging challenges.

Heuristic algorithm for lot sizing and scheduling on identical parallel machines

In this paper a newly developed heuristic algorithm for lotsizing and scheduling on identical parallel machines is presented. A basic concept and an aim of lotsizing and scheduling are described and clarified. Furthermore, models for considered problems for fixed and variable demand as well as for one and many identical parallel machines are presented. A concept and a formal description of newly developed heuristic algorithm is described. The paper includes in details the obtained results and solutions of conducted experiments and the description of used data sets.

Assessing the Dynamics Leading to the Decline in Enrolment of Grade 10 Accounting Learners in Selected Secondary Schools in the Mthatha Education District of South Africa

The purpose of this research was to assess the dynamics leading to the decline in enrolment of grade 10 Accounting learners in selected secondary schools in the Mthatha Education District in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The case study research design was employed as this research focused only on grade 10 learners in secondary schools in Mthatha. The qualitative approach was adopted. The purposive sampling technique was used to select six grade 10 learners from six participating secondary schools. The face-to-face interviews were used to gather data from sampled six grade 10 Accounting learners. The Constructivist Theoretical Framework was adopted. The thematic approach was employed to analyse the collected data. It emerged that learners dropped interest in studying Accounting because they lack therein to have sufficient and relevant content knowledge resulting from incompletion of the syllabus and few basic Accounting concepts in Economic Management Sciences (EMS) subject. It was recommended that EMS teachers should complete the syllabus and add some Accounting concepts in their annual teaching plans (ATPs) to familiarise themselves with and enhance the learners’ desire to enrol in their higher classes. It was also recommended that Accounting teachers should adopt user-friendly teaching pedagogics as well as professionalism that could inspire and empower learners to master the subject content. Lastly, the curriculum planners should re-visit the EMS syllabus to ensure that it prepares the learners for Accounting in higher grades. The findings will be of benefit to all secondary schools in South Africa experiencing the decline in enrolment of learners in their subjects. Keywords: Accounting, Annual teaching plans, Decline enrolment, Economic and Management Sciences, Enrolment of learners, Secondary schools.

Genomic surveillance strategy. Problems and perspectives

The topic of epidemiologic surveillance is one of the basic concepts in the theory and practice of epidemiologic science. In Russia, generalization of the accumulated factual material and theoretical developments have allowed us to formulate a number of provisions on the nature of the epidemic process. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has forced adjustments in all spheres of society, including the activities of the infectious disease epidemiological surveillance system, requiring the development and implementation of innovative solutions. Based on the experience of prompt response to the tasks set by the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors raised the problem of development and implementation of a system of molecular genetic monitoring for pathogens of emerging and re-emerging infections as a priority vector of epidemiological surveillance development. The introduction of modern molecular biological technologies for the identification of pathogens with epidemic potential, taking into account their genetic diversity, into the system of epidemiologic surveillance has been substantiated based on the experience of using platform solutions created by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. The strategy of genomic epidemiologic surveillance as a powerful tool to ensure readiness for response measures and management of the epidemic process by implementing and adjusting preventive and anti-epidemic measures was developed. The Russian platform for aggregation of information on virus genomes (VGARus) developed at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor as a technological, scientific, organizational and infrastructural base of genomic epidemiological surveillance, acting as an interdepartmental consortium, has been introduced into practice. The efficiency of VGARus was shown to assess the mutational variability of SARS-CoV-2, the influence of evolutionary development of circulating pathogens on the characteristics of the epidemic process, the implementation of operational and retrospective analysis of morbidity and prediction of the spread of genetic variants of pathogens.

The Development of Creative Potential as a Condition for the Formation of the Competitiveness of the Future Specialist

Relevance. New requirements for the training of students in higher educational institutions are that acquiring only specialized professional knowledge is no longer sufficient for a future competitive specialist. It is necessary to develop such individual abilities that significantly reveal his individuality and creative potential.Goal of the work. To determine pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of the creative potential of future specialists as a factor in the formation of their competitiveness.Objectives of the research: Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, to find out the essence and content of the basic concepts of the study “personal competitiveness,” creative potential”; to justify the pedagogical conditions for the development of the creative potential of future specialists in the sociocultural space of higher education.Methodology. During the scientific search, the following research methods were used: systemic, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, comparison.Results. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the concept of individual competitiveness is defined as a necessary set of professional and personal qualities that contribute to the possession of competitive advantages in current sociocultural conditions. The pedagogical conditions for the development of creative potential are determined as conditions for the formation of the competitiveness of a future specialist.Conclusions. Preparation for identifying and developing creative potential is possible provided that a creative learning environment is created that stimulates students' creative activity and students' motivation for creative activity.

Multi-Modal Prehabilitation in Thoracic Surgery: From Basic Concepts to Practical Modalities

Over the last two decades, the invasiveness of thoracic surgery has decreased along with technological advances and better diagnostic tools, whereas the patient’s comorbidities and frailty patterns have increased, as well as the number of early cancer stages that could benefit from curative resection. Poor aerobic fitness, nutritional defects, sarcopenia and “toxic” behaviors such as sedentary behavior, smoking and alcohol consumption are modifiable risk factors for major postoperative complications. The process of enhancing patients’ physiological reserve in anticipation for surgery is referred to as prehabilitation. Components of prehabilitation programs include optimization of medical treatment, prescription of structured exercise program, correction of nutritional deficits and patient’s education to adopt healthier behaviors. All patients may benefit from prehabilitation, which is part of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs. Faster functional recovery is expected in low-risk patients, whereas better clinical outcome and shorter hospital stay have been demonstrated in higher risk and physically unfit patients.

Political Skill of Employees Working in Halal Concept Hotels and A Research

The ability to manage relationships between individuals on a sensible basis depends on mutual understanding and management of this process. One of the basic concepts that explains this relationship is political skill. The fact that both guests and employees represent a certain profile in halal concept hotels will increase the need for political skills. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the political skill levels of the employees in halal concept hotels and reveal whether employees’ political skill levels differ in the context of different demographic characteristics. Using a questionnaire, the research data were collected from 278 employees working in halal concept hotels operating in Istanbul. The findings revealed that the general political skill levels of the employees are high, and the highest political skill dimension is apparent sincerity. In addition, it was determined that there are differences in terms of age, marital status, educational status and professional experience dimensions according to the demographic characteristics of employees. The findings are discussed in the last part of the study, and suggestions for future research are presented.

Nonprofit risk management extends well beyond financial threats, experts say

Nonprofit boards are likely familiar with the basic concept of risk management, and how it involves them as board members. Put simply, risk management is the process for investigating, assessing and responding to the various risks that may impact the organization.

Identification of learning dificulties and factors causing learning difficulties in online lectures on basic biology concepts

This study aims to identifying learning difficulties from reviewing material and factors causing learning difficulties faced by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education study program in online lectures basic concepts of biology. The research particiants were 80 third-semester in 2021/2022 academic year. The research method used quantitative. The data collection technique in this study is a survey technique. The research instrument is a questionnaires were made to collect student data regarding learning difficulties in basic concepts of biology and the factors that cause student learning difficulties. Questionnaires were given to students via a google form. The data analyzed by descriptive statistics and used as reference data to determine the learning difficulties faced by students in the form of subject matter, internal and external factors causing learning difficulties. The results showed: a) In online lectures on basic concepts of biology, the material that students consider the most difficult is genetics, b) Internal factors that cause learning difficulties are lack of preparation before lectures, too much memorization, lack of self-motivation, physical tiredness, and laziness to read the material, c) External factors that cause students’ learning difficulties in basic biology concepts lectures, namely lectures resources and materials, lecture facilities, lecture strategies, lecture environment, and lecture hours.