Knowledge Of Basic Concepts Research Articles

The prevalence of relational basic concepts on core vocabulary lists for AAC: is frequency enough?

The selection of appropriate vocabulary is a crucial and challenging aspect of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. Core vocabulary lists are frequently used to support vocabulary selection for children who require AAC. A vocabulary domain that has garnered limited attention within the AAC literature is relational basic concepts (RBCs). RBCs describe relationships between objects, persons, or situations, and play a pivotal role in language development, communication, and academic success. For the present study, we created a list of 156 RBCs, drawing primarily from assessments that measure basic concept knowledge in preschool and early elementary school students. We examined the overlap of these words on nine core vocabulary lists. We found that most concepts were not represented on any core lists. Additionally, there was relatively little overlap of RBCs between the core lists. These findings suggest that vocabulary selection resources created using exclusively a core vocabulary approach may have limited utility for identifying many concepts that preschool and early elementary students are expected to know and use. Implications for AAC research and practice are discussed with emphasis on the need for further consideration of RBCs within vocabulary selection practice and the field of AAC at large.

On the need to adjust indicators in rankings examining the implementation of sustainability concepts at universities

The purpose of this article is to propose additional criteria in popular UI GreenMetric ranking, which examines a university's commitment to sustainability issues. These criteria relate to knowledge of basic concepts related to the circular economy. Sustainable development (SD) and circular economy (CE) are increasingly influencing social, economic and political life in many countries, including Poland. Many SD measures are introduced top-down, through regulations. Grassroots initiatives are also very important, including those based on popularizing the idea of CE, including through rankings. Currently, however, the rankings mainly count the initiatives undertaken by university authorities, student involvement is not very important. The publication analyzes selected secondary and own research in the field of CE knowledge and recognizes the research gap of lack of systematic analysis in this area. An opportunity for improvement in this area may be to supplement the ranking with verification of basic concepts related to SD and CE. Basic information on the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as education for SD was presented based on current literature. Then the results of a survey on knowledge and attitudes about CE were presented. Additional criteria in the existing ranking, related to the dissemination of knowledge about SD and CE, were proposed. The analysis concluded that education about CE should take place at the university level in all fields of study, not only those related to natural sciences or economics. It is also important to involve the student community in popularizing these concepts.

Exploration of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Perceptions towards Secondary School Science Curriculum

This study aims to put forth how and to what degree pre-service science teachers can practice 2018 Secondary School Science Curriculum (SSSC). The study employs an illustrative case study design. Identified through purposive sampling, the participants of the study consist of 28 senior pre-service teachers studying at science teaching program at an education faculty. Document analysis, semi-structured observation form and researcher’s journal were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are some mismatches between the contents of 2018 SSSC and prospective teachers’ practices. It was found out that prospective teachers have deficiencies in the areas of using materials that fit with subjects, using evaluation methods in line with learning outcomes, making use of instructional technologies, knowledge of instructional approaches, methods and techniques, and stating lesson plan clearly. On the other hand, the pre-service teachers have positive behaviours regarding relating the subject with previous and subsequent lessons, securing the learning environment, relating the subject with other subjects in the field and knowledge of basic concepts of the subject.

Awareness of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation amongst Interns and Resident Doctors: A Cross Sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Background: Knowledge of basic and advanced cardiac life support is of paramount significance amongst health care professionals to attain higher survival rate of patients suffering from sudden cardiac death. Objectives: To determine the awareness and knowledge for performing high quality CPR amongst junior resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, 220 preformed questionnaires were distributed amongst the interns, postgraduate and non-postgraduate junior resident and senior resident doctors, with a response rate of 69% (n-152). Data on the responders awareness of cardipulmonary resuscitation (CPR), core knowledge of basic life supoort (BLS) and advanced cardiac life supoort (ACLS) were collected. Data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using SPSS version 23.0 and was expressed as mean ± standard deviation or in percentage. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: Among the 152 responders, 31(20%) were interns, 74(49%) were postgraduate course junior residents (PG JR), 7(5%) were non- post-graduate course (Non-PG JR) and 40 (26%) were senior resident (SR) doctors. Only 24% (n-36) of doctors have done previous certified CPR training course. The awareness of resuscitation amongst all doctors was 71% and observed highest amongst the PG JRs 73%. The core knowledge of BLS and ACLS was only 47% and 44% respectively, amongst all doctors. Conclusion: Majority of resident doctors have limited knowledge of basic concept of BLS and ACLS guidelines. A well structured and evidence based format of CPR training should be incorporated in training modules for better outcome.

STUDENTS’ FUNDRAISING PROJECTS IN THE SYSTEM OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The need for the development and content of students’ fundraising projects in the system of social workers professional training is substantiated. Based on the analysis of educational programs in the field 231 Social work (BSW and MSW), a conclusion is formulated on the lack of subjects on social fundraising in the content of social workers training. The basic principles, ethical requirements and essence of fundraising activity of social workers in the field of social protection of various groups of clients are defined. It is concluded that this activity requires specially formed professional knowledge and skills of a fundraiser, as well as developed personal qualities of a specialist capable to affect the volume, complex, algorithm of providing these resources in the planning, implementation and reporting of a social project. The content of knowledge, skills and abilities of social workers on fundraising design is clarified. The procedure and algorithm for students to develop educational projects in the process of studying the subject «Social Fundraising» (idea formulation, budget design, communication with donors, project implementation, reporting) are presented. The scope of knowledge, skills (informational, operational, design, reflective) and soft skills in the process of development of students' fundraising competence is characterized. Examples of tasks on practical classes on social fundraising are given. Tasks are aimed at forming students' theoretical knowledge of the course «Social Fundraising» (knowledge of basic concepts, principles and ethical norms of fundraising activities in the social sphere), as well as practical skills (development of fundraising projects related to socially vulnerable segments of the population; opinions on the feasibility of implementing a social project in the local or global dimension, creating a database of potential donors of a social project, developing a budget and chronology of the project, organizing appropriate communications with potential donors, etc.).

Financial literacy and retirement planning in Ghana

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of financial literacy on savings and retirement planning in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses primary data collected from a sample of formal sector workers and probit models, to assess how financial literacy affects retirement planning.FindingsThe empirical analysis of this study shows that most individuals lack knowledge of basic concepts of finance. This study finds that only about 27% of respondents were able to correctly answer three simple questions on inflation, interest compounding and risk diversification. Generally, the young, the old, women, low-income earners and the less educated perform worst on financial literacy measures. Also, financial literacy has a positive significant impact on the probability of saving for retirement.Practical implicationsThe low level of financial literacy observed should be of concern to policymakers. Evidently, concrete measures are required to strengthen the knowledge of particularly those in the vulnerable groups such as the young, the old, women, low-income earners and the less educated, in order to enable them to prepare adequately for retirement.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the scant financial literacy and financial behavior literature in developing countries such as Ghana.

CONCEPTUAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF AVARANA: A REVIEW

Avarana is a unique concept in Ayurveda. Avarana is the route along which the pathogenesis of many diseases’ proceeds. To understand and analyse the avarana, meticulous knowledge of basic concept of avarana is essential. There are so many conditions which mimic avarana. It is either least observed, diagnosed or goes unidentified due to lack of skill. While managing many vata diseases, the usual management protocol may not work as expected. Here we must incorporate other concepts like avarana, anubandha dosha etc for better results. So, this article is trying to enlighten the views regarding avarana and to incorporate in our day-to-day practice.

Why Are You So Thin? Exploring Individual and Household Level Factors of Adolescent Girls’ Food Consumption in Rural Bauchi, Northern Nigeria

Abstract Objectives Bauchi State has the second highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (13%) among girls and women in Nigeria. Individual and household-level factors that may influence the food consumption of rural adolescent girls were explored in six local government areas of Bauchi State in Northern Nigeria. Methods Focus group discussions were used to collect data from unmarried girls (11–16 years). Each of the six discussions had eight participants. Discussions were conducted in the Hausa language, tape recorded by skilled interviewers, transcribed, translated into English and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Emerging themes from this study included age at marriage, knowledge of basic nutrition concepts, foods perceived as nourishing for girls and women, food preferences of adolescent girls, and gender inequities in household access to food. Intended and actual ages at marriage overlapped significantly and ranged from 13–20 years. The concern about not finding a husband after a certain age, and a desire to be independent of parents were common reasons for early marriage. The knowledge of basic concepts in nutrition including types of nutrients and food groups was minimal. When asked what foods were perceived to be nourishing for women and girls, participants mentioned cereals mostly, a few plant and animal protein foods, but also ultra-processed foods and drinks. In order of taste preference, adolescent girls chose cereal foods, ultra-processed foods, animal source foods, legumes, tubers and vegetables. Rice and pasta were the most preferred food items, while fruit and dairy products were not mentioned. Prevailing limited access to animal source foods was attributed to large household size and financial constraints. All participants reported receiving smaller food portions than their adolescent male siblings. Perceived reasons for this disparity include the contribution of boys to farm labor and household income, gender stereotypes (“just because they are boys”), and their larger body frames and appetites. Some believed that boys needed more food for energy in order to impregnate girls. Conclusions Early marriage, poor nutrition knowledge and disparities in access to food may influence food consumption and, thus, contribute to poor nutritional status in adolescent girls in Bauchi State. Funding Sources Oxfam LINE Project, Bauchi funded the study.

Focus group interview as a research method in the development of the e-learning in suicide prevention for students in poland

Project ELLIPSE (E-LifeLong Learning in Prevention of Suicide in Europe) was developed in response to need for preventive suicide programs. It was noticed that it is important for academic teachers and students, especially those who teach and study in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, sociology or those related to the media. The goal is creating an e-learning platform for students and teachers on suicide prevention along with a textbook and a free self-help application. For this purpose the milestone was the conducting of the focus group interviews in Poland. Participants were recruited from the above mentioned groups (students and professionals). The objectives of this part of the project were among others: raising awareness of the problem of suicide and prevention, giving good examples on suicide prevention in working life, preparation of a program proposal for e-learning content. Students interest in the problems of suicidology was high and they comes optimistic to the idea of prevention, they want to know especially about how to help somebody, how to talk and not to harm people and something more in their future profession. Only theoretical approach will be not enough for them, the rules of how to NOT react, will not be interesting because they know something about it. They showed a knowledge of basic concepts, extensive and multi-context knowledge of causes and warning signals and great understanding for suicides of all ages. However, they themselves were uncertain how to help such a person, and showed poor recognition of institutional help.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

When Bioethics Is Too Narrow – The Relevance of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education

What do these terms have in common? Drapetomania Female hysteria Homosexuality Sluggish schizophrenia If you guessed “former medical conditions that were used to pathologize socially-undesirable persons and their behaviors”, you are correct! Drapetomania was described as a mental illness that caused African-American slaves to run away. Female hysteria was first noted in the second millennium BCE and was subsequently used to institutionalize women. Sluggish schizophrenia was used to subjugate political dissidents in the USSR, and homosexuality is one of the more recent “disorders” to undergo depathologization. These diseases, of course, are now obsolete or exist as behaviors that are widely accepted in western society. So why do they matter? In a sentence – the medical profession exists to treat disease. The corollary – to treat disease, we must first determine what disease is. The historical legacies of medicine are riddled with abuses of human rights stemming from treatment of conditions that were not diseases at all. Today’s medical students will go on to discover and classify new diseases, and competency with theories that conceptualize disease and illness are an educational imperative. Clinical bioethics, in particular, often takes for granted terms such as ‘disease’, ‘illness’, and ‘health’. Knowledge of basic abstract concepts within philosophy of medicine should be foundational, rather than tangential, to medical school humanities curricula. Naturalistic and normative theories comprise the major types of disease-conceptualizing theories. Normative theories aim to define disease in terms of value judgments, often taking the form of ‘X condition is a disease because it is bad for the person who has it’. Theories differ in their assessment of why the condition is bad (that is, they differ in their value judgements). Naturalistic theories aim to define disease without the use of value judgements. This is typically achieved through appeal to deviance from statistical and/or evolutionary function. Each type of theory has its own strengths and limitations, and couching this discussion in terms of historical nosology lends itself to critical examination of pathologization within medicine. Integrating these ideas in medical school curricula will enrich students’ understanding of disease, and may mitigate diagnoses that historically harmed patients.

What does entrepreneurship education look like in Brazil? An analysis of undergraduate teaching plans

PurposeThis paper aimed to describe and analyze the contents and methodologies of entrepreneurship education in undergraduate courses in higher education institutions in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe teaching plans of 113 undergraduate entrepreneurship courses were surveyed and reviewed. Data were subjected to descriptive and content analyses.FindingsCourses are offered by public and private universities in Brazil in 56 undergraduate programs in several fields. Lectures are among the main teaching methodologies employed, being mentioned in 98% of the teaching plans analyzed. There is a broad use of active methodologies. About 75% of the contents covered in the courses refer to declarative knowledge of basic concepts and theories and enterprises creation and management skills. The survey showed that 50% of the teaching plans addressed content related to business modeling, and only 18% of these mentioned the use of business model canvas. In addition, contents such as prototyping, minimum viable product, design thinking and pitch are mentioned in less than 20% of the teaching plans analyzed.Originality/valueThe article contributes to the advancement of the entrepreneurship education theory as it presents a new way to classify the contents of entrepreneurship courses, in light of educational theories, using learning taxonomies. It identifies the main contents, resources, methodologies, evaluation methods and bibliographies used in undergraduate entrepreneurship courses in Brazil. Moreover, it is the very first article that analyzes this number of teaching plans in Brazil with these categories of analysis. In practical terms, the article contributes to improve the entrepreneurship courses offered.

Language Environments and Spoken Language Development of Children With Hearing Loss.

This study examined the relationships between adult language input and child language production in regard to the quantity and diversity of spoken language, as well as children's knowledge of basic concepts and vocabulary. The quantity and diversity of language provided by teachers and parents were related to children's language output and knowledge. Language ENvironment Analysis technology audio-recorded the language environments of 26 preschool children with hearing loss over 2 days. The language samples were analyzed for quantity (adult word count, child vocalization count, and conversational turn count) and diversity (lexical diversity, syntactical complexity, and clausal complexity) of language. Results indicated a relationship between adult language input and child language production, but only in regard to the quantity of language. Significant differences between the teachers and parents were reported in regard to the diversity of adult language input. These results suggest that the language input provided by adults across environments (school versus home) is considerably different and warrants further investigation.

Nanoscale Self-Assembly for Therapeutic Delivery.

Self-assembly is the process of association of individual units of a material into highly arranged/ordered structures/patterns. It imparts unique properties to both inorganic and organic structures, so generated, via non-covalent interactions. Currently, self-assembled nanomaterials are finding a wide variety of applications in the area of nanotechnology, imaging techniques, biosensors, biomedical sciences, etc., due to its simplicity, spontaneity, scalability, versatility, and inexpensiveness. Self-assembly of amphiphiles into nanostructures (micelles, vesicles, and hydrogels) happens due to various physical interactions. Recent advancements in the area of drug delivery have opened up newer avenues to develop novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) and self-assembled nanostructures have shown their tremendous potential to be used as facile and efficient materials for this purpose. The main objective of the projected review is to provide readers a concise and straightforward knowledge of basic concepts of supramolecular self-assembly process and how these highly functionalized and efficient nanomaterials can be useful in biomedical applications. Approaches for the self-assembly have been discussed for the fabrication of nanostructures. Advantages and limitations of these systems along with the parameters that are to be taken into consideration while designing a therapeutic delivery vehicle have also been outlined. In this review, various macro- and small-molecule-based systems have been elaborated. Besides, a section on DNA nanostructures as intelligent materials for future applications is also included.

METHODOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The whole teaching system is based on various principles. The paper deals with the presentation of methodological and pedagogical principles, which are considered to be an important indicator of how the teaching is organized and how successful students are during foreign language learning. Foreign language teaching, having in mind the Russian language, cannot be created without fundamental theoretical framework, such as the knowledge of basic concepts and principles of teaching, psychology of language acquisition, conscious choice of language means and practical forms of teaching [1, p. 13]. Some suggestions how to make Russian language learning for Croatian students better regarding the methodological and pedagogical principles are presented in the work

Is gene editing an acceptable alternative to castration in pigs?

Male piglets are commonly castrated to eliminate the risk of boar taint. Surgical castration is the commonly used procedure and is known to induce pain. Gene modification targeted at eliminating boar taint in male pigs has been proposed as a possible alternative to surgical castration. The aims of this study were to explore public acceptability of this biotechnology using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data to assess acceptability of 570 participants from southern Brazil were analysed with multinomial logistic regression models and Spearman correlations; qualitative responses of the reasons provided in support of their position were coded into themes. Just over half of the participants (56%) considered gene modification of male pigs acceptable. Acceptability was lower among participants who grew up in an agricultural environment (ρ = 0.02), but was not influenced by sex, age, religion, urban or rural living, or level of education. Acceptability of gene modification of male pigs as an alternative to surgical castration was positively related to the perception of benefits (r = -0.56, ρ<0.0001) and negatively related to the participant’s perception of risks (r = -0.35, ρ<0.0001). Acceptability was not related to knowledge of basic concepts of genetic biotechnologies (r = 0.06, ρ<0.14), or to awareness of issues related to pig castration or boar taint (r = 0.03, ρ<0.44), both of which were low among participants. Participants that considered gene modification of pigs acceptable justified their position using arguments that it improved animal welfare. In contrast, those that were not in favour were generally opposed to genetic modification. Unforeseen downstream consequences of using genetic modification in this manner was a major concern raised by over 80% of participants. Our findings suggest that perceived animal welfare may encourage public support of gene editing of food animals. However, potential risks of the technology need to be addressed and conveyed to the public, as many participants requested clarification of such risks as a condition for support.

Teaching Note—Preparing Doctoral Students to Confront the Grand Challenges: Strengthening Baseline Statistical Skills

ABSTRACTWe describe a statistical seminar designed to provide a common foundation in core statistical concepts among all students as they enter a social work PhD program. Student feedback surveys assessed students’ statistics preparation prior to entering the program, and pre- and posttests were compared for increases in statistical knowledge. Nearly half (42.1%) reported no prior statistics training, and exposure to IBM SPSS Statistics software was low (M=1.54 out of 5, SD=1.38). Students showed significant gains in posttest knowledge. Findings suggest substantial variability in students’ statistical preparedness, and for many, knowledge of basic concepts is rudimentary. Such a seminar may allow programs to begin with more advanced quantitative course work and move to increasingly more complex topics over time (e.g., multilevel modeling).

Evaluación del logro de la competencias básicas en el laboratorio de Química General

&lt;span&gt;The aim of this work is to evaluate the degree of competence acquired by the students in the laboratory of the General Chemistry course (for students not necessarily majoring in Chemistry) offered by the Institute of Chemistry. Given that this course is a prerequisite for Organic Chemistry and Analytic Chemistry, we consider that it is important to verify that the students, upon fmishing the course, have gained the basic skills expected of them. These abilities include the handling and use of materials, instruments, and chemicals as well as the knowledge of basic concepts in mathematics and chemistry.&lt;/span&gt;

An approach to the clinical manifestation of Rupavriddhi Rupahani Rupantara in Avarana

Ayurveda believes in different pathology which sets in different Srotas to produce different diseases. Whenever a favorable condition and situation arise, diseases will manifest. Nanatmaja Vikara, Anubandha, Gatavata and Avarana are different pathologies explained in Ayurveda. Avarana is one of the most difficult concept to understand teach and incorporate in clinical practice. It is either least observed, diagnosed or goes unidentified due to lack of skill. To understand and analyze the Avarana, Meticulous knowledge of basic concept of Ayurveda is essential. It is assumed that symptoms complex in Avarana leads to misunderstanding, wrong diagnosis and sometimes end with complications. The symptoms produced in Avarana are based on the principles of Rupahani (Karmakshaya), Rupavriddi (Karmavriddhi) and Rupantara (Anya Karma). The present article is an attempt made to have a critical clinical study of role of Avarana in the manifestation of Rupavriddhi, Rupahani, Rupantara.

ABC on IBC

This is a tutorial introducing basic concepts of Information-Based Complexity (IBC) with the emphasis on tractability of multivariate problems. IBC deals with the complexity of computing approximate solutions of continuous problems. No prior knowledge of IBC is required from the reader, however, some knowledge of basic concepts of functional analysis and measure theory will be very helpful.This text is based on tutorials delivered by the author during the workshop “IBC-Paris 2017: Information-Based Complexity, High-Dimensional Problems” in Paris, March 2017, and the mini-semester at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute “Information-Based Complexity and Tractability of Multivariate Problems” in Vienna, September–October 2017.

The Impact of Language Input on Deaf and Hard of Hearing Preschool Children Who Use Listening and Spoken Language.

The researchers investigated the effects of adult language input on the quantity of language, vocabulary development, and understanding of basic concepts of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children who used listening and spoken language. Using audio recording and Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) software, the study involved 30 preschool DHH children who used spoken language as their communication modality and 11 typically hearing same-age peers. The children's language and the language spoken to them during all waking hours over a 2-day period (16 hours per day) were recorded and analyzed quantitatively and were compared to the children's performance on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The results highlight the relationship between the quantity of adult language and the language, vocabulary, and basic concept knowledge of DHH preschool children who use listening and spoken language.