Basis Of Clinical Examination Research Articles

Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome in the Elderly: Immunosuppressive Treatment – Case Report

Pulmonary-renal syndrome is called alveolar hemorrhage accompanied by glomerulonephritis. The above condition can occur as a manifestation of ANCA-associated granulomatosis with vasculitis. The course of the disease varies from mild, limited inflammation to rapid progression with multi-organ changes that can be life-threatening. The mainstay of therapy is immunosuppression - both in the acute phase of the disease and after clinical improvement. Unfortunately, common causes of death in addition to complications of the disease include side effects of immunosuppressive treatment. A 72-year-old man is transferred to the Nephrology Unit for acute kidney injury of unclear etiology. On the basis of clinical examination, laboratory and imaging studies, a diagnosis of systemic small vessel inflammation with c-ANCA occupying the kidneys, lungs and intestines was made. Due to acute respiratory failure, the patient was transferred to the ICU, where renal replacement therapy, plasmapheresis, steroid pulses and cyclophosphamide were administered. After clinical improvement, it was decided to continue cyclophosphamide therapy and monitor blood IgG levels. Unfortunately, 4 months later, the patient died of multiple organ failure caused by septic shock of bacterial etiology. In the described case, age and comorbidities were the biggest risk factors for infectious complications of immunosuppression. The population is aging, so it is necessary to analyze the current standards of immunosuppressive treatment to improve the prognosis of the elderly.

Quality of sleep among hypertensive patients attending a rural health training centre.

Sleep is a vital biological, reparative, and restorative phenomenon, and poor sleep has a serious detrimental effect on health. Poor sleep quality is a serious problem as it adversely affects a person's ability to function physically and socially, as well as their potential for profession and quality of life. The degree of hypertension directly affects sleep quality, and poor sleep can exacerbate hypertensive symptoms. This study assesses hypertension patients' sleep quality in a rural health training centre in Chennai. 1. To study the prevalence of poor sleep quality among hypertensive patients. 2. To determine the association between selected socio-demographic factors and sleep quality among these patients. Hypertensives attending the outpatient department of a rural health and training centre were selected in a systematic manner and administered a semi-structured interview schedule and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire followed by a basic clinical examination. Using the PSQI, they were categorised as having either poor or good sleep quality and the association between selected socio-demographic factors and sleep quality was assessed. Out of the 179 study participants, there were almost equal numbers of male and female participants. The mean age of participants was 57.80 years (standard deviation (SD) = 9.8 yrs.). Among the study participants, 44.13% had completed secondary level of school as an education qualification and 6.70% were illiterate. By the modified BG Prasad classification 2022, most of the study participants (34.08%) came under the class II socioeconomic classification. A large proportion (78.8%) of study participants had poor sleep quality. The difference in sleep quality was observed with respect to gender, socio-economic class, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI). This observational study shows that individuals with hypertension suffer significantly from poor sleep. A poor quality of sleep was reported by 78.77% of the patients in this study. Statistically significant factors that influenced sleep quality were gender, alcohol consumption and BMI.

Usage of Fluoridated toothpaste in children and Fluorosis of permanent teeth

Objective: To determine the usage of fluoridated toothpaste in children and the presence of fluorosis in permanent teeth. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: This study was undertaken in Hayatabad Model School Hayatabad Peshawar, from 1st March, 2022 to 31st October, 2022. Methodology: Eighty (N=80) school going children of both genders from 11-16 years age with healthy and vital teeth were included in this study. Children with chronic diseases were excluded from this study. Ingestion of childhood fluoride toothpaste and degree of fluorosis was recorded by using a questionnaire. Fluorosis was graded on basis of clinical examination by Dean Index. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation whereas categorical variables were mentioned as numbers and percentages. Results: Mean age of children was 13.15 with 71.25% females (n=57) and 28.75% (n=23) males. 40.6% children (n=65) had dental fluorosis. Majority of children had mild fluorosis 65% (n=52), followed by moderate fluorosis (12.5%, n=10) and severe fluorosis (3.8%, n=3). 36.3% of the children ingested toothpaste in their early childhood (n=29) whereas 63.7% did not ingest tooth paste (n=51). Conclusion: Dental fluorosis is more common in those children who have a history of ingestion of fluoride tooth paste in their childhood. Keywords: Dental Fluorosis, Fluoride, Dental Caries, Dean Index, Childhood, Tooth Paste, Community Water Fluoridation.

Jaws of knowledge: an analysis of temporomandibular joint insights in dental training-a quasi-experiment study.

To access the knowledge of undergraduate and postgraduate students of the dental college on basic anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, and pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A total of 610 undergraduate and postgraduate students of dental college, were included in this study. The questionnaire was pretested for validation and distributed online through Google forms. A pairwise comparison showed that the percentage of correct answers for interns significantly differed from that of IV Bachelor of Dental Surgery (P=0.050) and postgraduate students (P=0.048) (below average: up to 6 correct answers, good: 7-11 correct answers, excellent: 12 or more correct answers). TMJ diseases are common in daily life but frequently go undiagnosed and untreated due to a lack of clinical expertise. This demonstrates the necessity of providing instructions that give students in-depth knowledge and abilities for TMJ issues in clinical practice.

Exploration of Teaching Styles in a Digestive System Integration Course

Purpose: To explore the innovation of teaching methods in digestive system courses and its application effect in the context of curriculum integration. Methods: 60 undergraduate majors of digestive system diseases in the class of 2023 (orientation) of our hospital were divided into 30 students each in the general class and the experimental class using the random grouping method. The general class adopted the case-based learning (CBL) teaching mode, and the experimental class adopted the integrated course mode of CBL + “organ-systems-based curriculum” (OSBC). The teaching effects of the two classes were compared through basic theory and clinical five-station examination. Results: The differences in the basic theory scores and excellence rates of the students in the experimental class were significant (P < 0.05); the clinical 5-station examination suggested that there was no statistical significance in the physical examination of the two classes (P > 0.05); and the differences in the scores of the clinical questioning, case writing, auxiliary examination, and oral examination of the two classes were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The teaching method based on CBL + OSBC integrated course is effective in the teaching reform of the digestive system course and has popularization value.

STATE OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN EDUCATIONAL AND REHABILITATION CENTERS

Assessment of periodontal tissues state in children from educational and rehabilitation centers aimed at further monitoring and development of therapeutic and preventive measures is an urgent task of modern dentistry.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the periodontal tissues state in children from educational and rehabilitation centers (ERC).
 Research material and methods: 182 children aged 7 to 15 from communal institutions of the Lviv Re-
 gional Council (CI LRC) and 165 children of the same age from the secondary schools (comparison group) have been examined. The periodontal tissues state was assessed on the basis of clinical examination, the Schiller-Pysarev’s test and the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index (PMA) (Parma, 1960).
 Research results and their discussion: It was established that chronic catarrhal gingivitis was found in the average of 71,68±4,25% of children aged 7-15 years from the ERC, which is significantly higher than the children of the comparison group – 46,75±3,51% (р<0,001). With age, the prevalence of CCG increases and in the age group of 10-12 years, accounting on average for 81,53±7,28%, which is by 1,7 times higher than in children of the comparison group (р<0,001). In children aged 13-15 years, the frequency of CCG is by 1,4 times higher than that in children of the comparison group and by 1,2 times higher than that of children aged 7-9 years.
 The analysis of the results shows that in all age groups, the children from the ERC have a mild degree of CCG and, on average, accounted for 57,83±7,28%, which is by 1,4 times lower that in the comparison group (79,76±3,79%), and the average degree of CCG is much higher – 37,89±3,68%, respectively, in children of the comparison group (18,79±3,45% (р1<0,001, р2<0,001)). The significant prevalence of a severe degree of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children of 7-9 years old from ERC (8,33±3,25%) is revealed.
 Therefore, the findings of the study indicate a significant prevalence of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues of children from ERC, which must be taken into account in providing of dental care for children who are in such institutions, and should be actively implemented in treatment and prophylaxis measures to prevent the further development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues.

Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age-related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly

BackgroundThe elderly population is suffering from many mental health problems that are aggravated as a matter of age and cognitive decline is a serious one of them. The aim of the present work is to screen the cognitive performance among a sample of Egyptian elderly volunteers and to investigate the associated risk factors.ResultsA sample of 88 elderly volunteers from both genders was enrolled in the study according to the specified eligibility criteria after signing the approval consent. Medical history and socio-demographic data were collected from all participants in addition to basic clinical examination. Cognitive performance was assessed using the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) while the endogenous event-related potentials (ERP) was measured using P300. The inflammatory biomarkers; TNF-α and COX-2 levels were assessed in serum using ELISA technique in addition to gene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and CD-36 exploration using qRT-PCR. About half (51%) of the sample under investigation showed cognitive problems with scores on the 6-CIT exceeding the normal level. TNF-α serum levels showed positive correlation with P300 latency and correlated negatively with P300 reaction time. Furthermore, serum COX-2 levels correlated positively with P300 reaction time and negatively with P300 amplitude.ConclusionThe study population is showing early signs of cognitive decline that invites attention to the importance of spreading preventive measures against further deterioration. Inflammatory biomarkers under investigation and 6-CIT are suggested to be used in prediction of early stages of cognitive decline among the elderly population.

Revisiting pemphigus vulgaris: A case report and review of literature

Introduction: Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering mucocutaneous disease. Production of auto-antibodies against desmosomal glycoproteins is a characteristic feature of the disease. Oral lesions of pemphigus vulgaris are many a times first sign of the disease and hence it is important for a dentist to be familiar with the clinical appearance, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Case Report: This report describes a case of pemphigus vulgaris in a female patient who presented with ulcers on the gingiva. On the basis of clinical examination and histopathology, we arrived at a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Conclusion: If left undiagnosed or untreated pemphigus vulgaris may be fatal. Early diagnosis will aid in appropriate treatment and better outcome of the disease.

PANCHAKARMA THERAPY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJISTADHI KSHARA BASTI IN “1A-3N KALA-BASTI PATTERN” IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT): A CASE STUDY

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common vascular disease, after ischemic heart disease (IHD) and Stroke and it is a silent killer. It affects approximately 0.1% of total population per year. Various treatment mo-dalities and drugs of Western medicine such as Surgical interventions, Urokinase, Streptokinase or Tissue plas-minogen activators to dissolve the blood clots have their own limitations and side effects apart from being ex-pensive. The present case study deals with a 39-year-old male, cab driver by profession, who is used to long distance travel in car on daily basis and is obese in built, habituated to smoking 4-5 cigarettes a day, since 10-12 yrs., gradually developed pain and swelling of Right lower limb since 2months. On evaluation, Doppler Ultra-sonography of Right lower limb revealed Deep vein thrombosis of Right femoral vein (Upper and mid 1/3rd) & long Sephanous vein (proximal 1/3rd). In Ayurveda, based on the Clinical picture and signs and symptoms, the condition can be correlated to “Kapha-Medavrutha Vataraktha”. This case study is about management of DVT with multi-modality treatment in the form of Panchakarma procedures such as Jaloukavacharana, Kashaya dhara, Alepana, Udwartana, Manjistadhi Kshara vasti along with oral medications. Treatment has shown re-markable result especially in reduction of symptoms such as swelling, pain and heaviness. Assessment was done on the basis of clinical examination, signs and symptoms before and after the treatment.

Phenotypic characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: a single-center, retrospective study.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and follow-up data of children with different clinical phenotypes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The basic demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging examination results, and follow-up data of 74 Chinese children with different phenotypes of MOGAD were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The male-to-female ratio in this cohort was 1:1.39. The clinical phenotypes of MOGAD included acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; n = 37), encephalitis (n = 11), optic neuritis (ON, n = 9), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD; n = 9), transverse myelitis (TM; n = 6), leukodystrophy-like manifestations (n = 1), and meningitis (n = 1). The mean age of disease onset was 86 months. The number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ADEM was significantly higher than that in patients with ON but lower than that in patients with TM (p < 0.05). The pathogen detection rate among all patients was 36.5%. Recurrence occurred in 17 patients (23%), with the highest recurrence rate in patients with NMOSD and TM. Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher median age than those without any recurrence (109.00 vs. 82.44 months, p < 0.05). The male-to-female ratio in patients with recurrence was 1:4.67, which differed significantly from that at first onset (p < 0.05). The most common clinical phenotypes of MOGAD in this cohort were ADEM and encephalitis. Recurrence of MOGAD may be related to age and sex, with a higher recurrence rate observed in females. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of the characteristics of different MOGAD phenotypes.

Sonographic Measurement of The Splenic Length in Adults and its Correlation with Different Parameters

Introduction: Splenic length is an important parameter for many splenic pathologies. Ultrasonography has been an efficient tool for the measurement of different splenic parameters including the splenic length. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the splenic length in healthy adults without any hematological, oncologic or traumatic condition and to correlate it with age, sex, height, weight, body surface area of the body.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 360 healthy subjects were included in this study conducted for a period of 6 months. Informed written consent and ethical approval were taken. A detailed clinical history of all the patients were taken. Basic investigations, clinical and ultrasonography examination were performed. Then the data collected was analyzed by MS Excel and SPSS 25 program.&#x0D; Results: The study included 360 participants (180 male &amp; 180 female) with mean age of the 40.39 ±11.51 years. The mean splenic length was found to be 9.11±1.16 cm. There was significant correlation of splenic length with age, weight, height and body surface area. The splenic length was higher in male compared to female ineach age group.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study aimed to establish the normal range of spleen length and to examine its correlation with body height, weight, and surface area in male and female subjects. The researchers found that spleen length decreases with age in both sexes. Additionally, spleen length increases with body height, weight, and body surface area. Female spleen length is less than male spleen length for corresponding ages.

Patterns of noncicatricial alopecia in children: a cross-sectional study

Background and aim Hair loss in children is an unpleasant complaint. It represents a challenge for the treating physician, is extremely upsetting to the parents, and has a psychosocial complication for the growing child. Our study aims to clarify the causes and forms of noncicatricial alopecia in a sample of pediatric patients and to identify the common trichoscopic features of each illness. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 300 children who attended the outpatient dermatology clinics at Al-Azhar University in Assiut. Their ages ranged between 2 and 18 years old and they complained of scalp disorder and hair loss. Results Tinea capitis (TC) was the most common form of pediatric alopecia (136 patients, 45%), while alopecia areata (AA) and marginal traction alopecia were the second most common causes with a frequency of 57 (19%) and 56 (18.7%), respectively. Toxic alopecia was identified in 30 (10%) of the patients, telogen effluvium in 11 (3.7%), while six (2%) patients presented with female pattern hair loss, three (1%) patients had short anagen syndrome and only one patient presented with Trichotillomania. The most common trichoscopic features in patients who had TC were comma hair and short, broken hair, while microexclamation marks were the most common trichoscopy features among AA patients. Conclusion TC was the most common cause of pediatric alopecia, followed by AA and marginal traction alopecia. Diagnosis of hair and scalp disorders enhances the diagnostic power beyond basic clinical examination and exposes unique aspects of the diseases, leading to better management.

Impact of Current Technology in Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: 20 Years of Experience in the Treatment of 254 Consecutive Clinical Cases

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), which avoids large abdomen incisions, is considered the gold standard technique for the treatment of benign small- and medium-size adrenal masses (&lt;6 cm) and weighing &lt; 100 g. A trascurable mortality and morbidity rate, short hospitalization and patient rapid recovery are the main advantages compared to traditional surgery. During the past decade, a new surgical technology has been developed that expedites a “clipless” adrenalectomy. Here, the authors analyze a clinical series of 254 consecutive patients who were affected by adrenal gland neoplasms and underwent LA by the transabdominal lateral approach over the two last decades. A literature review is also presented. Methods: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data from 254 patients who underwent LA between January 2003 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Diagnosis was obtained on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory values and imaging techniques. Doxazosin was preoperatively administered in the case of pheochromocytoma (PCC) while spironolactone and potassium were employed to treat Conn’s disease. The same surgeon (CG) performed all the LA and utilized the same laparoscopic transabdominal lateral approach. Different dissection tools—ultrasonic, bipolar or mixed scissors—and hemostatic agents were used during this period. The following results were obtained: 254 patients were included in the study; functioning tumors were diagnosed in 155 patients, 52 patients were affected by PCCs, 55 by Conn’s disease, 48 by Cushing’s disease. Surgery mean operative time was 137.33 min (range 100–180 min) during the learning curve adrenalectomies and 98.5 min (range 70–180) in subsequent procedures. Mean blood loss was respectively 160.2 mL (range 60–280) and 96.98 mL (range 50–280) in the first 30 procedures and the subsequent ones. Only three conversions (1.18%) to open surgery occurred. No mortality or postoperative major complications were observed, while minor complications occurred in 19 patients (3.54%). In 153 out of 155 functioning neoplasms, LA was effective in the normalization of the endocrine profile. According to our experience, a learning curve consisting of 30 cases was identified. In fact, a lower operative time and a lower complication rate was reported following 30 LA. Conclusions: LA is a safe procedure, even for masses larger than 6 cm and PCCs. Undoubtedly, the development of surgical technology has made it possible reducing operative times, performing a “clipless” adrenalectomy and extending the indications in the treatment of more complex patients. A multidisciplinary team, in referral high-volume centers, is recommended in the management of adrenal pathology. A 30-procedure learning curve is necessary to improve surgical outcomes.

ORGAN-PRESERVING MICROSURGERY FOR PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND

Of the total number of salivary gland tumors, the parotid gland is affected by the tumoral process in 76.4–90% of cases. Among benign tumors of the parotid gland, the most frequent tumor (61.2–90%) is pleomorphic adenoma. The aim of the research is to develop and apply in clinical conditions microsurgical methods of organ-preserving surgery for pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, to determine the main clinical indications for the use of a specific method of surgical treatment, to reduce the risk of developing postoperative complications. The material of this study is based on the results of the surgical treatment of 90 patients with pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, which was carried out in the clinic of maxillofacial surgery on the basis of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of MI “Poltava M.V. Sklifosovskyi Regional Clinical Hospital”. Preoperative diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical examination, results of ultrasound and magnetic resonance computer tomography of the parotid glands, as well as the cytological examination of material obtained during puncture biopsy of the tumor. In 80 patients, the tumor was localized in the superficial part, and in 7 patients – in the deep part of the parotid gland. In 2 patients, there was total tumor damage to almost the entire gland; in 1 patient, the multinodular nature of the tumor process in both the superficial and deep parts of the gland was noted. As a result of the conducted research, we believe that performing a partial resection of the parotid gland using microsurgical principles of the operation allows us to expand the generally accepted indication (tumors up to 2 cm in size) for performing this operation for pleomorphic adenomas of the superficial part of the gland. In our opinion, the main criterion for the use of this operation is the absolute size of the tumor and the relative percentage of tumor involvement in the superficial part of the parotid gland. If the results of the examination show that the tumor does not occupy the entire superficial part of the gland, and it can be removed within the limits of healthy tissues while preserving some part of the gland, preference should be given to this method, rather than subtotal resection of the gland. As a rule, this is possible when such tumors (more than 2 cm) are localized in the region of the poles of the gland.

History and national survey on reflex hammers: which is the chosen one of Brazilian neurologists?

Percussion is an important part of the neurological examination and reflex hammers are necessary to obtain it properly. We aimed to review the historical aspects of the main reflex hammers and to define the favorite one of Brazilian neurologists. We searched original and review articles about historical aspects of the reflex hammers in Scielo and Pubmed and conducted an online survey to investigate the favorite reflex hammer of Brazilian neurologists. In the first part, we describe the major milestones in the creation of the reflex hammers. Following, we exhibit the results of the online survey: Babinski-Rabiner was the most voted. The origins of the reflex hammers goes back long before their creation, from a basic clinical examination method: percussion. Since the description of deep tendon reflexes and the creation of percussion hammers, much has been improved in this technique. Among all the hammers surveyed, the Babinski-Rabiner was the chosen one by a significant portion of Brazilian neurologists.

Protective periodontitis: the possibility of prevention

Relevance. The isolation of prosthetic periodontitis among inflammatory periodontal pathology has significantly supplemented the generally accepted notions of dentists concerning the etiology and progression of dental prosthetics complications. Improving the methods of preventing inflammatory periodontal lesions caused by the presence of denture structures in the oral cavity is very relevant nowadays, especially in persons using removable dental prostheses. This applies to older age groups, which for financial reasons are more accessible removable acrylic dentures, which they have the opportunity to get at the expense of the budget of the region.Aim. This applies to those in the older age groups who, for financial reasons, have more access to removable acrylic dentures because of the possibility of obtaining dentures at the expense of the regional budget. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using a new domestic denture fixation cream for the prevention of prosthetic periodontitis in patients using removable dentures.Materials and methods. 63 (18 male and 45 female) elderly patients (61-74 years old) with partial tooth loss on both jaws were examined. Partial removable acrylic dentures were made for patients 1st group (n = 30) and 2nd group (n = 33). The patients of the second group constantly used the domestic ASEPTA РARODONTAL denture fixation cream with herbal extract for 9 months of the study. Assessment of the impact of dentures on the oral tissues and periodontium was carried out on the basis of clinical examination and by studying the antimicrobial potential of saliva.Results. The use of partial removable acrylic dentures has been found to contribute to the occurrence of prosthetic periodontitis, which is associated with the technology used in their manufacture. It is possible to reduce the incidence of prosthetic periodontitis not only by timely correction of prosthesis but also by using adhesive means for fixation of prosthesis, the application of which permitted to reduce the occurrence of prosthetic periodontitis by 47,58% and to reduce the occurrence of inflammatory changes of gingiva in the restored teeth area by 16,06%. The research of the antimicrobial potential of saliva in persons who constantly used ASEPTA РARODONTAL denture fixation cream with herbal extract showed that the immune balance achieved before dental prosthetics can be maintained in the oral cavity.Conclusion. The results of the clinical and laboratory study allow us to recommend more widely the use of adhesive means for fixation of removable dentures, including the ASEPTA PARODONTAL cream with herbal extracts.

Comparison and evaluation of efficacy of olfactory and taste distraction in managing anxious pediatric patients during radiovisiography

Due to dental anxiety &amp; fear, young children tend to be more anxious even at the times of basic clinical examination and investigative procedures such as taking IOPAs, however, with the advent of RVGs, taking X-rays have become less cumbersome. A study was planned for comparison and evaluation of olfactory distraction utilizing aromatherapy, taste distraction and conventional method (Tell-Show-Do) in managing fearful children aged 4-7 years during radiovisiography (RVG). A total of 45 children (4-7 years old) were included and 3 groups (15 each) were formed and radiographs were taken with the help of RVG (radiovisigraphy) under aromatherapy, with taste distraction and using control- Tell Show Do technique. Pre- and Post- anxiety scores were measured using physiological measures- pulse and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and Venham’s picture test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, IBM Inc, was used for statistical analysis.Both the test groups (aromatherapy and taste distraction group) when compared with control group, exhibited noteworthy post-treatment variation in anxiety level scores. No statistical significance was seen amongst taste distraction and aromatherapy group, although aromatherapy exhibited superior results in comparison to taste distraction. Both taste distraction using lollipop/candy and aromatherapy employing lavender essential oil are efficacious in management of anxiety among children, however aromatherapy unveils a better result in comparison. To conclude, a combination or individual use of less invasive techniques may be executed effectively in handling pediatric dental patients.

Lipid Variations as Prognosticators of Cardiovascular Risks in Dairy Cattle with Mastitis

Clinical mastitis a deadly problem for dairy farmers and economy. Current study was designed to check serum lipid profile alteration with respect to cardiovascular diseases in clinical mastitis cattle. A total of sixty five samples were collected and divided into two groups for this case control study on the basis of clinical examination. For analysis, 40 cases and 25 controls were included. Statistical analysis was done by applying student “t” test using GraphPad Prism software 6.0. There was non-significant reduction (P=0.3) of serum total cholesterol (TC) and pronounced elevation (P=0.01) of triglyceride (TG) in cases as compared to controls. Mastitis group presented mild decrease (P=0.07) in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and highly significant elevation (P=0.0003) of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as compared to healthy cattle. Moreover, diseased cattle also manifested marked elevation (P=0.01) of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) as compared to controls. Conclusively, clinical mastitis is associated with painful, swollen udder and abnormalities in milk. It also contributes to dyslipidaemia that could be used as useful indicator for evaluation of cardiovascular risks in cattle with clinical mastitis

Prevalence of focal odontogenic infection in patients with class II malocclusion studying at Russian Ministry of Defense institutions of comprehensive education

Relevance. Caries and premature loss of teeth is among the causes of the development of malocclusion. Caries develops with greater frequency on proximal and occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars, which increases the risk of periapical complications due to late diagnosis of tooth decay. Students of the Russian Ministry of Defense schools for comprehensive education belong to reserve units of law enforcement authorities, agencies and services. Therefore, prevention and sustaining their good health, including dental health, is a top priority.The paperobjectiveis to evaluate the frequency of carious lesions of various surfaces of mandibular molars and their complications in students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.Methods. We examined 30 first year students with class II malocclusion (K07.20 according to ICD-10) aged 11-12 years, using basic (clinical examination and probing) and additional (questionnaires, photo protocol, radiography) research methods. All patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in natural occlusion with a resolution of 17Ч15.Results and discussion. 45 % of the examined students revealed latent carious lesions of the enamel below the level of the equator, predominantly localized on the tooth medial surface. At the same time, carious lesions communicating with the tooth cavity in 60.9 % of cases were localized on the contact surfaces (Class II according to Black), in 39.1% - on the chewing surface (Class I according to Black). Periapical foci of destruction were found in 38.3 % of cases.Conclusion. When diagnosing and planning orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in students of the Russian Ministry of Defense institutions, it is important to refer the patient to CBCT in order to timely detect hidden carious lesions of the enamel below the equator and prevent the transition of uncomplicated caries into complicated cases.

Obesity and visceral fat: Indicators for anemia among household women visiting a health camp on world obesity day

BackgroundObesity and anemia are among most common non-communicable diseases not only in India but around the world. These conditions are observed together more among females. Obesity being a risk factor for various lifestyle disease, is hypothesized to affect iron absorption and hence level of hemoglobin. ObjectivesTo find the prevalence of obesity and anemia among given sample population and to find out various factors affecting obesity and anemia. MethodsA cross sectional study was done among married females visiting a health camp on World Obesity Day. They were assessed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric examination. Basic clinical examination, body fat analysis and blood indices were also done. ResultsThe mean age of study participants was found to be 30.27 ± 5.3 years. 487 (70.78%) of the study participants were found obese with BMI >23 kg/m2 and 61 (8.86%%) participants were found to be anemic. Increasing age, education level, menstrual flow, gravida, parity were found to be significantly associated with obesity. Among participants who were anemic, majority (86.9%) had low visceral fat, suggesting the relationship of anemia and fat metabolism is more related to peripheral fat deposition and not much to visceral fat (p < 0.05). ConclusionOur study findings suggest there is a need to carry out in-depth longitudinal and multicentric studies on larger population to see the exact relationship between visceral fat/obesity and anemia as in our study, the prevalence of anemia was very less and thus giving confusing results about visceral and total body fat relation with anaemia.