Basic Beliefs Research Articles

Beliefs that influence personality likely concern a situation humans never leave.

Many of us-60% of humanity, according to one study-would like to change some of our personality traits, such as decreasing pessimism or neuroticism. Dweck (2008) proposed that traits might be altered by changing beliefs. However, novel beliefs must be identified, she contends, because currently studied beliefs are empirically inadequate (e.g., low correlations to broad personality traits) and because a belief's influence on behavior is usually confined to a particular situation or topic. When psychologists refer to the psychological impact of beliefs about situations, they typically mean local situations: situations individuals can enter and leave (e.g., "This neighborhood is dangerous"). The novel theoretical suggestion of this article is that a person's basic beliefs about a situation they never leave such as the world (e.g., "This world is dangerous") are uniquely suited to impact cross-situational behavior patterns often associated with broad personality traits. Historically, general beliefs about the world (termed "primal world beliefs") were understudied, and many remained unknown, rendering systematic investigation infeasible. However, using several methods that helped identify Big Five traits decades ago, a recent effort seeking to map primal world beliefs found a structure of 26 dimensions (most clustering into the beliefs that the world is Safe, Enticing, and Alive) suggesting promising avenues for primals-personality research. This article presents a nuanced, working, speculative hypothesis future research can explore: Average behavioral tendencies that persist wherever the individual goes (personality traits) theoretically should result from beliefs about the broader situation the individual never leaves (the world). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Индивидуальные факторы атрибуции вины сторонними наблюдателями в ситуации насилия в отношении женщин

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> Analysis of the relationship between the individual psychological and sociodemographic characteristics of bystanders and their tendency to blame the victim. <br><strong>Background. </strong>Despite the fact that the responsibility for violence always on the agressor, blaming the victim is still a common phenomenon. Currently, the factors of victim blaming are widely studied abroad, but there are contradictions in the obtained data. There is an insufficient amount of research in Russia, and existing research mainly concerns global factors, such as the role of the media. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study examined individual psychological and social-demographic characteristics of the groups of bystanders who choose different strategies of blame attribution in a situation of violence. According to the results of the author's questionnaire, respondents were divided into three groups: blaming the aggressor, blaming the victim and inconsistent in blaming. The groups were compared by self-attitude, empathy, basic beliefs, sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of various aspects of the problem of violence. The differences between the groups were verified through the comparative analysis. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>Russian sample, 91 people (38,5% of men, 61,5% of women) from 19 to 68 years old (<em>M</em> = 32,3; <em>SD</em> = 13,6). <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Vignettes containing descriptions of violent situations and options for attributing blame to participants in the situations. Author's questionnaire for sociodemographic data and data about awareness of violence, personal experience related to this topic. Multidimensional questionnaire of self-attitude research by S.R. Panteleev, “Diagnostics of empathy level” by V.V. Boyko, Russian version of World assumptions scale by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova. <br><strong>Results. </strong>We found significant differences between the groups according to the characteristics of self-attitude: the level of self-attachment in the group blaming the aggressor is significantly different from the level of self-attachment in other groups, the level of self-control in the group blaming the aggressor is significantly different from the level of self-control in the group blaming the victim. Significant differences in the level of believes in a just world between the group blaming the aggressor and other groups have been revealed. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of empathy. The groups considered differ significantly in assessing the significance of the problem of violence, awareness of the phenomenon of victim-blaming, the presence of the professional, volunteer or studying experience of interacting with a victim of violence, age and place of residence. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Identify the Individual factors of victim blaming in the Russian sample. The more the respondent believes in the just world, the higher the level of self-attachment and self-control, the more likely he is to blame the victim. The following individual factors are associated with a lower probability of victim-blaming: assessment of the problem of violence as more significant, awareness of the existence of such a phenomenon as “victim-blaming”, the professional, volunteer or studying experience of interacting with a victim of violence, young age and living in a megalopolis.</p>

Coal-Mine Water-Hazard Risk Evaluation Based on the Combination of Extension Theory, Game Theory, and Dempster–Shafer Evidence Theory

Due to the complex hydrogeological conditions and water hazards in coal mines, there are multiple indexes, complexities, incompatibilities, and uncertainty issues in the risk evaluation process of coal-mine water hazards. To accurately evaluate the risk of coal-mine water hazards, a comprehensive evaluation method based on extension theory, game theory, and Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical water-hazard risk-evaluation index system is established, and then matter-element theory in extension theory is used to establish a matter-element model for coal-mine water-hazard risk. The membership relationship between various evaluation indexes and risk grades of coal-mine water-hazard risk is quantified using correlation functions of extension set theory, and the quantitative results are normalized to obtain basic belief assignments (BBAs) of risk grades for each index. Then, the subjective weights of evaluation indexes are calculated using the order relation analysis (G1) method, and the objective weights of evaluation indexes are calculated using the entropy weight (EW) method. The improved combination weighting method of game theory (ICWMGT) is introduced to determine the combination weight of each evaluation index, which is used to correct the BBAs of risk grades for each index. Finally, the fusion of DS evidence theory based on matrix analysis is used to fuse BBAs, and the rating with the highest belief fusion result is taken as the final evaluation result. The evaluation model was applied to the water-hazard risk evaluation of Sangbei Coal Mine, the evaluation result was of II grade water-hazard risk, and it was in line with the actual engineering situation. The evaluation result was compared with the evaluation results of three methods, namely the expert scoring method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the extension method. The scientificity and reliability of the method adopted in this paper were verified through this method. At the same time, based on the evaluation results, in-depth data mining was conducted on the risk indexes of coal-mine water hazards, and it was mainly found that 11 secondary indexes are the focus of coal-mine water-hazard risk prevention and control, among which seven indexes are the primary starting point for coal-mine water-hazard risk prevention and control. The groundwater index in particular has the most prominent impact. These results can provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the specific water-hazard prevention and control work of coal mines.

Interpretable large-scale belief rule base for complex industrial systems modeling with expert knowledge and limited data

Complex system modeling technology is a hot topic. Nowadays, many complex industrial systems present three characteristics: multiple input indicators, limited data and interpretability requirements. With good interpretability, belief rule base (BRB) serves as an efficient tool for modeling complex systems. However, as the number of input indicators of industrial systems increases, BRB suffers from the combinatorial explosion problem, which makes it hard to generate large-scale BRB and optimize it while maintaining its interpretability. For this purpose, an interpretable large-scale BRB is proposed for complex systems with limited data, where expert knowledge can be utilized effectively. First, a framework for generating an initial large-scale BRB using expert knowledge and limited data is developed, including the determination of attribute weight, basic belief degree and rule weight. Afterwards, a new parameter optimization model is designed to reduce the burden of parameter optimization and maintain the interpretability of BRB, where the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) algorithm is adopted to further improve the efficiency of large-scale parameter optimization. Finally, a health assessment case of an inertial navigation system (INS) verifies the proposed method.

Graph-Structure-Based Multigranular Belief Fusion for Human Activity Recognition.

The belief functions (BFs) introduced by Shafer in the mid of 1970s are widely applied in information fusion to model epistemic uncertainty and to reason about uncertainty. Their success in applications is however limited because of their high-computational complexity in the fusion process, especially when the number of focal elements is large. To reduce the complexity of reasoning with BFs, we can envisage as a first method to reduce the number of focal elements involved in the fusion process to convert the original basic belief assignments (BBAs) into simpler ones, or as a second method to use a simple rule of combination with potentially a loss of the specificity and pertinence of the fusion result, or to apply both methods jointly. In this article, we focus on the first method and propose a new BBA granulation method inspired by the community clustering of nodes in graph networks. This article studies a novel efficient multigranular belief fusion (MGBF) method. Specifically, focal elements are regarded as nodes in the graph structure, and the distance between nodes will be used to discover the local community relationship of focal elements. Afterward, the nodes belonging to the decision-making community are specially selected, and then the derived multigranular sources of evidence can be efficiently combined. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed graph-based MGBF, we further apply this new approach to combine the outputs of convolutional neural networks + attention (CNN + Attention) in the human activity recognition (HAR) problem. The experimental results obtained with real datasets prove the potential interest and feasibility of our proposed strategy with respect to classical BF fusion methods.

Evidence combination with multi-granularity belief structure for pattern classification

Belief function (BF) theory provides a framework for effective modeling, quantifying uncertainty, and combining evidence, rendering it a potent tool for tackling uncertain decision-making problems. However, with the expansion of the frame of discernment, the increasing number of focal elements processed during the fusion procedure leads to a rapid increase in computational complexity, which limits the practical application of BF theory. To overcome this issue, a novel multi-granularity belief structure (MGBS) method was proposed in this study. The construction of MGBS reduced the number of focal elements and preserved crucial information in the basic belief assignment. This effectively reduced the computational complexity of fusion while ensuring the highest possible classification accuracy. We applied the proposed MGBS algorithm to a human activity recognition task and verified its effectiveness using the University of California, Irvine mHealth, PAMAP2, and Smartphone datasets.

Особенности личностно-смысловой сферы студентов с разным индексом склонности к когнитивным ошибкам

Introduction. Cognitive errors (distortions) are of a semantic nature; they are based on distortions in the semantic sphere of personality, first of all, at its deep levels related to beliefs, semantic attitudes, life orientations, and metacognitive characteristics. However, there is currently a shortage of studies that would set a goal to prove this statement. The purpose of the work: to identify the peculiarities of the personal and semantic sphere of students with different indexes of propensity to cognitive errors. The materials and methods. The study was conducted using the Google Forms platform for creating and administering surveys and online forms. The sample size was 485 respondents, including 433 men and 52 women aged 17-25 years. The Cognitive Mistakes Questionnaire (CMQ − CMQ) (A. Freeman, R. Devulf, adapted by A.E. Bobrov and E.V. Faizrakhmanova) was used to study the propensity of personality to cognitive errors. The following methods were used to study the personal and semantic sphere of the respondents: the method of diagnostics of socio-psychological adaptation (SPA) (C. Rogers, R. Diamond, adapted by A.K. Osnitsky), “Big Five” (BFI) (R. McCrae, P. Costa, adapted by A.B. Khromov), Irrational Attitudes Diagnostic Methodology (A. Ellis), Basic Beliefs Scale (WASWorld assumptions scale) (R. Janov-Bulman, adapted by O. Kravtsova), Biographical Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Behavioural Disorders (BIVBiographisches Inventar zur Diagnose von Verhaltensstoerungen) (Bottscher, Jager, Lischer), Life Orientations Questionnaire (LOQ) (E. Yu. Kravtsova), The Questionnaire to determine the content of the system of life meanings (V.Y. Kotlyakov), the method of diagnostics of coping mechanisms (E. Heim). Kruskal-Wallis H-criterion was used as a method of statistical data processing. The results of the research. It was revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the following indicators of the personal and semantic sphere of students with different indexes of propensity to cognitive errors: in adaptability in interpersonal relations; in the indicators of extraversion, emotional instability and expressiveness; in the expression of irrational attitudes and such basic beliefs as the benevolence of the world, the kindness of people, the value of one's own self, the degree of luck, the conviction in one's own value; in the indicators of family deficit syndrome; in such life orientation as transsituational mobility; in communicative life meanings and dominant coping mechanisms. The conclusion. The study revealed differences in the indicators of the personal and semantic sphere in students with different indexes of propensity to cognitive errors.

Adaptive multi-granularity trust management scheme for UAV visual sensor security under adversarial attacks

The big data provided by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visual sensors offers essential information resources for activities across various industries. However, various adversarial threats are inevitable throughout the lifecycle of data generation, transmission, and utilization, leading to serious security risks. Trust assessment of visual sensors is a prerequisite for securing UAVs, but the multidimensionality of the trust elements and the uncertainty of the evidence limit its practical application. To advance this research, we innovatively propose a trust management scheme based on multi-granularity evidence fusion within the framework of belief functions (BFs) theory to adaptively respond to both known and unknown threats. We first propose a direct trust assessment model for known threats, which constructs multidimensional coarse-grained trust elements (MCTEs) and integrates multiple lightweight sub-models for basic belief assignment (BBA) to meet the need for fast response. Then, to address the unknown threats, we introduce pre-trained models to build multidimensional fine-grained trust elements (MFTEs) to construct trust recommendation models for indirect trust assessment for visual sensors. In addition, to accurately characterize the trustworthiness of visual sensors, we also introduce a BBA-weighted fusion method to achieve more reasonable trust aggregation by weakening highly conflicting evidence sources. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted a comprehensive trust assessment and security experiment on UAV aerial images. The results indicate that the proposed method demonstrates excellent performance and is beneficial for enhancing UAV security in adversarial attack scenarios.

Связь базовых ценностей личности с характером психологической адаптации к глобальным цифровым рискам

<p>The study is relevant to understanding the predictors of successful adaptation to the risks of digitalization of society. The goal is to study the connection between personal values and the characteristics of digital adaptation. The objectives included identifying groups differing in psychological adaptation to digitalization; analyzing differences in basic and social beliefs and value orientations among these groups; and conducting a comparative study of age-related characteristics of psychological adaptation to digitalization in youth and middle adulthood. The research methods included the following: the “Psychological Adaptation to the Risks of Digitalization” questionnaire (E.P. Belinskaya, O.A. Karabanova, O.A. Tikhomandritskaya, etc.); “Faith in a Competitive World” and “Faith in a Dangerous World” (DW-S) by J. Jakkita (adapted by O.A. Gulevich and others); the “Belief in a Just World” technique, adapted by S.K. Nartova-Bochaver and others; “Scale of Basic Personal Beliefs”, adapted by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova; “Portrait Questionnaire of Values” by S. Schwartz; a new questionnaire of tolerance to uncertainty (T.V. Kornilova et al.). The sample consisted of 408 respondents aged 18 to 55 years, of whom 49,7% were men and 50,3% were women. Three groups were identified based on their adaptation to digital risks: “adapted,” “anxious-maladapted,” and “non-adapted”. Significant differences were found in basic and social beliefs among respondents of these groups. The hypothesis that basic values are connected to successful adaptation was confirmed. Age-related features of adaptation to digitalization have been identified. The heterogeneity of adaptation to digitalization according to various criteria has been revealed. The hypothesis about the connection between values of self-overcoming and change with adaptation success was confirmed. The connection of adaptation success with the developmental tasks of youth and middle maturity and activities relevant to them was revealed.</p>

Multi-source information fusion based on evidence reasoning using double frames of discernment for estimating the number of remaining missiles

In air combat, multi-source information fusion is used to estimate the number of remaining missiles (NRM), which is a key premise for multi-aircraft cooperative decision-making. However, the existing multi-source information fusion methods are difficult to apply because prior probability and labeled data are hard to obtain accurately. This paper proposes a novel multi-source information fusion method using double frames of discernment (MIFDFD) for estimating the NRM, which can efficiently and dynamically fuse discrete uncertain information with time series to extract useful information. In the first frame of discernment, the basic belief assignment (BBA) function is constructed by modifying the soft maximum function to fuse the air combat situation information. The BBA of the second frame of discernment is constructed by fusing the believed degree of the launching missile source and historically estimated NRM by using a transferable belief model. The optimal value of the classification factor is determined by conducting parametric analyses in typical air combat scenarios. Performance experiments show that the MIFDFD method provides a more accurate estimate of the NRM and takes less time than the comparison method.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF KNOWLEDGE: ON THE PROBLEM OF EPISTEMIC REGRESS AND DESCARTES' VIEWS ON FOUNDATIONALISM

Beliefs are often accepted on the basis of some reasons. That a belief acquires the status of knowledge is made possible by the justification of these reasons. This means inquiring into the reasons for these reasons. In such a case, it is inevitable that one faces the danger of infinite regress. What kind of a causal structure should the beliefs have in order to give them the status of knowledge? When it comes to the justification of a belief, can the regress of reasons terminate at some point? Foundationalist's answer to this question is yes. Foundationalism asserts that there are basic beliefs that have certain privileges. It is in these beliefs that the danger of infinite regress ends. In this study, the problem of epistemic regress will be explained and how Descartes was at the center of an attempt to solve this problem will be revealed by focusing on the main theses of foundationalism.

Agorafobiye Eşlik Eden Panik Bozuklukta Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi: Olgu Sunumu

This study was conducted using DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria for agoraphobia and panic disorder. The client was a 20-year-old woman. Cognitive behavioural therapy was used in the interviews. The client, who was locked in the ward as a result of falling asleep in the ward in the first school, started to fear of not being able to stay in closed areas and not being able to walk alone in open areas. Upon this, he was taken to a psychologist by his family and although these problems were overcome to some extent, they were triggered again when he saw that his uncle locked his cousin in the room to punish him at the dinner they went to his uncle's family. The client applied to the therapy by saying that he could not stay in closed areas again, his heart beat rapidly when he entered those areas, numbness in his hands and feet, and he felt like he was going to die. The client was first introduced to the cognitive behavioural model and psychoeducation was given. Then a therapeutic relationship was established with the client. In the continuation of the sessions, homework, relaxation exercises were given to the client and automatic thinking and basic beliefs were determined. At the end of the session, thanks to cognitive behavioural therapy, it will be seen that the client's fear of closed spaces and panic attack symptoms experienced in closed spaces decreased. Keywords: Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

Post-traumatic stress disorders and coping resources of internally displaced persons

The article analyses post-traumatic stress disorders and resources for coping with stress in internally displaced persons. The analysis of literature sources has led to an understanding of the consequences of experiencing forced migration as a state of high intensity stress, which with a high degree of probability entails the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. The author describes a psychosocial situation that is of particular interest due to the complex nature of the impact of stress on the personality of an internally displaced person: their life story often contains, along with the experience of being in a war zone, repeated traumatisation due to living in new places, which sometimes causes no less powerful distress (culture shock, acculturation stress, migrantophobia). When analysing migrants' resources for coping with stress, we should rely on the three-level approach to the structure of human personality, which is established in psychology. The success of migrants' adaptation is correlated with individual characteristics, including gender, ethnic minority, age, neuroticism and extraversion, therefore, the focus on the middle level is designated as cognitive-personal and operationalised through the construct of basic beliefs of the individual, which are generally defined as global, stable ideas of the individual about the world and about himself/herself that influence thinking, emotional states and behaviour; higher - described by the system of meaningful life orientations of a person, which characterises a person as a subject of life-creation, and is an integral systemic characteristic that reflects the actual attitude of a person to a situation, understood as meaningful life orientations of a person.

Conversations on ‘making the news’: A citizen journalism-oriented tool for empowering citizen advocates of journalism

This article explores an avenue for fostering a model of citizen journalism that is empowered by community dialogue about ‘making the news,’ interactive engagement with local news actors, and advocacy for journalism. The research effort features two key focal points. First—from a normative standpoint—it emphasizes a broader conceptualization of citizen journalism that includes citizen contributions to discussions about, and advocacy for, quality journalism in one’s community. Understanding that such empowerment necessitates (a) a basic belief that journalism has a degree of value/relevance to oneself and (b) a sense of agency in helping to improve the health of the local news media environment, this study draws on the concepts of citizen academies, Perceived News Media Importance, and self-efficacy. Second—representing an empirical focal point—this study initiates exploration of the utility of a journalism-themed citizen forum initiative (in the model of citizen academies) for fostering the community interactive dimension of “citizen journalism” outlined herein. Building on existing research of citizen forums, initial findings support the assertion that such initiatives have the capacity to reinforce the importance of news work (especially related to investigative journalism) while mitigating citizens’ self-perception of inefficacy in helping to support the local news media environment. Our discussion considers how future initiatives might be strengthened to most effectively motivate and empower citizens to advocate for this model of citizen journalism.

PROBLEMS OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALISM

The article attempts to identify the problems of epistemological fundamentalism. The author compares some types of fundamentalism and alternative epistemological theories — coherentism, pragmatism and infi nitism. The author argues that the main problems of epistemological fundamentalism should be considered the fundamen-tal inability to defend the declared infallibility and incorrigibility of basic beliefs, the existence of other minds and the inevitability of mistakes of a knowing agent. It is concluded that fundamentalism cannot be discarded, despite a large number of critical reservations.

Rehabilitation potential in patients with prostate cancer: psychological aspect

Objective. To determine a list of psychological characteristics associated with the prognosis of prostate cancer outcome and rehabilitation potential in patients with cancer. Materials and methods. The study of psychological characteristics (subjective and personal characteristics of study participants (n = 148)) associated with rehabilitation potential was carried out using the following psychological methods: Methodology of Subjective Control Level (E.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golynkina, L.M. Etkind), Questionnaire of ways to cope (adapted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva), Questionnaire SF-36 “Assessment of the quality of life”, Test of vitality (adapted by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova), Basic Beliefs Scale (adapted by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova). Results. A favorable prognosis for the outcome of prostate cancer is associated with the patient`s involvement in the events of his life and active participation in them, understanding of the significance of the problem, partial independence from others, slight limitation of role functioning due to the emotional state, optimal social functioning in combination with beliefs about the benevolence of the world around him and ability to control events. Conclusions. A list of psychological characteristics associated with the course of the disease in patients with prostate cancer was obtained. These psychological characteristics can define the rehabilitation potential, being associated with the possibilities of recovery after antitumor treatment.

Partial MaxSAT Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning with System W

The only recently introduced System W is a nonmonotonicinductive inference operator exhibiting some notable proper-ties like extending rational closure and satisfying syntax split-ting postulates for inference from conditional belief bases.A semantic model of system W is given by its underlyingpreferred structure of worlds, a strict partial order on the setof propositional interpretations, also called possible worlds,over the signature of the belief base. Existing implementa-tions of system W are severely limited by the number ofpropositional variables that occur in a belief base becauseof the exponentially growing number of possible worlds. Inthis paper, we present an approach to realizing nonmono-tonic reasoning with system W by using partial maximumsatisfiability (PMaxSAT) problems and exploiting the powerof current PMaxSAT solvers. An evaluation of our approachdemonstrates that it outperforms previous implementations ofsystem W and scales reasoning with system W up to a newdimension.

Can Art be Offensive? To Whom? A View of Artistic Obligations

All over the world, there are artists of varied fields. These artists express their skills, thoughts, philosophies, and beliefs through their artistic works. Humans are not a homogenous group who share common and basic beliefs and philosophy of life. Consequently, any work of art is mostly not going to be liked by all. To address the need the question; can art be offensive and to whom? requires us to first examine the works of art and the persons who appreciate them as a means of examining how artworks could be considered offensive to people. This article uses textual and content analysis as a means of examining some of the legal and cultural implications of art products and how injurious they can be to societies and individuals. From examples drawn from the analysis, it is surmised that artists should know they do not operate in an abstract world but a world of culture, religion, and preferences. It is thus recommendable that artists take due cognizance of the communities in which they operate and act accordingly to avoid damaging criticism, threats of death, and lawsuits.

Makna Mabebasan Geguritan Bima Suarga Dalam Perspektif Panca Sradha

Entering the current era of digitalization, the Balinese Hindu community still adheres to local wisdom values, including the moral, social, philosophy (tatwa) and religious values ​​contained in geguritan (religious song) Bima Suarga. This research aims to examine the meaning of Geguritan Bima Suarga in Panca Sradha perspective. Research data was obtained through document study by analyzing the Geguritan Bima Suarga text, observations and interviews with members of the group (sekaa) santhi “Gangga Lingga Suara" and "Arsa Khanti", West Denpasar which was determined using purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed descriptively interpretatively by applying hermeneutic theory. The results of the research show that mabebasan of the Geguritan Bima Suarga activities contain aesthetic meaning, social meaning and religious meaning which are able to strengthen the five basic beliefs (Panca Sradha) of Balinese Hindus, including: belief in the omnipotence of Hyang Widhi Wasa, belief in the existence of atma, karma phala, punarbhawa, and moksa, namely the union of the atma with paramatma (God) as a place of eternal happiness.

Basic beliefs about self and the world in people with suicidal ideation

IntroductionBasic beliefs can be defined as a person’s implicit, global, stable ideas about the world and about himself. The psychological features of people with suicidal ideas can be considered as characteristics of the value sphere of a person who is ready to choose a destructive way of solving problems.ObjectivesThe relationship of basic beliefs regarding the general «Benevolence of the surrounding world», its «Meaningfulness» and «Worthiness of the Self» with the presence of suicidal ideas was investigated.MethodsThe study involved 140 people, (117 women). The Janoff-Buhlman World Assumptions Scale (WAS), the short Epstein Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI)), Simptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90R), moral dilemmas (proposed by J.D.Green), as well as separate questions about the suicidal ideation, risk tendency were used.For analysis, the subjects were divided into two subgroups: 98 people without thoughts of suicide; and 42 people answered that they had thoughts of suicide of varying severity. The subgroups did not differ by gender; in the group with suicidal ideation, the average age of the subjects was lower.Results In the subgroup with suicidal ideas, almost all indicators of basic assumptions, such as “Benevolence of the World” (average values of 16.10 ± 3.28 and 12.13 ± 4.80 for the control subgroup and the subgroup with suicidal ideas), were lower: “Benevolence of the People “ (15.35±3.07 and 12.42±4.97), “justice” (12.46±3.30 and 10.46±3.60), “value of one’s own self” (16 .21±3.93 and 11.83±5.15), etc., with the exception of the “Self-controllability”, which does not differ between subgroups. Also, in the subgroup with suicidal ideas, the indicators of “randomness” were increased (15.67±3.64 and 18.67±3.96). Indicators on the clinical scale “Hostility” of the SCL-90R questionnaire are also significantly higher in the group with suicidal ideation (average values 0.53±0.5 and 1.29±0.8). In the group with suicidal ideation, there is a higher tendency to take risks. At the level of a statistical trend, the rational method of decision-making in the “Rational - Intuitive” questionnaire is lower (average values 14.3 and 13.0; significance level of differences 0.05). In the “Moral Dilemmas” test, in the subgroup with suicidal ideas, the ratio of choices in personal and impersonal dilemmas is statistically higher (0.67 and 0.93).Conclusions It was shown that the presence of suicidal ideas is associated with a reduced indicator of the Worthiness of the Self, the meaningfulness of the world and its benevolence, and with an increased sense of randomness as a principle for distributing ongoing events, which can manifest itself in a propensity for risk, impulsive decisions, devaluation of human life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared