Basic Attack Research Articles

MILP Based Differential Cryptanalysis on IVLBC and Eslice 64

Lightweight block ciphers provide security to resource-limited devices. However, many of these ciphers lack security analysis against basic attacks. This paper provides a detailed security analysis of two lightweight block ciphers, IVLBC and Eslice-64, against differential attack. The designers of IVLBC and Eslice-64 claimed that their ciphers were secure against differential attack. In this paper, to substantiate existing cryptanalysis’s claims, we perform differential attack on these two ciphers using the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method. We incorporate the difference distribution table (DDT) probabilities into MILP models. We discover differential distinguishers up to seven and 15 rounds for IVLBC and Eslice-64, respectively. We improve the known distinguishers for Eslice-64 by one round. Further, we mount the key recovery attack on an eight-round IVLBC and a 16-round Eslice-64 with data/memory/time complexities of 249/ 250.59/249 and 263/212.58/263 respectively.

Using Real-Time Ray Tracing in Game Action-Adventure ANGKARA "The Rise of Asura"

The pressing problems facing the games industry in Indonesia are first, the lack of developers who can meet the needs of the local market and the lack of adaptation of local content in games. Second, how to improve the optimization of the Ray Tracing process? To overcome these challenges, this research aims to design and build an action-adventure game model using Unreal Engine 5. By developing the Real-Time Ray Tracing (RTRT) feature. The game design will also utilize the latest technology such as Ray Tracing, and artificial intelligence to create an immersive and realistic gaming experience. The method used in this research is GDLC (Game Development Life Cycle). The results of research using black box testing with components, character responsiveness, basic attacks, interaction with the environment, defense, enemy behavior, and optimization of Ray Tracing state that it has been validated.

Analysis of safe electricity consumption on load side based on attack and defence game model

AbstractWith the improvement of digitalization and intelligence in the power system, the safe operation of the power system is facing enormous challenges. The safe use of electricity on the load side is the key to achieving safe and reliable power system operation. The detection party needs amounts of human and material resources when the power network is attacked. In response to the current difficulties of low detection ability and high detection costs, this paper proposes an attack and defence game model that considers the differences between different nodes, ensuring the safety and economy of electricity consumption while reducing energy waste. At first, the structure of smart meters and the attack characteristics of intruders are summarized, and a basic attack and defence game model is constructed. The Nash equilibrium is then solved, and the optimal strategy for the game between the defender and the intruder is given to balance the relation between detection performance and energy consumption. In response to the differences generated by each node, strategies for attackers to launch attacks on different nodes and the setting of optimal thresholds for other nodes in the defence system are explored. Finally, case studies verify that the proposed model could reduce the cost of intruder detection while ensuring a specific detection rate.

Coherence Attacks and Countermeasures in Interposer-based Chiplet Systems

Industry is moving towards large-scale hardware systems that bundle processor cores, memories, accelerators, and so on. via 2.5D integration. These components are fabricated separately as chiplets and then integrated using an interposer as an interconnect carrier. This new design style is beneficial in terms of yield and economies of scale, as chiplets may come from various vendors and are relatively easy to integrate into one larger sophisticated system. However, the benefits of this approach come at the cost of new security challenges, especially when integrating chiplets that come from untrusted or not fully trusted, third- party vendors. In this work, we explore these challenges for modern interposer-based systems of cache-coherent, multi-core chiplets. First, we present basic coherence-oriented hardware Trojan attacks that pose a significant threat to chiplet-based designs and demonstrate how these basic attacks can be orchestrated to pose a significant threat to interposer-based systems. Second, we propose a novel scheme using an active interposer as a generic, secure-by-construction platform that forms a physical root of trust for modern 2.5D systems. The implementation of our scheme is confined to the interposer, resulting in little cost and leaving the chiplets and coherence system untouched. We show that our scheme prevents a range of coherence attacks with low overheads on system performance, ∼4%. Further, we demonstrate that our scheme scales efficiently as system size and memory capacities increase, resulting in reduced performance overheads.

Подходы к оценке защищённости информационных систем с криптографическим преобразованием объектов

The file system is one of the components of an information system, especially vulnerable to attacks by intruders. Consequently, it is impossible to increase the security level of an information system without ensuring a sufficient level of protection for file system objects, attacks on which affect, among other things, the interests of users of information systems. In order to make decisions on the use of certain mechanisms for protecting file system objects, a regular assessment of their current level of security is necessary. The purpose of the study. Building a model for assessing the security of an information system with cryptographic transformation of file system objects in the context of an attacker using a wide range of attacks on the file system. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific publications on the problem of assessing the security of information systems allowed us to propose a methodology for assessing the security of information system assets. The methodology is based on a combination of a probabilistic approach to the analysis of possible scenarios for the implementation of threats in information systems for file system objects, expert assessments of basic attack events and representations in the form of attack trees. The threat implementation representation in the form of attack trees is used to simulate the actions of an attacker. Results. A structural model of an information system with cryptographic transformation of objects has been developed. Its valuable assets have been allocated. The list of the main threats to information security relevant for such systems is defined. Possible variants of the ways of implementing attacks and possible scenarios of the development of events in the processes of transferring file system objects with cryptographic transformation are modeled. A set of measures for the protection of information system objects with cryptographic transformation of objects is proposed. The calculation of the probabilities of attacks on an asset along the path determined by the attack tree, the possibility of implementing an attack, the degree of effectiveness of the proposed countermeasures is proposed. Conclusion. The presented methodology for assessing the security of an information system with cryptographic transformation of objects makes it possible to use well-known approaches in a comprehensive manner, and will be useful to developers and researchers in practical and scientific activities to ensure information security.

Development of RSA and some attack points

Currently, the relatively popular public key encryption is RSA. It was officially launched in 1978 and given their initials as a name. Different encryption and decryption keys are used in the RSA public-key cryptosystem. Deriving decryption keys from known encryption keys is computationally difficult. Rsa has emerged in various forms since its development. Since the development of RSA, there have been various forms, which means there are various loopholes. Next, we will summarize several interesting attack methods of rsa. It will involve continued fractions and CRT and so on. Through this paper, one can learn a series of knowledge about rsa. As a classic asymmetric password, the value of rsa's existence is relatively high, and exploring its value is something that every password learner should experience. Through this article, one will learn about the most basic attack methods of rsa.

A Critical Governance Infrastructure Framework at ODL Institutions and Best Practices for its Protection during and beyond New Normal

The outbreak of Covid-19 has forced us to extend distance education beyond territorial boundaries, mainly due to limitations caused by pandemic conditions. A critical governance infrastructure (CGI) for open and distance learning (ODL) institutions is presented to manage the "new normal" institutional governance activities quite efficiently and effectively. The CGI is supplemented with control systems to efficiently monitor critical information and control critical parts of institutional centres and associated services. Its vulnerabilities to basic attacks (such as cyber attacks and physical attacks) have been analysed. The emerging new challenges and risks for ODL governance, the cyber security crises, and its protection management are presented. Lastly, best practices for protecting and managing the CGI are recommended so as to achieve a safe, robust, and resilient CGI for the ODL institutions. It is inferred that the incorporation of such a CGI into the institutional education system would play a prominent role in establishing an uninterrupted and efficient governance system that is necessary for the sustainable development and growth of the ODL institution concerned during and beyond the "new normal".

Only Once Attack: Fooling the Tracker With Adversarial Template

Adversarial attacks in visual object tracking aims to fool trackers via injecting invisible perturbations for the video frames. Most adversarial methods advocate generating perturbations for each video frame, but frequent attacks may increase the computational load and the risk of exposure. Unfortunately, less works are about only attacking the initial frame and their attack effects are insufficient. To tackle this, we focus on the initialization phase of tracking and propose an only once attack framework. It can effectively fool the tracker via only generating invisible perturbations for the initial template, rather than each frame. Specifically, considering the tracking mechanism of the Siamese-based trackers, we design the minimum score-based and the minimum IoU-based loss functions. Both of them are used for training the UNet-based perturbation generator instead of the tracker, achieving the non-targeted attack. Additionally, we propose the location and direction offsets as the base attacks of sophisticated targeted attack. Combined with the two basic attacks, the tracker can be easily hijacked to move towards the fake target predefined by users. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our only once attack framework costs the least number of attacks yet achieves better attack effect, with the maximum drop of 68.7%. The transferability experiments illustrate that our attack framework with good generalization ability can be directly applicable to the CNN-based, Siamese-based, deep discriminative-based and Transformer-based trackers, without retraining.

Survey on data aggregation based security attacks in wireless sensor network

<p>Wireless sensor network (WSN) has applications in military, health care, environmental monitoring, infrastructure, industrial and commercial applications. The WSN is expected to maintain data integrity in all its network operations. However, due to the nature of wireless connectivity, WSN is prone to various attacks that alter or steal the data exchanged between the nodes. These attacks can disrupt the network processes and also the accuracy of its results. In this survey paper, we have reviewed various attacks available in the literature till date. We have also listed existing methods that focus on data aggregation based security mechanisms in WSN to counter the attacks. We have classified and compared these methods owing to their encryption techniques. This paper intends to support researchers to understand the basic attacks prevalent in WSN and schemes to counter such attacks.</p>

Abstract TP57: Understanding Ethnic Differences In Post-stroke Informal Caregiver Needs

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the U.S. Mexican Americans (MAs) have worse 90-day neurologic, functional, cognitive and quality of life outcomes and a higher prevalence of post-stroke depression compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). MAs receive more help through informal, unpaid caregiving than NHWs. Little is known about caregivers’ needs and whether they differ by ethnicity. We examine ethnic differences in the number and type of needs identified by MA and NHW caregivers. Methods: Caregivers were identified from the population-based Basic Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project from October 2019 to November 2021 in Nueces County, Texas. Responses to the 32-item Caregiver Needs and Concerns Checklist (CNCC) were collected at 90-days post stroke and were used to assess needs and concerns of stroke caregivers within 5 domains: information, emotions and behaviors, physical care, instrumental care, and personal responses to caregiving. Bivariate analyses were used to examine differences between CNCC items by ethnicity. Linear regressions were used to examine adjusted associations of ethnicity with the total average of needs for each domain. Results: 187 caregivers were included; 74.3% MAs and 25.7% NHWs. MA caregivers had lower education and income, and more had other jobs while providing care. Significant ethnic differences were only observed in the average frequency of the “finding information on stroke” domain (B=0.17; 99.17%CI: 0.02-0.32) after adjusting for various caregiver and patient characteristics. Within the information domain, MAs reported an overall greater need and some individual needs differed by ethnicity (Table 1). Discussion: There exists differences in the needs of MA caregivers compared to NHWs. Understanding these differences can help develop or improve resources needed to help with post-stroke recovery, improve caregiver well-being in this population and strengthen health equity.

RECUPERAÇÃO DE JOGADORES DE BASQUETE APÓS TREINAMENTO DE TÉCNICA OFENSIVA

ABSTRACT Introduction: The shot accuracy and standardization in basketball games are closely related to the quality of the team’s scoring. The percentage of throws is fundamental to know if the basketing movement can be correctly detected and judged. In traditional basketball, players’ skills are composed of specific movements. With the gradual development of these technical movements, coaches should pay more attention to each athlete so that their technical problems can be identified and worked on early. Objective: This article discusses how basketball players move, catch the ball on the court, and execute the shot to the basket. Methods: We randomly and voluntarily selected 90 basketball players by sampling. The independent variables, biomarkers, and kinetic patterns were properly cataloged and processed. The main test items included body, lower limb, and groin circumference. Finally, mathematical statistics were used to analyze the correlation of each index. The relationship between basketball players’ movement posture and basic offensive techniques was analyzed. Results: In basketball, basic attack techniques in multifactorial training remarkably influences their score. The role of score recovery in basketball is significant. Conclusion: The quality of basketing action is directly related to the technical level of offensive basketball. A variety of ball training can improve the skill level of the basketball player. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Analysis of the optimal shooting angle in football matches based on network data mining

As an important research field in video understanding, human behavior recognition is widely used in intelligent monitoring, intelligent nursing, interactive behavior, and robot control. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the analysis method of interaction behavior of soccer video. MethodsIn this study, we use scene simulation, big data analysis, experimental comparison, and other methods to analyze the interaction between players in a football video. The resultsof experiment and analysis of attack mode under interactive behavior show that the accuracy of attack direction determination results in traditional video analysis method and accurate analysis method is 75.60 % and 85.2 %, respectively. In this study, taking into account the two factors of staff proportion and average distance, the accuracy is improved to a certain extent, which can reach 91.5 %. It can be concluded that the deviation rate proposed in this study can better describe the position information of the football, can realize the detection of the basic attack mode, and can enable the computer to identify the attack direction of both players in the shortest time, which shows that the method is efficient and accurate. It provides a good analysis method for the research of human interaction behavior in football video and even in all kinds of videos.

FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESENT ALGORITHM FOR IOT APPLICATION

IoT is a global network with dynamic capabilities that use standard communication protocols. Security is the process of securing data as they are transmitted and exchanged among objects which can reduce the limitations. Cryptography is an important algorithm means in security that can be defined as converting plaintext into ciphertext.The algorithm of cryptography provides a high- level security but does not concern itself in hardware requirements like power consumption, computation cost, and memory overhead. To solve these challenges, special algorithms are designed and called light Weight Cryptography to be suitable for resource constrained devices. The goal of light Weight Cryptography is to reduce the overall implementation cost of traditional encryption, through several aspects such as area, throughput, latency, and power and energy consumption. Recently, several algorithms have been proposed for LWC. Comparing with different circumstances, we observed that PRESENT has much competence and many advantages. Several basic attacks PRESENT but all know attacks are ineffective. Given the importance of IoT security in this project, we are focusing on improving the S-Box implementation for essential measures such as power consumption and performance using Xilinx tool and spartan 7 and Artix 7 device. Software Tools:  Xilinx Vivado 2020.2  Quartus Prime and Modelsim Key Words:Cryptography, Lightweight Cryptography, SBOX, PBOX, Key Rounding, PRESENT Algorithm

Survey of Basic Technical Skills of Table Tennis Game Athletes Ptmsi Puslatkab Bangkalan

T his study aims to determine the level of basic technical skills of table tennis athletes at PTMSI Pusat Kab Bangkalan. The method chosen and the research used a survey. Saturated samples were taken from all table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab totaling 4 athletes. Measuring the skill level of the basic table tennis game techniques, namely Service Techniques (Serve), Attack Techniques (Attacking), Defense Techniques (Block), Drive Punch Techniques, Push Punch Techniques, Flick Techniques, and Chop Techniques for athletes at the Bangkalan sports center using tests and measurements . Researchers collected data using survey techniques with tests and measurements of basic technical skills in table tennis games for PTMSI Puslatkab Bangkalan athletes. Data analysis used percentage description. The results of the research on table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab: basic service techniques 25% are in the adequate category and 75% are in the good category; basic attack techniques (attacking) 50% in the less category and 50% in the sufficient category; basic defense techniques (Block) 25% are in the poor category, 50% are in the sufficient category and 25% are in the good category; basic technique of hitting (Drive) 50% in the poor category, 25% in the sufficient category, and1 25% in the good category; the basic technique of push punch 75% is in sufficient category and 25% is in good category; basic technique of flick blow 25% in poor category, 50% in sufficient category, and 25% in good category; basic chop technique 75% is categorized as sufficient, and 25% is categorized as good. The conclusions of the study are the level of service technique skills (Serve) in good category, basic attack techniques (attacking) are between the less category and sufficient category, basic defense techniques (Block) are in sufficient category, basic blow techniques (Drive) are in poor category, basic techniques for push punches are categorized as enough, basic flick technique is categorized enough, and basic chop technique is categorized enough. Suggestions that can be given are the addition of hours and a proportional training program to improve mastery of the basic techniques of table tennis.

Security-enhanced optical nonlinear cryptosystem based on modified Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm

For any optical encryption and decryption systems, security is the major concern. In this paper, security of time varying nonlinear term embedded double random phase encoding (DRPE) scheme is enhanced by using Modified Gerchberg Saxton Iterative Algorithm (MGSIA). The encrypted image of DRPE is given as an amplitude input to MGSIA. This makes the cryptosystem asymmetric and endures the basic attacks such as known-plaintext attack, chosen-plaintext attack, and chosen-cipher text attack. Robustness of this model has been checked with various results.

Privacy Inference Attack Against Users in Online Social Networks: A Literature Review

With the rapid development of social networks, users pay more and more attention to the protection of personal information. However, the transmission of users’ personal information through social networks will inevitably lead to privacy leakage and make users attacked. A large amount of privacy information can be inferred from the content and social traces published by users, which leads to the rise of privacy inference technology for users in social networks. Social relationship inference and attribute inference are two basic attacks on users’ privacy in social networks. This is the first systematic review of privacy inference attacks in social networks. The purpose of this retrospective study is to provide a global summary, summarizing the time trend of the topic, and show the evolution of the topic in the past 15 years. In addition, this paper discusses the trend and development of this topic and finally looks forward to future work. The contribution of our work is helpful for researchers to continue their research in this field.

Extracting Low‐Rate DDoS Attack Characteristics: The Case of Multipath TCP‐Based Communication Networks

The multipath TCP (MPTCP) enables multihomed mobile devices to realize multipath parallel transmission, which greatly improves the transmission performance of the mobile communication network. With the rapid development of all kinds of emerging technologies, network attacks have shown a trend of development with many types and rapid updates. Among them, low‐rate distributed denial of service (LDDoS) attacks are considered to be one of the most threatening issues in the field of network security. In view of the current research status, by using the network simulation software NS2, this paper first compares and analyzes the throughput and delay performance of the MPTCP transmission system under LDDoS attacks and, further, conducts simulation experiments and analysis on the queue occupancy rate of the LDDoS attack flow to extract the basic attack characteristics of the LDDoS attacks. The experimental results show that the LDDoS attacks will have a major destructive effect on the throughput performance and delay performance of the MPTCP transmission system, resulting in a decrease in the robustness of the transmission system. By analyzing and comparing the occupancy rate of the LDDoS attack flow in the MPTCP transmission system, it can be concluded that (1) the occupancy rate of the LDDoS scattered pulse traffic sent by each puppet machine changes slightly, and (2) the occupancy rate of LDDoS attack data flow is much greater than that of ordinary TCP data flow.

Security Enhancements over AODV Using Multi-hop Acknowledgment

In most applications of Mobile Ad-hoc Networking and Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs), security and power consumption is a recurring problem which is very difficult to solve due to unpredictable behaviour, environmental changes and mobility of nodes. TERP is a Trust based Energy Routing Protocol that considers the energy conservation and security aspects of WSNs. It is an improved version of AODV and ensures low power consumption while adding a trust based system to the reactive nature of AODV. It also provides the solutions for the most basic attacks like node selfishness, spoofing, misbehaviour and packet sniffing. But black-hole attack, gray-hole attack, Sybil and wormhole attacks are yet to be addressed in the TERP. This paper provides a solution to detect and prevent the node misbehaviour and gray-hole attack. TERP identifies the node misbehaviour using direct and indirect trust recommendations received from neighbour nodes. The detection rate of misbehaving nodes is less during the initial life of the network. Therefore we propose a method that detects the node misbehaviour during the initial life by using a multi-hop acknowledgement system. The simulation results show that the proposed method performs well in detecting the gray-hole and node misbehaviour.

An Updated Comparison of COVID-19 and Influenza

In this work, we compare the case fatality rate (CFR), basic reproductive number and infection attack rate between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza (including 2009 pandemic influenza, which has a similar CFR as seasonal influenza with a larger infection attack rate). We conclude that in an ideal situation, the CFR of COVID-19 is about 3-4 folds of seasonal influenza, but the basic reproductive number is substantially higher for COVID-19 thus the infection attack rate is higher. Without control, the total deaths could be ten or twenty times that of seasonal influenza in a severe season.

The Tentacular Strike Behavior in Squid: Functional Interdependency of Morphology and Predatory Behaviors During Ontogeny

This study examines the relationship between morphology and predatory behaviors to evaluate the ontogeny of the specialized tentacular strike (TS) in Doryteuthis opalescens squid reared under laboratory conditions [hatching to 80 day-old; 2–16 mm mantle length (ML)]. Ontogenetic morphological changes in the arm-crown and the role played by the arms and tentacles during predatory behavior was correlated with prey types captured and revealed interconnected morphological and behavior traits that enabled paralarvae to perform the TS. Hatchlings have a poorly developed arm-crown and tentacles that resemble and function as arms, in which tentacular clubs (suckerfull non-contractile portion) and stalks (suckerless contractile portion) have not yet formed. Only a basic attack (BA) behavior was observed, involving arms and tentacles, which were not ejected during prey capture. A more elaborated behavior, the arm-net (AN) was first employed by 30 day-old (>4.7 mm ML) paralarvae, in which the tentacles were eject down, but not toward the prey. The TS was first observed in 40–50 day-old (6.7–7.8 mm ML) squid, which stay stationary by sustainable swimming prior to ejecting the tentacles toward the prey. Thus, the ability to perform sustainable swimming and acquisition of swimming coordination (schooling behavior) are prerequisites for the expression of the TS. The arms played the same roles after prey was captured: hold, subdue and manipulate the prey, while the actions performed by the tentacles truly defined each behavior. Prey size captured increased with increasing squid size. Morphometric data showed that hatchlings have little ability of elongating their tentacles, but this ability increases significantly with size. Squid older than 40 days could elongate their tentacles up to 61% of their ML, whereas early paralarvae 13% on average. Paralarvae were frequently observed elongating and contracting their tentacles, while not attempting to capture prey, which could perhaps serve to adjust muscle activity and development, while specializations for the strike – stalks, clubs, muscle fibers, arm-crown and swimming coordination – are still being developed. The expression of the TS is constrained by development in early paralarvae as it involves interdependency of morphology and behavior and as such, represents a major developmental milestone in the early life history of squid.