Basic Arrangement Research Articles

Aesthete Pattern Diversity in Chiton Clades (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Balancing Sensory Structures and Strength in Valve Architecture.

Chitons possess the most elaborate system of shell pores found in any hard-shelled invertebrate. Although chitons possess some anteriorly located sense organs, they lack true cephalization, as their major sensory systems are not concentrated in a distinct head region. Instead, the aesthete system within their shells forms a dense sensory network that overcomes the barrier of their hard dorsal armour. The basic arrangement of neural structures embedded within a solid, opaque matrix, has confounded understanding of the overall network. In this study, we use synchrotron X-ray μCT to visualise the aesthete canal networks inside chiton valves. We selected representatives from all three major chiton clades: Lepidopleurida, the basal branching clade, and Callochitonida and Chitonida, which both havemore complex shell morphology, to compare internal structure. Lepidopleurida aesthete canals are oriented vertically and pass directly through the shell to connect with the body. By contrast, aesthetes canals in Callochitonida and Chitonida have complex internal structures with extended horizontal passages, coalescing at the shell diagonal that corresponds to the valve insertion slits. This represents a stepwise evolution of chiton shell form, where thicker and more complex valves require a diverting and rewiring of the entire sensorynetwork. Aspects of the aesthete system, such as the microscopic arrangement of surface pores, have long been used in chiton taxonomy for species diagnoses; insertion slits should also be understood as a secondary feature of the aesthete system. Chiton shell structures that are used for morphological systematics are driven by sensory adaptations.

How Can Community Autonomy under the Guidance of Party Building be Possible?

Leading Party building is the basic institutional arrangement of community governance in the new era. By constructing a multi-logic analysis framework, taking G community in rural area of Anhui as an example, the paper systematically analyzes how the leadership of Party building promotes the realization of community autonomy. The findings are as follows: political parties break down the contradictions and divide governance boundaries through a series of political mechanisms, so as to achieve the purpose of social integration; At the same time, the assessment target system and personnel system in the government organization provide effective administrative means for the realization of the intention of the ruling party. Finally, through the construction of public space and the cultivation of social organizations to reshape the community governance structure, stimulate the vitality of community governance. Therefore, the essence of community autonomy led by party building is the transformation process of subject behavior from isolation to benign interaction, relationship structure from "atomization" to organic connection, and institutional logic from discrete to co-evolution.

Air Flow Analysis for Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Heat Exchangers

Due to the increasing popularity of additive manufacturing technologies, more varied and complex shapes of heat exchangers can be produced, that can be optimized to be more compact and efficient. In this paper a triply minimal periodic surface – gyroid structure is designed to study the applicability of such structures in air-to-air heat exchangers used in residential ventilation recuperation systems. Gyroid surface structures are useful to decrease overall heat exchanger size, pressure and increase heat transfer. Several geometry variations with different flow rate values were analysed to compare the efficiency of heat exchanger designs, as well as basic counterflow plate heat exchanger arrangement was analysed, to compare the gyroid designs to conventional methods. To calculate the pressure difference, temperature and heat transfer in each variation, SolidWorks Flow Simulation was used. The results showed that by using gyroid structures, heat exchanger energy transfer can be optimised for required back pressure and heat transfer, while reducing the overall dimensions, compared to conventional heat exchangers. By incorporating low cost, printed thermal recuperators, thermal efficiency of residential buildings can be improved. Suitable materials, manufacturing methods and application limitations are discussed.

Studies on Dual Helmholtz Resonators and Asymmetric Waveguides for Ventilated Soundproofing.

Achieving the simultaneity of ventilation and soundproofing is a significant challenge in applied acoustics. Ventilated soundproofing relies on the interplay between local resonance and nonlocal coupling of acoustic waves within a sub-wavelength structure. However, previously studied structures possess limited types of fundamental resonators and lack modifications from the basic arrangement. These constraints often force the specified position of each attenuation peak and low absorption performance. Here, we suggest the in-duct-type sound barrier with dual Helmholtz resonators, which are positioned around the symmetry-breaking waveguides. The numerical simulations for curated dimensions and scattered fields show the aperiodic migrations and effective amplifications of the two absorptive domains. Collaborating with the subsequent reflective domains, the designed structure holds two effective attenuation bands under the first Fabry-Pérot resonance frequency. This study would serve as a valuable example for understanding the local and non-local behaviors of sub-wavelength resonating structures. Additionally, it could be applied in selective noise absorption and reflection more flexibly.

A Comparative Study of the Use of Atamagala in Suniyam Shanthikarmaya in the Upcountry, Lowcountry and Sabaragamu Traditions

Atamagala is an unique cultural aspect related to Sinhala folk practices & applications. Among them, the use of Atamagala is more famous as a decoration of Shanthikarma. Sooniyam Shanthikarmaya, which is conducted with the primary objective of eliminating witchcraft, is unique among the Shanthikarma used in Atamagala. The primary objective was to study the use of Atamagala, which is a decoration included in the Souniyam Shanthikarma, which is held with regional diversity in the Upcountry, Lowcountry and Sabaragamuwa, in a comparative manner and does the use and utility of Atamagala change in aforementioned traditions was the research problem. This research utilizes the human genealogical method, conducted under the qualitative method. Library study and field study were used as data collection methods. The methods of field data collection were the observation of Shanthikarma which uses Atamagala, observation of Atamagala creating method and conducting interviews with the experts in the field. Twelve data contributors were selected under judgmental sampling and snowball sampling and interviewed in this research. Atamagala is a basic arrangement built as a house, which is created by using banana pith and banana leaves and a “Yantraya” with eight corners marked inside and a mat is spread in such a way that the patient can sit on it. The primary objective of Atamagala practice is to remove the dosha of the patient. According to the three traditions, diversity can also be identified in the preparation of Atamagala and related rituals in Sooniyam Shanthikarmaya. Although, the Atamagala is a formal structure in Lowcountry and Sabaragamuwa traditions, it is a primitive structure in Upcountry Sooniyam Shanthikarmaya. It is also an unique custom not to cut Atamagala in Upcountry and Sabaragamu tradition. Accordingly, the research is concluded with the fact that the use and utility of Atamagala in Sooniyam Shanthikarma varies according to the traditions.

The Application of Computer-Aided Under-Resourced Language Translation for Malay into Kadazandusun

A computer-aided language translation using a Machine translation (MT) is an application performed by computers (machines) that translates one natural language to another. There are many online language translation tools, but thus far none offers a sequence of text translations for the under-resourced Kadazandusun language. Although there are web-based and mobile applications of Kadazandusun dictionaries available, the systems do not translate more than one word. Hence, this paper aims to present the discussion of the preliminary translation of Malay to Kadazandusun. The basic word-to-word with dictionary alignment translation based on Direct Machine Translation (DMT) is selected to begin the exploration of the translation domain where DMT is one of the earliest translation methods which relies on the word-to-word approach (sequence-to-sequence model). This paper aims to investigate the under-resourced language and the task of translating from the Malay language to the Kadazandusun language or vice versa. This paper presents the application and the process as well as the results of the system according to the basic Kadazandusun word arrangement (Verb-Subject-Object) and its translation quality using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score. Several phases are involved during the process, including data collection (word pair translation), preprocessing, text selection, translation procedures, and performance evaluation. The preliminary language translation approach is proven to be capable of producing up to 0.5 BLEU scores which indicate that the translation is readable, however, requires post-editing for better comprehension. The findings are significant for the quality of the under-resourced language translation and as a starting point for other machine translation methodologies such as statistical or deep learning-based translation.

PENERAPAN VIRTUAL LIGHTING EFFECT PADA PROGRAM MUSIK “HYPERTUNE”

Virtual lighting effect is an imitation or digital replica of the lighting effect fixture that can be manipulated. In implementing the virtual lighting effect, there are several things that need to be considered, including the basic lighting arrangement, the virtual lighting effect arrangement, the lighting effect movement game and the color selection according to the song being sung. If this is not applied optimally it will result in an untidy compositing process so that it can interfere with the visuals displayed such as a spill effect or there is a white line on the object. The purpose of this creation is to apply a virtual lighting effect to a 10-minute "hypertune" music program containing 2 songs. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, the research process goes through three stages, namely pre-production, production and post-production. The method used in the application of the lighting effect is the compositing method by applying the three point of light technique, the position virtual lighting effect technique, and the color selection of the lighting effect. The result of the creation of this work is the three point of light technique is applied with basic lighting arrangements to simplify the cromakey process which results in objects looking dimensional. the position virtual lighting effect technique produces precise lighting effect positions and can create a combination of dynamic lighting effect movements. The lighting effect color selection technique succeeded in building the mood of the song being sung and adding a visual interest to the image Keywords : three point of light, Virtual lighting effect, Compositing

Analysis of gyroid heat exchangers for superconducting electric motors

In this study, gyroid structured heat exchangers are critically analysed in a counterflow arrangement. These are to be analysed to measure their performance in the case of superconducting electric motors using cryogenic fluids at low temperatures. Gyroid structures are useful in heat exchanger design, as they offer more varied and complex geometries that can optimise heat transfer to be more efficient, compared to traditional heat exchanger designs. The manufacture of these heat exchangers is made possible using additive manufacturing, as the complex shape of these structures cannot be made through traditional methods. Simulation analysis results of the gyroid structures are compared to a basic tubular counterflow heat exchanger arrangement, which can be made from more traditional methods. Physical printing of the model is also demonstrated to show its practicality. The comparison of results elucidated the overall effectiveness of the gyroid structures, and how geometries can optimise overall energy transfer, considering heat transfer from fluids, and pressure loss from fluid flow.

Social assistance in the Coronavirus pandemic: the current status of the system and the path to optimization

The social assistance system, as a basic social system arrangement related to the country’s livelihood, has taken constructive temporary measures in the process of epidemic prevention and control of the COVID-19, safeguarding people's lives, maintaining social stability, and producing a wide range of social effects. However, it is also necessary to see that the social assistance system faces the dilemma of increasing the number of people to be assisted, the unsoundness of the emergency operation system, the lack of service level and the poor sustainability of assistance funds under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control. Therefore, we analyze the problems to find the possible optimization path of social assistance, make up the shortcomings of the social assistance system, estimate the participation of social organizations, and improve the response capacity of the social assistance system in the face of major public health events, so as to better play the role of underwriting protection for people's livelihood.

Urban Waterfront Park Plant Landscape Design—Take Ganjiang Citizen Park as an Example

The design of waterfront parks is discussed with the aim of enhancing the ornamental nature of waterfront landscape greenery and enriching urban public space. In the urban waterfront, vegetation is a kind of landscape with various functions such as ecological, ornamental and aesthetic, which plays a pivotal role in improving people’s quality of life, ecological quality of life and urban image. Through the study of the basic principles and arrangement of waterfront urban landscaping, it has certain guiding significance for the planning and arrangement of waterfront park greenery.

THEORETICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ’EXISTENCE OF THE INDONESIAN CORRUPTION ERADICATION COMMISSION AND ITS COMPARISON TO OTHER ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES IN ASIA

Article 3 of the Indonesian Law Number 19 of 2019 stipulates that the Corruption Eradication Commission is a state institution within the executive power branch, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent and free from the influence of any power. The basic arrangement is not without problems, considering the institutional design of the Corruption Eradication Commission was initially stated in the Law Number 30 of 2002 “…a state institution, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent…,” becomes “…state institutions within the executive power branch….” The stipulation in Article 3, also the basic article of the law was confirmed by the Constitutional Court in Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study aims to answer problems of theoretical construction of the commission after the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study used the normative legal research method. The study concluded that, theoretically, there was a shift in the institutional design of the commission, from an independent agency to an independent executive organ, equivalent to the National Police and the Attorney General’s Office of Indonesia. The change is a setback in corruption eradication. Compared to other anti-corruption agencies in Asia, the institutional design is not an ideal condition or best practice. Therefore, legislators should restore the commission as an independent agency.

Analytical Study on the Steady-State Thermal Blooming of Incoherent Combining Beam

The incoherent combined beam of lasers has many important applications due to its simple technology and excellent expansibility. Thermal blooming is one factor that will seriously affect the propagation of the combined beam in the atmosphere. Based on the analytical expression of thermal blooming for a Gaussian beam, the thermal blooming of the incoherent combined beam with a basic arrangement was studied and analyzed. From the evolution of thermal blooming for the incoherent combined beam with a basic arrangement, the thermal blooming for the incoherent combined beam with a complex arrangement can be predicted. As an example, incoherent beams with seven channels were studied. Results show that the thermal lens effect will split the beam located at the central path of heat into two parts.

Role of Heat Release from Inter-Electrode Chemical Crosstalk in Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

While lithium-ion batteries are continually increasing in energy and power density, thermal safety still remains a significant concern. In some thermal abuse scenarios, thermal runaway can be triggered by the exothermic reactions from inter-electrode chemical crosstalk between the cathode and the anode without an internal short circuit. Under these circumstances, the thermal runaway temperature is lower than the separator's thermal shrinkage temperature, implying that the cell's catastrophic thermal runaway occurs without a large-scale short circuit produced by separator failure. These cell failures must be managed such that the neighboring cells in a battery module are not affected, a phenomenon known as thermal runaway propagation. In the present work, we employed a high-resolution cell-level thermal runaway model constructed from the accelerating rate calorimetry data of a commercial Li-ion cell to characterize the cell-to-cell thermal runaway propagation behavior for a basic square arrangement of lithium-ion battery module connected by tabs. We determined safe practices under the effects of different ambient conditions, inter-cell spacing, trigger cell location, and external heating power. Additionally, we have identified the critical pathways for the thermal runaway propagation in the battery module and quantified their statistical distribution in terms of the thermal runaway propagation speed, heat release from exothermic reactions, and heat dissipation to the surroundings. The findings from the study are believed to be of immediate relevance for the safer design of lithium-ion battery packs.

Smears, Laughs, and Barnyard Hokum: Early Jazz Trombone and the Problem of Novelty

Smears, Laughs, and Barnyard Hokum: Early Jazz Trombone and the Problem of Novelty

Monitoreo de la salud estructural de un edificio residencial de muros de corte de hormigón armado en Lima, Perú, utilizando un sensor 4d raspberry shake

Lima, the capital of Peru, has not suffered from a great earthquake since 1746, making this a prone Mw 8.8 earthquake area according to seismological studies. In this context, seismic structural health monitoring presents an opportunity to assess rapidly buildings after a great earthquake and protect inhabitant from those buildings with high risk of collapse due to aftershocks. A basic seismic structural health monitoring arrangement of a fifteenth-floor residential building is presented using a low-cost sensor called Raspberry Shake 4D. The implemented sensor incorporates both a vertical velocity geophone and three orthogonally positioned microelectromechanical systems accelerometers. The building is a reinforced concrete shear walls structure located in Comas, north of Lima. More than thirty seismic events have been recorded, including the Mw 8.0 Lagunas earthquake (05/26/2019) and the Mw 5.8 (22/06/2021) with epicentral distances of 709 km and 94 km, respectively. Acceleration as high as 150 cm/s2 and as low as 2 cm/s2 have been recorded. It was possible to obtain fundamental frequencies of vibration in longitudinal and transversal directions of the building from the response calculated using the wavelet transform that have a good agreement with results of microtremor measurements performed at different floors. The computed scalograms for seismic records showed important values of energy amplitudes for the fundamental frequencies of the building. Finally, theoretical fundamental frequencies were obtained from a 3D finite element model and an elastic analysis.

A fluidic relaxation oscillator for reprogrammable sequential actuation in soft robots

A fluidic relaxation oscillator for reprogrammable sequential actuation in soft robots

Marker-Free, Molecule Sensitive Mapping of Disturbed Falling Fluid Films Using Raman Imaging.

Technical liquid flow films are the basic arrangement for gas fluid transitions of all kinds and are the basis of many chemical processes, such as columns, evaporators, dryers, and different other kinds of fluid/fluid separation units. This publication presents a new method for molecule sensitive, non-contact, and marker-free localized concentration mapping in vertical falling films. Using Raman spectroscopy, no label or marker is needed for the detection of the local composition in liquid mixtures. In the presented cases, the film mapping of sodium sulfate in water on a plain surface as well as an added artificial streaming disruptor with the shape of a small pyramid is scanned in three dimensions. The results show, as a prove of concept, a clear detectable spectroscopic difference between air, back plate, and sodium sulfate for every local point in all three dimensions. In conclusion, contactless Raman scanning on falling films for liquid mapping is realizable without any mechanical film interaction caused by the measuring probe. Surface gloss or optical reflections from a metallic back plate are suppressed by using only inelastic light scattering and the mathematical removal of background noise.

Evolution of germ plasm assembly and function among the insects.

Germ plasm is a substance capable of driving naive cells toward the germ cell fate. Germ plasm has had multiple independent origins, and takes on diverse forms and functions throughout animals, including in insects. We describe here recent advances in the understanding of the evolution of germ plasm in insects. A major theme that has emerged is the complex and convoluted interactions of germ plasm with symbiotic bacteria within the germline, including at the very origin of oskar, the gene required for assembling germ plasm in insects. Major advancements have also been made in understanding the basic molecular arrangement of germ plasm in insects. These advances demonstrate that further analysis of insect germ plasm will be fruitful in illuminating diverse aspects of evolutionary and developmental biology.

Supramolecular Synthon Identification in Azelaic Acid – Isonicotinamide

Supramolecular synthons are the smallest structural units that contain the information inherent in building large molecular assemblies. Here, we apply solid-state NMR methods for the identification of the synthon in a cocrystal of Azelaic acid [(CH2)7(COOH)2]– Isonicotinamide [C6H6N2O]. It is observed that the spin-lattice relaxation time of protons in the cocrystal is long, implying that the choice of experiments, particularly those that involve low-sensitivity nuclei, could be time consuming. It is noticed that the two dimensional 1H double quantum (DQ) – 1H single quantum (SQ) correlation experiment at very fast MAS (60 kHz) is able to provide information on proton-proton proximities that leads to an understanding of the synthon structure. Experiments such as the CP-Reverse CP and 1H–13C HETCOR have been used to obtain spectral assignment which was additionally confirmed by first-principle GIPAW NMR chemical shift calculations. Present study indicates the basic unit to be a heterosynthon in Azelaic acid (AZA) – Isonicotinamide (INIC) cocrystal formed by two different modes of intermolecular connectivity, viz. acid–pyridine and acid–amide hydrogen bonding interactions. The presence of a CH…O type bond involving a hydrogen of INIC is also indicated from the observation of a larger chemical shift of the corresponding proton. The experimental protocol presented in this paper is expected to be a useful tool for the estimation of the basic structural arrangement of the synthons in a rapid fashion.

Control mechanisms: Explaining the integration and versatility of biological organisms

Living organisms act as integrated wholes to maintain themselves. Individual actions can each be explained by characterizing the mechanisms that perform the activity. But these alone do not explain how various activities are coordinated and performed versatilely. We argue that this depends on a specific type of mechanism, a control mechanism. We develop an account of control by examining several extensively studied control mechanisms operative in the bacterium E. coli. On our analysis, what distinguishes a control mechanism from other mechanisms is that it relies on measuring one or more variables, which results in setting constraints in the control mechanism that determine its action on flexible constraints in other mechanisms. In the most basic arrangement, the measurement process directly determines the action of the control mechanism, but in more complex arrangements signals mediate between measurements and effectors. This opens the possibility of multiple responses to the same measurement and responses based on multiple measurements. It also allows crosstalk, resulting in networks of control mechanisms. Such networks integrate the behaviors of the organism but also present a challenge in tailoring responses to particular measurements. We discuss how integrated activity can still result in differential, versatile, responses .