Basic Activities Of Daily Living Scale Research Articles

Frontotemporal-spectrum disorders and functional independence in non-demented ALS patients

BackgroundThe present study aimed at determining whether, net of motor confounders, neuropsychological features affect functional independence (FI) in activities of daily living (ADLs) in non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.MethodsN = 88 ALS patients without frontotemporal dementia were assessed for FI—Katz’s Basic ADL Scale (BADL) and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental ADL Scale (IADL)—, cognition—Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS)—and behaviour—Beaumont Behavioural Inventory and Dimensional Apathy Scale. The association between cognitive and behavioural measures and BADL/IADL scores was assessed by covarying for demographics, anxiety and depression levels, disease duration and motor confounders—i.e. ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores, progression rate and both King’s and Milano-Torino stages.ResultsHigher scores on the ECAS-Language were associated with higher IADL scores (p = 0.005), whilst higher apathetic features—as measured by the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS)—were inversely related to the BADL (p = 0.003). Whilst IADL scores were related to all ECAS-Language tasks, the DAS-Initiation was the only subscale associated with BADL scores. Patients with abnormal ECAS-Language (p = 0.023) and DAS (p = 0.008) scores were more functionally dependent than those without.DiscussionAmong non-motor features, language changes and apathetic features detrimentally affect FI in non-demented ALS patients.

Prevalence of Disability among the Chinese Older Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Disability is an important problem in aging societies globally. However, the research findings of the prevalence of disability have been inconsistent. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of disability and its influencing factors among the Chinese older population from 1979 to 31 July 2021. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using both international (PubMed, Web of Science, CBMdisc, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) and Chinese (CNKI, CQVIP, and WanFang) databases. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were also done. Results: The pooled prevalence of disability across all 97 studies was 26.2% (95% CI: 23.7–28.6%). The estimates varied according to the types of activities of daily living (ADL), gender, age, and region. Studies based on the identification of cases by using the complete ADL scale showed a higher prevalence than those using the basic ADL scale. The prevalence was slightly higher among female older individuals than among male older individuals. The highest rates were seen in older individuals aged 80 years or older. Elders in central China, southwest China, and northwest China were more likely to be BADL-disabled. Conclusion: Prevalence of disability among the Chinese older population is high, around 26%. Using standardized diagnostic systems to correctly estimate the prevalence of disability would be helpful for public health professionals in China.

Evaluation of the Clinical Effects of Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Older Adults

Background: Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are common sleep disorders in older adults. Both are associated with numerous adverse health conditions. Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of insomnia and/or EDS on functionality, gait-balance functions, cognition, mood, falls and fear of falling (FoF) in older adults, to determine its importance in terms of nursing practice and to raise awareness on the subject. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 661 outpatients were included, aged ≥ 65 years. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Comorbidities, falls in the last year and drugs used were recorded. The Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I) was used to determine and classify FoF. MMSE was applied to all patients for neurocognitive evaluation. Activities of daily living were assessed by Basic Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with scores of 8 and over indicated insomnia. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of ≥ 11 points indicated EDS. Results: The mean age was 77.78 ± 7.73 years. The prevalences of EDS, insomnia, and EDS+insomnia were 5.45%, 50.38%, and 12.56%, respectively. As a result of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between EDS+insomnia with moderate and high FoF (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.74 to 2.89), polypharmacy (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.30), BADL (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.96) ), IADL (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.91) and MMSE (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.98) (p<.05). Conclusions: There is a close relationship between EDS+insomnia and FoF, polypharmacy, activities of daily living and cognition in older adults.

Karnofsky Performance Scale validity and reliability of Turkish palliative cancer patients

Background/aim Validated measures in palliative cancer patients are very important in the evaluation and management of the disease. The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) has been used for many years to assess the performance status of cancer patients. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the KPS in cancer patients receiving palliative care in Turkey.Materials and methods Eighty patients with a cancer diagnosis who were admitted to Gaziosmanpaşa University Medical Faculty Hospital Palliative Care Unit between 01.03.2016 and 01.03.2017 were included in the study. KPS, measurements from the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) scale were recorded. The alpha coefficient (Cronbach) was calculated by using SPSS version 20.0. The P-value was accepted as P < 0.05 in the analysis of the data.Results There was a positive and strong correlation between Katz ADL scale total score and KPS score (r = 0.895; P < 0.001). In addition, there was a strong negative correlation between the total score of BADL scale and KPS score (r = –0.894; P < 0.001). As for the reliability of the scale scores, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient found to be 0.720.Conclusion KPS is a reliable scale for Turkish cancer patients in palliative care settings.

Association between activities of daily living disability and depression symptoms of middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their spouses: A community based study

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of activities of daily living (ADL) disability on personal and spouse depression symptoms among Chinese. MethodsWe used data from the baseline and 2013 follow-up surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative survey in 17,708 adults aged 45 years and older, to evaluate cross-sectional and prospective association between ADL disability and depression symptoms of subjects and their spouses. The derived basic ADL scale (BADL) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short form were utilized to assess ADL disability and depressive symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusting for depression risk factors and taking into account the complex survey design and response rate. ResultsThere were 15,890 subjects included in the study. Prevalence of baseline depression symptoms was 29.5% (95%CI 27.9–31.1%), 58.0% (95%CI 54.5–61.4%) and 73.6% (95%CI 70.4–76.8%) in subjects with BADL scores of 0, 1 and ≥2, respectively, and 27.0% (95%CI 25.3–28.7%), 34.2% (95%CI 30.0–38.4%) and 43.8% (95%CI 39.1–48.5%) in subjects without ADL disability while having spouses with BADL scores of 0, 1 and ≥2, respectively. Prospectively, BADL score ≥2 was associated with higher risk of depression symptoms of subjects (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.03–2.57) and their spouses (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.22). LimitationsBias might be introduced because of observational study design, and findings may not be generalizable to younger population. ConclusionsADL disability might have potential to increase risk of depression symptoms of middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their spouses.

Assessment of Individual Activities of Daily Living and its Association with Self-Rated Health in Elderly People of Taiwan

Functional status is an important component of health status of the elderly. However, few studies have discussed the correlation between health status and each item of the activities of daily living scales (ADLs). The aim of this study was to investigate both the prevalence of functional disability in each activity of daily living (ADL) item and the association between each ADL item and the self-rated health of the elderly. A stratified random sample of 302 male and 298 female elderly residents, aged 65 and older, in Miaoli County was drawn. Baseline characteristics, functional status of each ADL item, and self-rated health of the participants were collected. The results showed that the self-rated health status was excellent, good, or fair in 72.3% of the sample, and bad or poor in 27.7%. The most common disability among basic ADLs was transfers (9.3%); the most common disability among instrumental ADLs (IADLs) was transportation (24.7%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that bathing, feeding, dressing, bowel and bladder control, transfers, transportation, and responsibility for own medication, were independently associated factors of self-rated health. Bowel and bladder control (odds ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–12.67) and feeding (odds ratio, 4.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–11.37) were the leading items correlated with self-rated health. In summary, in terms of self-rated health, the most important ADLs were bowel and bladder control and feeding. Further study is warranted to investigate the effects of restoring specific health-related ADL to improve the health of the elderly.