Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol Research Articles

Cluster Based Malicious Node Detection System for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using ANFIS Classifier

Improvement of efficient packet access in a wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc network (MANET) is vital for achieving high speed data rate. The degradation occurs due to identification of malicious node and hence, reducing the severity will be a complex problem due to similar characteristics with trusty nodes in sensing area. In this work, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier based defected node identification system is developed. The conviction parameters to be extract of the reliable and malevolent nodes and these parameters are qualified by ANFIS classifier. Further, the individual nodes in MANET are classified in testing mode of classifier. The network performance will be degraded with the increased number of malicious nodes. Certain conditions like packet delivery ratio, throughput, detection rate, energy consumption, and precision value and link failures occur due to malicious node in the network. The anticipated malicious node detection structure be compare by means of the conservative techniques such as Optimized energy efficient routing protocol (OEERP), Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), Data routing in network aggregation (DRINA)and Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP). The proposed ANFIS classifier is designed in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) and it can be interfaced with NS2 using “c” programming.

Topological localization approach for efficient energy management of WSN

The energy management problem is an inevitable issue with the wireless sensor network (WSN). There is always a need for an energy-conscious model for WSN that will prolong the network lifetime during system execution. Commonly the WSN is distributed in nature as it is used for several applications like localization, surveillance, and object tracking. In such a scenario, energy management is even more critical. In this regard, we propose an energy-efficient topological localization technique called CLOCK- Localization Approach (CLA) that ensures a long lifetime of WSN by eliminating recurrent reclustering and iterative cluster head (CH) selection. CLA follows a CLOCK pattern-based sensor deployment strategy where the selected CHs play a dual role of CH and Vice-CH. It helps to reduce energy consumption and overhead issue. The simulation result shows that the outperformance of the CLA algorithm in comparison to low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy-centralized (LEACH-C) and base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP).

An Integrated Piezoelectric Sensor Based Energy Efficient Transmission Using Base-Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol

A piezoelectric sensor based energy efficient transmission using base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BSCDCP) is proposed in this work. The piezoelectric sensor design and simulation is analyzed with the help of COMSOL finite element modeling and location based energy efficient routing is estimated by BSCDCP hierarchical routing techniques. The sensor voltage 5.2 V–1 g acceleration and electrical load impedance 12 Ω is distributed uniform voltage to all the nodes and analyze piezoelectric sensor performance based on BSCDCP protocol. The number of iterations the life time of sensor node is increasing with the help of piezoelectric sensor. The numerical results show that 95% accuracy when increase the distance and number of nodes also it suggest to improve the life time of piezoelectric sensor. By using BSCDCP protocol, the optimize piezoelectric sensor frequency and generated voltage is enhance and time duration 0.5 µs is achieved and simulation done with number of nodes, which is very fast compared to existing protocol techniques. The overall protocol is best suitable for energy efficient routing for large volume with less latency and accuracy.

An Energy-Aware Method for Selecting Cluster Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include several sensor nodes that have limited capabilities. The most critical restriction in WSNs is energy resources. Moreover, since each sensor node’s energy resources cannot be recharged or replaced, it is inevitable to propose various methods for managing the energy resources. Furthermore, this procedure increases the network lifetime. In wireless sensor networks, the cluster head has a significant impact on system global scalability, energy efficiency, and lifetime. Furthermore, the cluster head is most important in combining, aggregating, and transferring data that are received from other cluster nodes. One of the substantial challenges in a cluster-based network is to choose a suitable cluster head. In this paper, to select an appropriate cluster head, we first model this problem by using multi-factor decision-making according to the four factors, including energy, mobility, distance to centre, and the length of data queues. Then, we use the Cluster Splitting Process (CSP) algorithm and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in order to provide a new method to solve this problem. These four factors are examined in our proposed approach, and our method is compared with the Base station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP) algorithm. The simulation results show the proposed method in improving the network lifetime has better performance than the base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol algorithm. In our proposed method, the energy reduction is almost 5% more than the BCDCP method, and the packet loss rate in our proposed method is almost 25% lower than in the BCDCP method.

VCH-ECCR: A Centralized Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of hundreds to thousands of compact, battery-operated sensors. It is deployed to accumulate useful information from the nearby environment. Depending upon the type of application, the sensors have to work for months to years with a finite energy source. In some extreme environments, the replacement of energy source is challenging and sometimes not feasible. Therefore, it is vital for sensors to perform their duties in an energy efficient way to improve the longevity of the network. This paper proposes an energy-efficient centralized cluster-based routing protocol called Vice-Cluster-Head-Enabled Centralized Cluster-based Routing protocol (VCH-ECCR). The VCH-ECCR uses a two-level hierarchy of vice cluster heads to use the energy of sensors efficiently and to cut back the frequency of the clustering. The performance of VCH-ECCR is compared with low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-Centralized (LEACH-C), and base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP). The experimental results show that the VCH-ECCR outperforms over its comparative in terms of network lifetime, overall energy consumption, and throughput.

Performance Analysis of Malicious Node Detection and Elimination Using Clustering Approach on MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a significant concept of wireless networks which comprises of thousands of nodes that are mobile as well as autonomous and they do not requires any existing network infrastructure. The autonomous nodes can freely and randomly move within the network which can create temporary dynamic network and these networks can change their topology frequently. The security is the primary issue in MANET which degrades the network performance significantly. In this paper, cluster based malicious node detection methodology is proposed to detect and remove the malicious nodes. Each node within the cluster gets the cluster key from the cluster head and this key is used for the data transaction between cluster head and node. The cluster head checks this key for every data transaction from node and match with their cluster table. If match is valid, and then only it will recognize that this node is belongs to this cluster, otherwise it is decided as malicious node. This paper also discusses the detection of link failure due to the presence of malicious node by determining the gain of each link in the network. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using packet delivery ratio, network life time, and throughput and energy consumption. The proposed malicious node detection system is compared with the conventional techniques as OEERP (Optimized energy efficient routing protocol), LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy), DRINA (Data routing for In-network aggregation) and BCDCP (Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol).

Arranging cluster sizes and transmission ranges for wireless sensor networks

Hierarchical routing is an efficient way to lower energy consumption within a cluster. Due to the characteristics of wireless channels, multi-hop communications between a data source and a data sink are usually more energy efficient than direct transmission. However, because the cluster heads (CHs) closer to the data sink are burdened with heavy relay traffic, they drain much faster than other CHs. This paper presents a cluster-based routing protocol called “arranging cluster sizes and transmission ranges for wireless sensor networks (ACT).” The aim is to reduce the size of clusters near the base station (BS), as CHs closer to the BS need to relay more data. The proposed method allows every CH to consume approximately the same amount of energy so that the CHs near the BS do not exhaust their power so quickly. Furthermore, we separate the network topology into multiple hierarchical levels to prolong network lifetime. Simulation results show that our clustering mechanism effectively improves the network lifetime over LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), BCDCP (Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) and MR-LEACH (multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy).

A Clustering Protocol with Mode Selection for Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract —Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way, since their energy is limited. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we introduce a clustering protocol with mode selection (CPMS) for wireless sensor networks. Our scheme improves the performance of BCDCP (Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) and BIDRP (Base Station Initiated Dynamic Routing Protocol) routing protocol. In CPMS, the base station constructs clusters and makes the head node with the highest residual energy send data to the base station. Furthermore, we can save the energy of head nodes by using the modes selection method. The simulation results show that CPMS achieves longer lifetime and more data message transmissions than current important clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks.

Dynamic Hierarchical Communication Paradigm for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Centralized, Energy Efficient Approach

Effective utilization of limited power resources by the sensors is pre-eminent to wireless sensor networks. Organizing the network into balanced clusters based on assigning equal number of sensors to each cluster may have the consequence of unbalanced load on the cluster heads. By-product of this is unbalanced consumption of energy by the nodes which leads to minimization of network lifetime. We put forth a Sink administered Load balanced Dynamic Hierarchical Protocol (SLDHP) to balance the load on the principal nodes. Hierarchical layout of the sensors endows the network with increased lifespan. Outcome of this protocol also includes substantial saving of the energy consumed by the nodes. Simulation results indicate significant improvement of performance over Base station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP).

DATA MINING VIA MINIMAL SPANNING TREE CLUSTERING FOR PROLONGING LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Clustering is applied in wireless sensor networks for increasing energy efficiency. Clustering methods in wireless sensor networks are different from those in traditional data mining systems. This paper proposes a novel clustering algorithm based on Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) and Maximum Energy resource on sensors named MSTME. Also, specified constrains of clustering in wireless sensor networks and several evaluation metrics are given. MSTME performs better than already known clustering methods of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP) in wireless sensor networks when they are evaluated by these evaluation metrics. Simulation results show MSTME increases energy efficiency and network lifetime compared with LEACH and BCDCP in two-hop and multi-hop networks, respectively.

A centralized energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network. Several network layer protocols have been proposed to improve the effective lifetime of a network with a limited energy supply. In this article we propose a centralized routing protocol called base-station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP), which distributes the energy dissipation evenly among all sensor nodes to improve network lifetime and average energy savings. The performance of BCDCP is then compared to clustering-based schemes such as low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-centralized (LEACH-C), and power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS). Simulation results show that BCDCP reduces overall energy consumption and improves network lifetime over its comparatives.