Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Research Articles

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx: an analysis of 213 cases.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a poor prognosis. No large series of exclusively hypopharyngeal BSCC patients have been previously reported. Therefore, this retrospective population-based study aims to explain the patient demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, incidence, and survival outcomes of hypopharyngeal BSCC and how it relates to conventional-type SCC. The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database registry was queried for patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal BSCC and conventional-type SCC between 2001 and 2016. The incidence of hypopharyngeal BSCC from 2001 to 2016 was 0.0161 per 100,000 individuals. The BSCC group comprised 213 patients, and the SCC group 7958 patients. The majority of BSCCs were considered high grade (Grade III/IV, 89.58%). Most BSCC patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage IV, 65.38%). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates for hypopharyngeal BSCC were 84.10%, 57.40%, and 46.20%, respectively. Multivariate analysis, after adjustment for sex, age, race, tumor location, grade, and AJCC stage, showed that patients with BSCC had significantly better DSS than those with conventional-type SCC. Surgery with radiation contributed to a favorable DSS for BSCC patients in comparison with other treatments. This analysis of the largest hypopharyngeal BSCC series indicates a better prognosis for this pathologic type compared with conventional-type hypopharyngeal SCC. Multimodality treatment with surgery and radiation may result in a favorable prognosis for hypopharyngeal BSCC patients.

Comparative Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics, Survival Features, and Protein Expression Between Basaloid and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus.

BackgroundBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. This study aimed to assess the discrepancy in clinicopathological characteristics and protein expression between esophageal BSCC and typical esophageal SCC.Study DesignWe reviewed 40 cases of esophageal BSCC. As controls, 63 well-differentiated SCC (WSCC) patients, 70 moderately differentiated SCC (MSCC) patients, and 51 poorly differentiated SCC (PSCC) patients were selected. The clinicopathologic characteristics and immunoreactivity of Ki-67, p53, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were then evaluated in the BSCC and typical SCC patients.ResultsThe 5-year survival rates for the BSCC patients were 27.5%. The prognostic outcomes of the BSCC group were similar to those of the PSCC and MSCC groups but worse than that of the WSCC group, with a significant difference (P=0.045). Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in the BSCC group than that in the WSCC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the expression of the other molecular markers (p53, p63, and EGFR) between the typical SCC and BSCC groups (P > 0.05). The median survival time of esophageal the BSCC patients with low p53 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with high p53 expression (P=0.026). Further, the median survival time of the esophageal BSCC patients with high p63 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with low p63 expression (P=0.041). Meanwhile, Ki-67 and EGFR expressions were not correlated with OS in the BSCC group.ConclusionEsophageal BSCC has a more clinically virulent course. Notably, p53 and p63 expression are associated with prognosis in BSCC. These findings conject that evaluation of multiple cancer biomarkers might be a promising auxiliary diagnostic indicator in BSCC.

Difference in characteristics and outcomes of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, usual type in cervix: A population-based study from SEER 18 database.

Cervical basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with little recognition. Our objective was to identify difference in characteristics and outcomes between BSCC and squamous cell carcinoma, usual type (SSC, UT). A total of 32 BSCC patients and 6387 SCC, UT patients, diagnosed from 2004 to 2014, were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. More BSCC patients presented with older age as compared to SCC, UT (patients over 40 years old: 87.5%vs 60.5%, P <.01). Univariate survival analysis shows that overall survival (OS) and disease-specified survival (DSS) in the BSCC group were slightly better than SCC, UT group, but without statistical significance. Furthermore, BSCC presented similar prognosis in both DSS and OS compared to SCC, UT when matching other parameters with the propensity score matching methods. BSCC tends to appear in older people. However, BSCC appears to carry a similar prognosis compared to SCC, UT.

Survival rate variation with different histological subtypes of poor prognostic male anal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study.

Background and objectiveThe prognosis of male anal squamous cell carcinoma (MASCC) and female anal squamous cell carcinoma (FASCC) is variable. The influence of tumor subtype on the survival rate and gender is poorly known. Our study is the largest population-based study and aims to outline the difference in survival between MASCC and FASCC patients.MethodsA retrospective population-based study was performed to compare the disease-specific mortalities (DSMs) between genders related to the tumor subtypes. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database was employed to obtain the data from January 1988 to December 2014.ResultsA total of 4,516, (3,249 males and 1,267 females), patients with anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) were investigated. The 5-year DSMs were 24.18% and 18.08% for men and women, respectively. The univariate analysis of the male basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and cloacogenic carcinoma (CC) patients demonstrated higher DSMs (P <0.001). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis, BSCC and CC were associated with soaring DSMs in male patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the cohort of BSCC and CC patients, male patients demonstrated a considerable decrease in survival rate compared to females. A more precise classification of ASCC and individualized management for MASCC are warranted.

PD-L1 expression in basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma: Relationship to PD-1+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells and outcome

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors demonstrated durable clinical responses in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the expression pattern of PD-L1 and the presence of CD8+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells in the basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma remain unknown. immunohistochemistry analysis of PD-L1 expression, with three recently validated monoclonal antibodies used in clinical trials (clones SP142, SP263, and 28-8), and detection of CD8+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells was performed on whole-tissue sections from 56 patients following surgery for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Data were correlated to clinicopathological parameters and outcome. Fair to poor concordance was observed between the SP142 vs SP263 clones, and SP142 vs 28-8 (κ range, 0.018–0.412), while the 28-8 and SP263 demonstrated a strong correlation in both the tumor cell and immune cell compartments (κ=0.883, and κ=0.721). Expression of PD-L1 correlated with a high content of CD8+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells when using SP142 (P=0.012; P=0.022), but not with SP263 or 28-8 (P=0.314; P=0.611). In the multivariate analysis, we found significantly better disease-free and overall survival rates for high PD-L1 expression with SP142, CD8+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (P=0.003; P=0.007). No significant prognosis value was observed for SP263 and 28-8 clones, except a correlation between improved overall survival and SP263 in the univariate analysis (P=0.039), not confirmed in the multivariate model. In conclusion, we report that the expression of PD-L1 and the content of CD8+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells is an independent indicator of better outcome in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma patients, although the observed effect is dependent on the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay.

Abstract 2218: Distribution and prognostic relevance of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage pulmonary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background: The activation of immune cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promising results with increased patient survival in several types of cancer. Since no data exist for pulmonary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), we aimed to characterize the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 as well as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in operable BSCC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included 57 patients with operable stages I-III BSCC. The expression of PD-L1 (clone SP142, Spring Bioscience), PD-1 (clone NAT105, Ventana) and CD8 (clone SP57, Ventana) was evaluated by automated immunohistochemical analysis in FFPE specimens of BSCC. PD-L1 expression was scored on tumor cells (TC3≥50% positive tumor cells; TC2≥5% but &amp;lt;50% positive tumor cells; TC1≥1% but &amp;lt;5% of positive tumor cells; and TC0&amp;lt;1% positive tumor cells) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC3≥10% of positive immune cells; IC2≥5% but &amp;lt;10% of positive immune cells; IC1≥ 1% but &amp;lt;5% of positive immune cells; and IC0&amp;lt; 1% of positive immune cells). Survival analysis was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC1-3) was observed in 30% of patients (17/57), with high-PD-L1 expressing TC (TC2/3) in 14% of cases (8/57). PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells was noticed in 36% of patients (20/57), with high-PD-L1 expressing IC (IC2/3) in 18% of cases (10/57). PD-L1 expression strongly correlated with CD8+ TILs and PD-1+ expression. CD8+ TILs infiltrated the tumors in three different patterns (stromal, peritumoral, diffuse). High PD-L1 expression either on TC or IC was significantly associated with better progression-free survival (PFS) (TC0, P = 0.024; TC0/IC0, P = 0.03) and overall survival (OS) (TC0, P = 0.01; TC0/IC0, P = 0.007) in BSCC patients. High amounts of TILs and PD-1+ cells were significantly correlated with improved PFS (TILs, P = 0.035; PD-1+, P = 0.007) and OS (TILs, P = 0.016; PD-1+, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Increased PD-L1 TC and IC levels, TILs density and PD-1+ infiltrates are associated with better outcome in early-stage BSCC. Assessment of PD-L1 expression along with PD-1+ and CD8+ TILs could be useful to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in BSCC. [M.I. and C.B. contributed equally to this work.] Citation Format: Marius Ilie, Catherine Butori, Véronique Hofman, Christelle Bonnetaud, Sandra Lassalle, Elodie Long, Salomé Lalvée, Nicolas Vénissac, Jérôme Mouroux, Charles Hugo Marquette, Paul Hofman. Distribution and prognostic relevance of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage pulmonary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2218.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: An analysis of 92 cases

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is considered a rare and possibly more aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant. Until now, a series of exclusively oral cavity BSCC patients has not been previously reported. We endeavored to compare BSCC and SCC of the oral cavity, focusing on epidemiologic factors and survival outcomes. Retrospective analysis of population-based data. We compared epidemiologic factors, clinicopathologic data, and disease-specific survivals (DSS) between 92 patients with oral cavity BSCC and 15,181 patients with SCC. High-grade tumors and distant metastases were more common in the BSCC group (P≤0.001). On multivariable analysis controlling for disease stage, BSCC patients had similar DSS to those with typical SCC (P=0.231). Although there was a trend favoring definitive radiotherapy for BSCC, there were no significant differences in treatment approach between BSCC and SCC. The choice of treatment modality (radiation, surgery±radiation) did not reveal a difference in DSS between the two tumor subtypes. Analysis of the largest oral cavity BSCC series to date demonstrates that BSCC of the oral cavity carries a comparable prognosis to conventional-type oral SCC. 2b.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Location means everything

Head and neck basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is increasingly recognized as a malignancy with an evolving duel behavior. Our objective was to describe the site-specific presentation and prognosis of head and neck BSCC in comparison to conventional-type squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using population-based data. A total of 1,083 BSCC patients and 66,929 conventional-type SCC patients, diagnosed between 2000 and 2008, were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Clinicopathologic data were compared using χ(2) analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate site-stratified disease-specific survival (DSS). BSCC's independent effect on DSS was assessed by multivariable regression analysis. The oropharynx (61.9%) was the most frequent BSCC site; compared to the larynx (33.3%) in conventional-type SCC. More BSCC patients presented with advanced-stage disease (78.4% vs. 60.1%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, DSS was significantly better in the BSCC group when tumors were located in the oropharynx. Conversely, DSS was worse for BSCC patients with laryngeal tumors. DSS was similar among patients with sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and oral tumors. BSCC's propensity for advanced-stage presentation was confirmed in this study. However, BSCC appears to carry a paradoxically similar, or better, prognosis compared to conventional-type SCC in most cases.

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx: An Analysis of 650 Cases

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is considered an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant. However, we hypothesized that BSCC of the oropharynx may carry a similar prognosis to SCC. A series of exclusively oropharyngeal BSCC patients has not been previously reported. Our objective was to describe the clinical presentation and prognosis of BSCC in a large series of patients with BSCC of the oropharynx and to compare these with a series of patients with conventional-type oropharyngeal SCC. Retrospective analysis of population-based data. Data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program are based on medical records of patients who are treated at academic medical centers, community and county hospitals, and health maintenance organizations. Clinicopathologic data and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared between 650 patients with oropharyngeal BSCC and 19,484 with SCC. High-grade tumors and nodal metastasis were more common in the BSCC group (P < .02). On multivariable analysis controlling for disease stage, BSCC patients had improved DSS (P < .001). More BSCC patients received multimodality treatment (P < .001). Disease-specific survival was similar in BSCC and SCC patients who were treated with primary surgery; however, among patients who received radiotherapy, DSS was better for those with BSCC (P < .04). Analysis of the largest oropharyngeal BSCC series to date demonstrates that BSCC of the oropharynx carries a more favorable prognosis than conventional-type oropharyngeal SCC.

Abstract 734: Frequency and type of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract

Abstract Recent reports on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status predicts response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment signifies the importance of molecular footprint of EGFR. The mass array system has emerged as a more sensitive and economical method of mutation typing than direct sequencing. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. We observed unexceptional EGFR expression in this type of malignancy by immunohistochemistry, and 23 cases (8 hypopharynx, 7 esophagus, 3 oropharynx, 2 oral cavity, 1 larynx, 1 paranasal sinus, 1 external auditory canal) with diffuse EGFR positivity were subjected to mutation analysis. Briefly, genome DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks were run through ASAN Panel, which addresses 74 somatic mutations including 38 point and 36 indel mutations for EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes. Amplified PCR products in 8 separated multiplex fashion were treated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase, and followed by single base extension reaction using iPLEX-Pro kit from Sequenom with extension primers that hybridize immediately adjacent to the mutations. After incubation with resin for removing salt adductive, products were transferred to SpectroCHIPII for analysis using MALDI-ToF. Eight cases (35%) of BSCC were found to have substitution mutations or deletions in EGFR exon 18∼21, including both sensitive (L858R, del19) and resistant types (T790M) to EGFR-TKI. Two cases showed KRAS or PIK3CA point mutation. The results confirmed the mismatch between EGFR expression and mutation status in BSCC, and the presence of various mutations like NSCLC. Tailoring EGFR-TKI therapy for a subset of BSCC patients is in prospect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 734. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-734

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a rare carcinoma with distinct characteristics. No standard treatment has been established. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal BSCC. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 26 patients with pathologically confirmed esophageal BSCC who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy between January 1995 and June 2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. Clinicopathologic data between BSCC patients and different histologic grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients were statistically compared by means of the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. Microscopically, BSCC was characterized by a nesting, lobular, or trabecular arrangement of small crowded cells with scant cytoplasm. None of the histologic specimens taken at preoperative esophagoscopy were diagnosed as BSCC. The median survival time (MST) of the 26 patients was 29.0 months (95% confidence interval, 9.0-49.0), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 73.1, 42.7, and 36.6%, respectively. The MST for BSCC patients was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated SCC patients (P = 0.024), but there were no significant differences between the MST for BSCC patients and that of moderately or poorly differentiated SCC patients (P > 0.05). BSCC of the esophagus is a rare but distinctive disease and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The prognosis is poorer than well-differentiated SCC, but similar to moderately or poorly differentiated SCC.

A clinicopathologic study on basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the oral and maxillofacial region

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To investigate its clinical behavior and prognosis, 15 patients with BSCC in the oral and maxillofacial region were clinically analyzed and compared with 15 patients with conventional SCC matched for site, stage, gender and age. To understand its immunohistochemical features, sections for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CK 13. CK 7, CK 8, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 were reviewed from 12 patients with BSCC. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis of BSCC was as high as 67% and that of distant metastasis 13%. The tumor recurrence rate was 33% and the 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 53% and 32%, respectively. For conventional SCC, the cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 27%, that of distant metastasis 7%, tumor recurrence rate was 33%, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 80% and 70%, respectively. In most BSCC patients (10/12) the PCNA index was over 50%. Twelve BSCC patients were diagnosed with grade II or III conventional SCC when the original records of the primary diagnosis for the 15 patients with BSCC were reviewed. The biological behavior and prognosis of BSCC are similar to those of poorly differentiated SCC.

Evolution et pronostic du carcinome basaloïde squameux des voies aéro-digestives supérieures: Etude cas-témoins à propos de 49 cas

The course and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) are not well known.To study the course and prognosis in a population of BSCC patients.We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 49 patients with BSCC in comparison with a cross-matched population of 49 patients treated for well- to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).The statistical analysis showed that survival in BSCC group was lower than in the SCC group. Local recurrence in the BSCC group was not higher than in the SCC group, but mortality by distant metastasis was six times higher than in the SCC population.We consider BSCC patients as a high-risk population and we complete diagnosis explorations including a FDG-PET before curative treatment. We also recommend post-operative or exclusive radiotherapy which may be associated with concomitant chemotherapy.