Bartlett's Test Of Sphericity Research Articles

Development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire to measure university students' knowledge on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. This study developed and validated a questionnaire to assess university students' knowledge regarding the effects of alcohol during pregnancy. We designed an instrument with true-false-I do not know statements. Initially, 45 true statements were formulated and subjected to content validation by 19 experts. Based on the Content Validity Index (CVI), 17 items were selected. The instrument, called the Fetal Alcohol Consequences Test (FACT), was first assessed by 31 university students for the level of understanding. Then, the questionnaire was administered to a national Brazilian sample of university students, and an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted. Each correct FACT answer was worth 1 point, and the knowledge was categorized as high (total score ≥ 80%), moderate (score between 60 and 79%), and low (score ≤ 59%). When the questionnaire was being designed, the CVI values ranged from 0.779 to 1.0, and all statements were considered suitable by the target audience. For psychometric evaluation, 768 students from 24 Brazilian states participated. In the EFA, five statements were removed, revealing a tool with 12 items and two latent factors: "fetal alcohol spectrum disorders" and "conceptions and guidance on alcohol consumption during pregnancy." The KMO index (0.76426) and Bartlett's sphericity test (6362.6, df = 66, p < 0.00001) both supported the final EFA model. The goodness-of-fit indices for the factor structure were adequate: χ2 = 119.609, df = 43, p < 0.00001; RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.977; TLI = 0.965. The mean total FACT score among participants was 7.71 ± 2.98, with a median of 8; 32.03% of the students had high (10-12 points), 24.09% moderate (8-9 points), and 43.88% low knowledge (<8 points). The questionnaire proved reliable, with a floor effect of 1.17%, a ceiling effect of 9.25%, and a Cronbach's alpha index of 0.798. The FACT can be utilized in university students' health education processes, contributing to greater knowledge and information dissemination about the effects of alcohol during pregnancy, in addition to the formulation of policies on the subject directed to this group of young adults.

Creating and Validating a Questionnaire for Assessing Dentists' Self-Perception on Oral Healthcare Management-A Pilot Study.

Questionnaires designed to test knowledge and self-perception can be valuable tools for diagnosing a dentist's understanding of the management and administration of a practice. The objective of this study was to create and authenticate a questionnaire for assessing dentists' self-perception on oral healthcare management developed from discussions with experts in this field. In order to create and verify a questionnaire survey, a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out. Participants' personal information and 31 statements across four categories made up the final questionnaire form. The answers to the questionnaire were in the form of a Likert scale. After refining the initial version, a total of 36 interviews were conducted at dental offices to verify the validity. For the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), we used the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index, the Bartlett sphericity test, and also Cronbach alpha coefficient for the validity of the questionnaire. The accuracy of the instrument was measured by intrarater and interrater reliability. For the EFA, all the communalities exceeded the threshold of 0.05. With a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.898, the questionnaire has sufficient internal consistency. The questionnaire demonstrates robust reliability and validity, thereby affirming its suitability for its intended purpose.

Development and validation of a scale to measure social isolation in adolescents.

There is a lack of questionnaires specifically designed to assess social isolation in adolescents. We developed and validated a self-report measure of social isolation in adolescents, the Social Isolation Questionnaire (QIS). A literature review on social isolation and mental health in adolescents indicated 20 questions to form QIS. Two cross-sectional surveys with 48 and 1135 adolescents, respectively, evaluated the reproducibility and validity of QIS. The Bland-Altman plot did not indicate a systematic difference between measurements 15 days apart. Bartlett's sphericity test verified a correlation between the questions and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test showed good adequacy (.896) to the factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggested the exclusion of three questions (loading factors <0.3), and eigenvalues (4.9-0.8) indicated that the questionnaire should be composed of three factors (dimensions). The Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency of the 17 questions (0.850 overall; Dimensions: 0.815 'feeling of loneliness'; 0.760 'friendship'; and, 0.680 'Family support'). The QIS score ranged from 0 to 131 (maximum social isolation score). The correlation between QIS and depressive symptoms (r = .543) indicated the construct validity of QIS. We evaluated QIS in the Portuguese version, thus translation and cultural adaptation are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire in other settings. We constructed and validated the QIS questionnaire, a self-administered questionnaire to assess social isolation in adolescents, composed of three dimensions; feelings of loneliness, friendship and family support. The QIS questionnaire seems a very promising tool to support practitioners and researchers in assessing social isolation among adolescents.

Psychometric properties of a modified health belief model for cervical cancer and visual inspection with acetic acid among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia.

Evidence supports that the Health Belief Model (HBM) can explain and predicts certain health behaviors, including participation in cervical cancer (CC) screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a modified HBM for CC and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in female healthcare professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Psychometric properties related to CC and VIA were tested using 42-item modified HBM self-administered questionnaire and a cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's sphericity test indicated that data sampling adequacy for exploratory factor analysis was 0.792 (χ2 = 3189.95, df = 351, p < .001). Items with cross-loading and factor loadings ≥ 0.5 were retained. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine model fit. The final analysis included 194 women, (mean age 30±4.34). Twelve items with ≤ 0.5 were removed and 30 retained items loaded into 6 factors; (benefits of VIA, perceived seriousness of CC, barrier (fear of negative outcome), self-efficacy, susceptibility to CC, and barriers (health system delivery)) explained 65% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha for the total instrument was 0.8 and reliability for the 6 subscales was 0.76-0.92. Composite reliability and average variance extracted indicated good internal consistency and convergent validity. CFA identified 6 additional items to be removed with high residual covariance. The final 24 items of the modified HBM had an acceptable model fit (goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.861, adjusted GFI = 0.823, comparative fit index = 0.937, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059). The modified HBM for CC and VIA with 24 items had adequate psychometric properties and may be used by Ethiopian healthcare professionals for research or clinical purposes. To support external validity the updated 24 items tool is suggested for application in further study in different populations in Ethiopia.

Reliability and validity of the training satisfaction questionnaire for family members (TSQ-FM) entering the ICU during an isolation disease outbreak

BackgroundThe presence of family members in an isolated ICU during an isolation disease outbreak is restricted by hospital policies because of the infectious risk. This can be overcome by conferring to family members the skill and the ability to safely don and doff the personal protective equipment (PPE) through a nurse-led training intervention and assess their satisfaction, to respond to the need to define a safe, effective and quality care pathway focused on Family-Centered Care (FCC) principles. Objectivethe study aimed to build a valid and reliable instrument for clinical practice to assess family members’ satisfaction to allow ICU nurses to restore family integrity in any case of infectious disease outbreak that requires isolation. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to test the psychometric properties. The questionnaire was constructed based on a literature review on the needs of family members in the ICU. 76 family members were admitted to a COVID-ICU. Cronbach's coefficient, Geomin rotated loading, and EFA were applied to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument. ResultsThe Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.662, the Bartlett sphericity test showed a significant p-value (χ²=448.33; df=45; p < 0.01), Cronbach's alpha coefficient was.896. A further CFA analysis confirmed that all fit indices were acceptable. The results showed satisfactory validity and reliability, which could be generalized and extended to any outbreak of isolation disease. ConclusionsThis study provides a valid and reliable instrument for clinical practice to maintain family integrity in the dyadic relationship between the patient and the family member, even during an emergency infectious disease outbreak that requires isolation.

Perceived Physical Literacy Scale for Secondary School Students: A Study on Validity and Reliability

The purpose of this research is to develop a physical literacy scale for secondary school students. 650 students from 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades participated in the research. The draft form was prepared by reviewing the literature and taking expert opinions. Interviews were conducted with 40 students to test the comprehensibility of the items (the wording of 5 items was revised). As a result of the pilot reliability analysis and Bartlett's sphericity test, it was accepted that the correlation between the variables was sufficient, and the scale consisted of questions with a unique and homogeneous structure. Then, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett and Cronbach Alpha values were checked, and they were determined to be suitable and sufficient for EFA. As a result of EFA, 20 items collected in 4 factors were obtained. The variance explained by these factors is 58.442%. As a result of the CFA conducted in SPSS AMOS 24 programme, 3 items that did not meet the model fit index criteria were removed. It was determined that the standardized item loadings of the 17 items that met the model fit conditions ranged between 0.654-0.895, R2 values ranged between 0.43-0.80 and standard errors ranged between 0.045-0.102. Regarding reliability, AVE, CR, and internal consistency coefficients were examined, and it was determined that they meet the specified criteria. The final version of the scale consists of four sub-dimensions ("Motivation", "Knowledge and Understanding", "Confidence" and "Physical Competence"). In conclusion, it was determined that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing students' perceptions of physical literacy.

Assessing anxiety symptom severity in Rwandese adolescents: cross-gender measurement invariance of GAD-7.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems experienced by adolescents worldwide because of their evident significant impact on their quality of life and functioning. The generalized anxiety disorder item (GAD-7) was manufactured to identify the severity of self-reported anxiety symptoms. Efforts to address and screen for mental health problems in Rwanda have been limited, and the importance of screening for anxiety disorders is high. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Kinyarwanda version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7, and then test the measurement invariance of the GAD-7 by gender. We used the Rwandese version of GAD-7 among secondary school students in Kigali city (n=1813). Measurement invariance of the GAD-7 across gender and report on anxiety symptom severity prevalence. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine measurement invariance. Our findings demonstrated that in the sample of 1813 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years, generalized anxiety symptoms prevalence rates were higher in females (46.4%) than males (n= 29.8%) GAD-7 demonstrated good reliability and validity coefficients with a Cronbach's α of .077 and KMO and Bartlett test of Sphericity = 0.835. In addition to these psychometric properties, the GAD-7 screening scale had equivalence for configural and metric invariance across groups with excellent fit indices, and we confirmed partial scalar invariance across groups. The GAD-7 can be used in cross-group comparison of generalized anxiety disorder prevalence, and we acknowledge that full scalar invariance is generally difficult to confirm, especially due to gender differences. We recommend that future studies further investigate populations living in rural areas and conduct trials that will focus on anxiety-specific treatment in Rwandan Clinical health care centers to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this screening tool.

Development and Validation of Information Technology Scale in Nursing.

The implementation of information technology (IT) in patient care is on the rise. The nursing workforce should be prepared for using such technology to support the delivery of patient-centered care. The integration of informatics into nursing practice has been progressing at a slower rate than the development of advancements and in which areas nurses use IT is still not clear. Our objective was to develop a new instrument to determine the usage of IT in nursing practice. A methodological study was conducted with factor analyses. A total of 498 registered nurses in a university hospital (n = 374) and primary care centers (n = 124) participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics and an item pool with 50 statements were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the instrument were statistically tested by computing the Keiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests, an exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, and a confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument extracted eight factors comprising 39 items that explained 55% of the variance: professional autonomy(α = 0.82), data sharing/communication(α = 0.80), data management (α = 0.79), professional development (α = 0.71), administration (α = 0.76), research (α = 0.76), informing (α = 0.68), and classification of interventions (α = 0.75). Total reliability was 0.936. KMO index and a measure of sampling adequacy were high (0.936); the Bartlett test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.005). Study provided the evidence for the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness of the 39-item "The Information Technology Scale in Nursing." Further testing of the developed instrument with a larger number of nurses from various backgrounds and different settings is recommended.

Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians-Italian Version (MPIIQM-IT): Multicenter Validation, Translation and Cultural Adaptation.

The study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM) in an Italian population of professional and amateur musicians. The translation and cultural adaptation process followed international guidelines, while the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed against the COSMIN checklist. The internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (a) coefficient. Construct validity was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring (PAF) extraction. The sample adequacy and data suitability were assessed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests, respectively. Concurrent validity was analyzed by assessing Pearson's correlation coefficient with the Italian version of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ-I). Finally, the cross-cultural validity was investigated by analyzing score differences between amateur and professional musicians, and differences based on musical practice habits. The tool was administered to 311 subjects recruited from across Italy. The MPIIQM-IT was found to have high levels of internal consistency for the entire tool and each of the two subscales (Cronbach's a = 0.875, 0.877, and 0.845, respectively). The recruited sample was found to be adequate (KMO = 0.810) and the data suitable (C2 = 341.040, p < 0.001) for factor analysis, which produced 9 items contained in two main factors. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed a positive, statistically significant correlation between the MSK-HQ-I and the two subscales of the MPIIQM-IT with p < 0.01. Analysis of Student's t-test for independent samples and the ANOVA test for continuous variables showed statistically significant differences between male and female, professional and non-professional musicians, and conservatory and non-conservatory students. The MPIIQM-IT is a valid and reliable tool, useful for investigating the presence of pain and playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in both professional and non-professional musicians.

Growth of Information Technology – Ethical and Social issues: A Case Study

Abstract: The present study is conducted among 283 studentsfrom Kerala to identify the harm and ethical and social issues in the field of information technology and to classify the immoral practices that students are doing in this field. First various important issues in the field of IT in the social and ethicalareas are discussed. Then the cases considered as the most commonly used immoral activities, are selected for evaluation, and the participants ranked these activities according to the method presented in the questionnaire. These activities are examined and analyzed descriptively by SPSS program, reliability of the questionnaire is measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Bartlett Test of Sphericity and KMO index and the validity of the results is verified using T-test and the results are ranked based on the first performance that happens frequently and the last performance that happens rarely or never. Finally, a set of strategies are presented for preventing ethical abuse in the field of Information Technology so that the challenges are reduced.

P993 IMPACT-III and IMPACT-III-P questionnaires: the transcultural adaptation and validation in Spanish families. A SEGHNP (Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) multicenter study

Abstract Background IMPACT-III and IMPACT-III-P are Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaires for pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (p-IBD) patients and their parents/caregivers. They consist of 35 items answered with a 1-5 points Likert scale that evaluate six domains. Higher scores indicate better HRQoL. IMPACT-III has been translated into over 70 languages and validated in several countries. However, the existing IMPACT-III Spanish translation showed room for improvement and none of the tools had been validated in our population. We aimed to perform a transcultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish versions. Methods With permission from the questionnaires’ authors, we performed the translation and back-translation by professional translators, followed by evaluation by an expert committee and a small group of p-IBD families (n=12). Members of the SEGHNP (Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) were invited to recruit p-IBD patients aged 10-18 and their families (February’21-November’22) to complete the questionnaires. Demographical and clinical data of the p-IBD participants were analyzed. Validation was performed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (considering 0.8-0.9 a good internal consistency) and a confirmatory factorial analysis with Varimax rotation (desirable values &amp;gt;0.5). The Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) measure (&amp;gt;0.5 good correlation) and the Bartlett’s sphericity test (p&amp;lt;0.05) were calculated to confirm the adequacy of the factor analysis. The utility (method and completion time) was considered. The correlation coefficient between IMPACT-III and IMPACT-III-P was analyzed. Data were collected and analyzed with REDCap and Stata 16. Results We included 370 patients and 356 parents/guardians from 37 hospitals. Descriptive statistics of the participants are shown in table 1. The KMO measure (0.8998 and 0.9228, respectively) and the Bartlett's sphericity test (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 for both) confirmed the factor analysis’ adequacy. The factorial model with four factors, complying with Kaiser’s criterion, explained 89.19% and 88.87% of the variance in the model. Cronbach's alpha (0.9123 and 0.9383) indicated excellent internal consistency. The use of a Likert scoring system and the completion median time of 10 minutes for both tools was considered optimal. The correlation coefficient was 0.92, which was considered excellent. Conclusion The SEGHNP versions of the IMPACT-III and IMPACT-III-P are valid and reliable to use with Spanish p-IBD families. Our findings suggest a 4-factor scores in both questionnaires, although the optimal factor structure should be further examined. In our sample, parents/caregivers were good proxies for rating their p-IBD children overall HRQoL.

Psychometric properties of the Providers Survey in the Brazilian context of mental health: a validation study.

Precisely determining the aspects related to an instrument's validity and reliability measures allows for greater assurance of the quality of the results. To analyze the psychometric properties of The Providers Survey in the Brazilian context of mental health services. The instrument validation study was conducted in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The validation study was conducted using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist to analyze its validity and reliability. A committee of expert judges performed content validation after which the Content Validity Index was calculated. Construct validation took place through Exploratory Factor Analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test criterion and Bartlett's Sphericity Test. Reliability was verified using test-retest reliability. The significance level adopted for the statistical tests was 5% (P < 0.05). The final instrument comprised 54 questions. The Content Validity Index was 97%. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.901 and Bartlett's Sphericity Test with P < 0.001. We obtained a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.849. The Providers Survey, translated and adapted into Portuguese, was named the Work Assessment Instrument for the Recovery of Mental Health. It presented adequate psychometric properties for evaluating work-related practices for the recovery of psychosocial care network users.

A Novel Scale for Evaluating Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes: A Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Analysis

New digital technology trends have the potential to mitigate the effects of earthquakes and improve response and recovery efforts such as earthquake prediction, emergency call-out, and earthquake location notification. Earthquake readiness makes it necessary to have a digitally prepared society. However, no scale has been found in the literature that can measure the digital attitudes and skills of individuals regarding earthquakes. For this reason, to fill this gap in the literature, this descriptive research study aimed to develop an original, valid, and reliable scale to determine the digital readiness of individuals toward earthquakes. Data were collected from 621 adult individuals with different socioeconomic characteristics using the convenience sampling method. An item pool was created through a comprehensive literature review, followed by a series of analyses encompassing content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, reliability analysis, and item analysis in the course of the scale’s development process. For the digital readiness toward earthquakes, the Draft scale, with 21 items remaining, a KMO value (0.894), and a Bartlett sphericity test result of χ2 (91) = 2407.76 (p &lt; 0.001) showed the suitability of the data for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). As a result of the EFA, 14 items were categorized into two dimensions based on whether their eigenvalues exceeded 1. The explained variance was 46.823% (eigenvalue = 6.555) in the first factor, while it was 12.832% (eigenvalue = 1.796) in the second factor, and the total variance was 59.655%. After analyzing the scale’s items within these dimensions, the first dimension was named “Technological Skills”, comprising eight items, and the second dimensions was named “Digital Attitudes”, consisting of six items. The factor loadings for these items ranged from 0.562 to 0.900. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) affirmed the factorial structure identified by the EFA. For the five-point Likert-type Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes scale, named the DRE scale, with 14 items after validity analyses, Cronbach’s alpha value was obtained as 0.910, demonstrating high internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha values of the two factors were 0.910 for the “Technological Skills” dimension and 0.837 for the “Digital Attitudes” dimension. It was concluded that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement in evaluating the digital readiness of individuals toward earthquakes.

Development and psychometric testing of a Chinese version of the postnatal care experience scale for postpartum women

BackgroundPostnatal period is a critical transitional phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. In recent years the importance on promoting a positive experience of care following childbirth is increasingly emphasized. Yet published evidence of the methodological and psychometric quality of instruments to evaluate women’s experience of comprehensive postnatal care is still lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a unique scale (the Chinese version of the Postnatal Care Experience Scale, PCES) to measure women’s overall experience of care during postnatal periods.MethodsThe PCES instrument was developed and validated over three phases, including item development, scale development, and scale evaluation. The item pool of the PCES was generated through existing literature and in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by assessment of content validity and rating of importance and feasibility of items through two-round Delphi surveys. Psychometric properties were examined in a convenience sample of 736 postpartum women. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess the construct validity of the developed PCES. The relationship between the total PCES score and the global item construct was estimated using Pearson product-moment coefficient. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman Brown coefficients.ResultsThe content validity index of the Chinese version PCES was 0.867. Following item reduction analysis, this instrument consisted of 30 five-point Likert items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic was 0.964 and the chi-square value of the Bartlett spherical test was 11665.399 (P < .001). The scale explained 75.797% of the total variance and consisted of three subscales, including self-management, social support, and facility- and community-based care. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the total PCES score and the global item construct was 0.909. The CFA showed that the 3-factor model had suitable fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha value and Spearman-Brown Split-half reliability for the total scale were 0.979 and 0.941, respectively.ConclusionsThe newly developed 30-item PCES is a psychometrically reliable and valid instrument that assesses women’s overall experience of postnatal care. Future research should aim to use the PCES in various populations to obtain further evidence for its validity and reliability.

Barriers to Implementing Safety Measures During COVID-19 Pandemic on Building Construction Projects in Nepal

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in building construction projects, with safety measures being a major concern for workers and the public. This study aims to assess the barriers to safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on building construction projects in Nepal. A total of 330 responses were collected from construction professionals in Nepal using a Likert scale. To ensure the data's suitability for factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's Sphericity test, inter-component correlations, and Cronbach alpha scores for internal consistency were checked, and principal components were extracted. A 25-item safety barrier to safety measures in building construction projects during the COVID-19 pandemic was identified through an extensive review of the literature; six components were retained using Principal Component Analysis which represented the model of choice and explained 62.86 % of the data variance. The components were; inappropriate safety guidelines, psychological working pressure, inadequate hygiene monitoring and control, lack of safety awareness, improper working culture, and insufficient planning and scheduling. The internal consistency for the retained components was high; Cronbach α scores ranged from 0.72 to 0.796. “Inappropriate Safety Guidelines” was the most critical barrier to implementing safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in building construction projects, according to the rankings of the six identified components. It is recommended that construction professionals and regulatory bodies prioritize the development and adherence to robust safety protocols tailored to pandemic conditions. Regularly updating and reinforcing these guidelines will be crucial in safeguarding the health and well-being of workers while ensuring project continuity. Additionally, investing in thorough training and awareness programs can significantly mitigate this barrier's impact.

Validation of the internal structure of the Brazilian Dental Vulnerability Scale.

This study aimed to evaluate evidence of validity of internal structure of the Brazilian Dental Vulnerability Scale (EVO-BR) when applied in Brazil. This is a psychometric study that seeks to validate a scale elaborated by evidence of internal structure. Data collection was conducted in 18 basic health units that implement the Brazilian Healthcare Planning (PAS) methodology, across the five regions of Brazil. The initial version of the EVO-BR contained 41 items that measured dental vulnerability and was applied to users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) aged 18 years or older who were in basic health units for consultation with higher education professionals. To evaluate the evidence, the following statistical analyses were performed: exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and network analysis. A total of 1,753 users participated in the study. To adjust the sample, we considered the factorability obtained from Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test = 0.65, Bartlett sphericity test = 8019.7, and a matrix determinant of 0.008. The initial parallel analysis indicated a four-dimensional model and had the items adjusted according to factor loading (ranging from 0.38 to 0.99), common factors (0.13 to 0.89), and Pratt's measure, until the model presented congruence in the statistical and interpretative principles simultaneously. The final model contained 15 items, maintaining the four dimensions indicated by the parallel analysis, and held an explained variance of 68.56%. The EVO-BR is a validated scale to measure dental vulnerability and, thus, can contribute to the organization of access to the oral health team in primary health care (PHC) by stratifying the population, as recommended in the Brazilian Healthcare Planning.

Healing After Violence: The Effect of Perception of Social Support on Posttraumatic Growth in Female University Students.

This study investigated the Turkish validity and reliability of the Healing After Gender-based Violence Scale (GBV-Heal) and the relationship between social support perception, posttraumatic growth in university students who are victims of gender-based violence. The study sample consisted of 167 female students who experienced gender-based violence. The Turkish version of GBV-Heal of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.892; the Bartlett Sphericity Test result was determined as χ2 = 195,053, and the obtained variables were found suitable for factor analysis. Perception of social support related to post-violence healing in female university students is effective on posttraumatic growth.

Psychometric evaluation of the Protection Motivation Theory scale in assessing fall protection motivation among older adults to reduce fall risk

BackgroundProtection Motivation Theory could be another potential and good framework that addresses essential elements in a behavioural change leading to positive fall protective behaviours. The positive behavioural change could reduce the risk of falls and improve the quality of life of the older community. The study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the culturally adapted Protection Motivation Theory scale for older adults' fall protection motivation or protective behaviours to reduce fall risk.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to establish a psychometric instrument validation. A total of 389 participants aged 55 years and above were included. The study was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, from November 2021 to January 2022 in two phases, translation of the PMT Scale, cross-cultural adaptation, face validation and pre-testing of the PMT Scale. The participants were selected using multistage random sampling in a primary healthcare clinic. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 26 for exploratory factor analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.7 for confirmatory factor analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling.ResultsThe Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.760, Bartlett's sphericity test was significant and the total variance explained was 61%. It identified 31 items within eight dimensions of the Protection Motivation Theory scale. The Higher Order Constructs' measurement model indicates that the convergent and discriminant validity were established (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability: ≥ 0.740; average variance extracted: 0.619 to 0.935 and Henseler's Heterotrait-Monotrait criterion for all constructs' discriminant validity: < 0.9). Test–retest for the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.745. The model's coefficient of determination demonstrated R2 = 0.375.ConclusionOverall, the Protection Motivation Theory Scale has established its reliability and validity for assisting older adults in the community. The Protection Motivation Theory Scale could be used in fall prevention interventions by promoting fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. The scale could assist healthcare providers in assessing the intention of older adults to use fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk and serve as an alternative reference in developing fall prevention education in a fall prevention strategy.

Study on the optimization of college students’ emotion management strategies based on multivariate statistical analysis

Abstract In this paper, a factor analysis of emotion management competencies was conducted using multivariate statistical analysis for the emotion management strategies of college students. Five competencies, such as emotion regulation ability and seeking external support, were selected as exploratory factors, and KMO and Bartlett's sphericity test verified their feasibility. After the factors were identified, the correlation and influence of physical exercise on college students’ emotion management ability were investigated based on multiple regression methods, and optimization strategies were proposed in turn. In terms of exercise time, college students’ emotion management ability was significantly correlated with exercise time in general, and the correlation coefficient was 0.885. The intensity and frequency of physical exercise showed a linear relationship with college students’ emotion management ability, and the coefficients of the standardized regression equation were 0.325 and 0.246, in turn.

Teaching Effect Evaluation of Flipped Classroom in Engineering Management Colleges

Adapting traditional classroom teaching methods to students’ personalized learning styles and needs can be challenging, resulting in passive learning, low teaching quality, and insufficient support for students’ learning and development. The flipped classroom teaching model integrates information technology (IT) into education, enriches teaching approaches, and emphasizes a student-oriented concept. The flipped classroom can help students deeply understand the content by building upon shallow learning guided by effective teaching strategies. In turn, it facilitates the development of higher-order thinking skills and promotes students’ physical and mental well-being. In this study, five engineering management colleges in Henan Province, China, were surveyed using a questionnaire distributed during the fall semester of 2022–2023. The factors influencing the teaching effect of the flipped classroom were analyzed using a multivariate ordered logit model. Results demonstrated that the questionnaire had a reliability coefficient of 0.844, a KMO value of 0.788, and a Bartlett sphericity test with a corresponding P value of less than 0.01. Several factors, including gender (P = 0.054), self-study ability (P = 0.064), campus network (P = 0.000), teaching resources (P = 0.085), and classroom interaction (P = 0.036), significantly influence the teaching effect of the flipped classroom. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for enriching the teaching management theory of the flipped classroom, helping teachers enhance their management abilities in implementing the flipped classroom, and facilitating convenient teaching and learning experiences for both teachers and students in information technology.