Barrat Impulsiveness Scale Research Articles

Online and offline shopping addiction and its relationship with state-trait anxiety and impulsivity

Compulsive buying is a phenomenon that involves dysfunctional shopping behaviors together with a continuous concern about buying and problems derived from said behaviour that impact different aspects of daily life. This study aims to analyse some of the psychological factors related to compulsive buying both online and offline, such as anxiety and impulsivity. 202 Volunteers from both sexes between the ages 18 and 69 participated. A questionnarie was designed based on the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11, 1995), the Bergen Shopping Adicction Scale (BSAS, 2015) and the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnarie (STAI, 1983). It was verified that the most impulsive and anxious individuals tend to perform more behaviors related to compulsive buying. No differences in compulsive buying based on age were found. It is interesting to delve into the implications derived from dysfunctional purchasing behaviors and the psychosocial implications of such practices.

Relationship of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to mechanical restraint used in a psychiatric hospital in Spain.

Coercive measures have been applied in mental health fields throughout history, denying people with mental illness the ability to decide, even though there is increasing evidence that these measures bring few benefits to these individuals. The objective of this study was to analyse the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics most likely associated with the use of mechanical restraints (MRs) in psychiatric hospital settings. This was a descriptive, comparative and analytical cross-sectional study in people with mental disorders who were hospitalized in two hospitals in the Autonomous Valencian Community (Spain). We included a total of 91 participants who completed the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Barrat's Impulsiveness Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The results we collected indicated that the patients most likely to be mechanically restrained were younger people with less awareness of their symptoms and disease, previous admissions to a psychiatric hospital and cohabitation with parents and/or family. In addition, having been admitted involuntarily, previously having had MRs applied, presenting more positive psychotic symptoms and habitual caffeine consumption all predicted the use of MRs. The variables that were able to predict MR were involuntary admission, previous use of MR, the presence of positive psychotic symptoms and caffeine consumption. Evaluation of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients can help health professionals, especially nurses, to recognize patients who are at risk of requiring MR. This allows mental health practitioners to take these factors into account during interventions or when implementing programmes designed to reduce the use of coercive measures in psychiatric hospital settings. What problem did the study address? Coercive measures have been applied in mental health fields throughout history, with no benefits to these patients. What were the main findings? There are studies that relate some variables to MR in psychiatric settings, but we have been able to find variables capable of predicting MR such as involuntary admission, previous use of MR, the presence of positive psychotic symptoms and caffeine consumption. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The findings of this study allow for the reduction of MRs in psychiatric units. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics found to be related to MR will help professionals identify when a patient is admitted in order to use specific interventions aimed at preventing the use of MRs during admission. This is the first study to indicate a relationship between caffeine consumption and the use of MRs. Further studies will be necessary to verify if controlled caffeine supplementation during admission to psychiatric units could become an additional strategy contributing to preventing the application of MR specifically in individuals who habitually consume coffee or caffeine-containing beverages daily. We have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the STROBE reporting method. No patient or public contribution.

Impulsivity, suicide risk and cannabis consumption

IntroductionCannabis is the most widely consumed illegal drug in the world and one of the easiest to access. This drug provides a feeling of well-being and euphoria. However, frequent consumption is associated with several complications including increased impulsivity and an increased risk of suicidal behaviour.ObjectivesOur objective was to study the link between cannabis consumption, impulsivity and suicide intentionality.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, during the period from September 2020 to October 2021, among cannabis users consulting the Sfax Detoxification Center in Tunisia. Impulsivity was studied using the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS 15) and suicide intentionality was assessed using the Suicide intent scale Beck; Pierce (SIS) in subjects with history of a suicide attempt.ResultsWe included 38 consumers. The average age is 26 years old and the sex ratio was 8.5 with an over-representation of men. The average BIS15 score was 38.2 ranging between 19 and 45. We have demonstrated that the higher the level of cannabis dependence, the higher the level of impulsivity. A high level of impulsivity was found in younger subjects (p=0,04) and with a low socio-economic level and unemployment (p =0,021). Suicidal intentionality, assessed in 10 patients with a history of suicide attempt, was low and intermediate in 40% and 60% of users respectively, which means a low to intermediate risk of subsequent completed suicide.Conclusions Impulsivity is associated with aggressive behaviour, various accidents including motor vehicle accidents, more self-mutilation and a much greater risk of dying by suicide than the general population. Frequent cannabis use is also associated with increased risk of developing all types of suicidal behaviours independently of the existence of depressive symptomatology. Overall, it is important to take into account the issues of impulsivity and substance abuse in daily clinical work as they influence the level of dangerousness.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Suicidal Behaviour and Stressful Life Events: The Mediating Role of the Impulsivity-Aggression-Hostility Triad Through Psychological Autopsy.

Stressful life events (SLEs), impulsivity, aggression, and hostility are known risk factors for suicide. The existence of an "I-A-H Triad" (composed of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and hostility) is proposed as a mediating factor between SLEs and suicide. Data on 399 deceased people (274 from suicide, 125 from other causes) were collected through psychological autopsy. The Paul Ramsey Life Experience Scale (to collect SLE history), the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were applied, using versions adapted for psychological autopsy. Comparative analysis of the two groups showed significant differences in the variables of interest (SLE: = 7.280; BDHI: = 4.201; BIS-11: = 3.812; I-A-H Triad: = 4.84). Mediation analysis confirmed the role of the I-A-H Triad in mediation of the presence of SLEs and the type of death. High levels of impulsivity, aggression, and hostility increase the risk of suicide when a person is faced with SLEs.

Examination of Impulsivity in Positive Psychotherapy Structures

When the common features of the problems encountered in adolescence are examined, impulse control problems draw our attention. At this point, preventive and developmental studies are needed to help adolescents control impulses. It is important to examine the structures that can be used to explain impulsive behavior in order to transform impulsivity into a functional form. This study aims to examine whether primary and secondary capabilities, which are the basic concepts of positive psychotherapy, predict the impulsive behaviors of adolescents. The dependent variable in this research is impulsivity, its independent variables are primary and secondary capabilities. The participant group of the research is 225 male adolescent individuals between the ages of 14-19 who continue their secondary education. The Personal Information Form, the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Wiesbaden Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy Inventory were used as data collection tools in the study. The data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, primary capabilities (R=0.376; R2=0.141; F=4.305; p<.01) and secondary capabilities (R=0.488; R2=0.238; F=5.841; p<.01) were found to significantly predict impulsivity. It was revealed that hope, from the primary capabilities, and orderliness, diligence, reliability and obedience, from the secondary capabilities, predict impulsivity.

Decoding Emotion in Drug Abusers: Evidence for Face and Body Emotion Recognition and for Disgust Emotion.

Background: Different drugs damage the frontal cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas involved in both emotional and cognitive functions, with a consequence of decoding emotion deficits for people with substance abuse. The present study aimed to explore the cognitive impairments in drug abusers through facial, body and disgust emotion recognition, expanding the investigation of emotions processing, measuring accuracy and response velocity. Methods: We enrolled 13 addicted to cocaine and 12 alcohol patients attending treatment services in Italy, comparing them with 33 matched controls. Facial emotion and body posture recognition tasks, a disgust rating task and the Barrat Impulsivity Scale were included in the experimental assessment. Results: We found that emotional processes are differently influenced by cocaine and alcohol, suggesting that these substances impact diverse cerebral systems. Conclusions: Drug abusers seem to be less accurate on elaboration of facial, body and disgust emotions. Considering that the participants were not cognitively impaired, our data support the hypothesis that emotional impairments emerge independently from the damage of cognitive functions.

Yürütücü İşlev Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

This study aimed to adapt the Executive Function Index (Spinella, 2005) to Turkish. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were determined in the sample groups where the participants were university students. The linguistic equivalence of the scale was tested with the participation of 88 people, while data from 605 participants was used to test the construct and criterion validity and reliability of the measurement tool. 383 females and 219 males participated in the study. The age range of the participants was between 16 and 31, with a mean age of 21.93 (SD=2.47). In order to identify the psychometric characteristics of the Executive Function Index, Explanatory factor analysis, Linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and t-test were performed, and the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated. The participants were administered the Frontal System Behavior Inventory, Barrat Impulsivity Scale Short Form, and Interpersonal Reactivity Index to test the criterion validity of the Executive Function Scale. The explanatory factor analysis conducted for construct validity showed that the Turkish version of the scale had the same number of sub-tests as the original Executive Function Scale, and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients of the Turkish scale ranged from .54 to .76. The sub-tests of the scale were determined as impulse/impulse control, strategic planning, organization, empathy and motivational impulse. The linear regression analysis showed that age significantly predicted the total score, while gender did not predict the total score significantly. The t-test results showed that gender was significant only in impulse/impulse control and empathy sub-tests and had a moderate effect size. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis performed to test the criterion validity of the scale were mainly significant. The findings were largely similar to the original form of the scale. As a result, the research findings indicated that the scale could be used to measure the executive functions of Turkish university students.

The role of money in everyday life decisions: Investigating the effect of priming money on decision-making aspects with uncertain consequences

Introduction: Decision-making is an area of ​​human life that the cognitive sciences have long dreamed of drawing a complete profile of it. Aim: Considering the importance of identifying the role of priming money in everyday decision-making and also the lack of focus on this area, this study was conducted to investigate the mentioned priming on aspects of risk assessments and optimal selections among given options. Method: The research method was quasi – experimental with comparison group. The statistical population was all students of Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran in 2020-2021. From students of Bachelor of Science and Master of Science, 30 students were purposefully selected, then randomly divided into experimental and comparison groups. Data were collected using IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) and Barrat Impulsivity Scale and then analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 software. Results: Significant differences were observed in the selection of cards from the advantageous decks in experimental group (M:31.26; SD:12.34) compared to the comparison group (M:22.06; SD:12.14) in the IGT (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, priming money in laboratory situations have the ability to influence the cognitive dimensions of everyday decision making and in particular, improving the selective function and the prediction of estimated value result in choosing more cards from the advantageous decks in the IGT.

Clinical, psychological, social, and family characterization of suicidal behavior in Chilean adolescents: a multiple correspondence analysis.

Introduction Suicide is the second leading cause of premature death in people between 15 and 29 years old and the third in young people between 15 and 19 years old. Adolescence is a critical period concerning mental health disorders since there is greater vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. The situation in Latin America is worrying, with Chile being one of the two countries where suicide rates of children and adolescents increase yearly. This study aims to analyze clinical, psychological, family, and social risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of adolescents treated in the public health system of the Maule region. Methods The study design is cross- sectional. We used a sample of 388 adolescents between 10 and 21 years old admitted to the health system of the Maule Region. The participants were evaluated by applying five measuring instruments (The Barrat Impulsivity Scale, The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, The General Help-Seeking Questionnaire for mental health problems in adolescents, and The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) in addition to collecting social and family information and relevant clinical history from the medical records. Results The analysis allowed us to identify distinctive characteristics of adolescent suicidal behavior by describing clinical, psychological, and family social factors. Conclusions Adolescents with a history of suicide attempts are characterized by having suicidal ideation, anxious-depressive symptoms, stress, insomnia, and impulsiveness. Likewise, they report being non-religious, belonging to sexual minorities, and victims of sexual harassment and/or abuse.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the sexual violence behavior

ABSTRACT Introduction The relationship between impulsivity and sexual compulsivity may be established as one of the greatest predictors of sexual violence. To better evaluate the violent sexual behavior in sexually compulsive individuals, we delineated a Sexual Violence Factor (SVF) based on the Violence Factor of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-22). Objective This study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SVF. Method A total of 230 sexually compulsive and 79 non sexually compulsive (controls) individuals according to ICD-10 F52.7 Excessive Sexual Drive diagnosis, answered the CSBI-22, the Sexual Compulsive Scale (SCS) variables and the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). To assess the main questions related to sexual violence behavior itself from the CSBI-22 in our study, we ran a factorial analysis to build the SVF. The items with factor loadings of 0.45 or more were considered to meaningfully load onto a factor. We ran the alpha of Cronbach to assess internal consistency, spearman correlation to investigate the convergent validity (with the SCS, and the BIS), and Mann Whitney test to investigate the discriminant validity between sexually compulsive and controls. All the analysis were considered significative if p value < 0.05. Results From the nine itens which compose the CSBI-22 violence domaine, the factorial analysis resulted in three factors. The first factor enrolled the following five items: 1) Have you ever hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten any of your sexual partners?, 2) Have you given others physical pain for sexual pleasure?, 3) In fighting, have you been hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten by your current or most recent partner?, 4) Have you received physical pain for sexual pleasure?, and 5) Have you been forced to have sex with your husband, wife, or lover?. The second factor enrolled the following itens: 1) How often have you been arrested or legally apprehended for your sexual behavior? and 2) Have you been watched masturbating or having sex without giving permission?, and the third factor enrolled the following itens: 1) Have you ever hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten any of your sexual partners?, and 2) Have you received money to have sex? We decided to consider the SVF as the factor 1 because it enrolled most of the items expressing violence between romantic sexual partners. For the SVF, the cumulative factor of 35.41. The SVF presented low internal consistency (alpha = 0.51), positive and significant correlation with the SCS (Spearman = 0.39; p<0.001) and the BIS (Spearman=0.29; p<0.001), and well discriminant property (z = -5.5, p<0.001) between sexually compulsives (median 6, IQR 5;7) and controls (median 5, IQR 5;6). Discussion The SVF presented satisfactory convergent and discrimnant validity and can be used to investigate expressions of sexual violence in the context of romantic/sexual relationship. However, the low cumulative factor and internal consistency suggests the importance of new studies to build new measures to get a more comprehensive understanding of the sexual violence conceptualization. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Investigation of the validity and reliability of the Turkish Form of the Adult Executive Functions Inventory (ADEXI)

This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish Version of the Adult Executive Functions Inventory (ADEXI), which was developed to evaluate the executive functions of adults. The study sample consisted of 330 university students aged between 18 and 30 (M = 20.59, SD =1.84). The participants filled out the Demographics Form, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Barrat Impulsivity Scale, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, and the Turkish version of ADEXI. The two-factor structure (working memory and inhibition) in the original version of the scale was confirmed by second-level confirmatory factor analysis. ADEXI's association with other measurement tools were also observed. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients for the total score of the scale and for the working memory and inhibition dimensions were calculated as .80, .83, and 73, respectively. Moreover, Gutman's two-half reliability coefficients for the total score of the scale and working memory and inhibition dimensions were calculated as .75, .81, and .69, respectively. Our results showed that the Turkish version of ADEXI is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate two dimensions of executive functions, working memory and inhibition.

Pain catastrophizing in migraine patients and associated factors

Aim: We carried out this study to examine the level of pain catastrophizing (PC) among migraine patients and factors possibly affecting PC. 
 Material and Method: The sample of this study comprised 120 patients who applied to the neurology clinic of a state hospital and were diagnosed with migraine by the International Headache Society’s (IHS) criteria between April 2017 – March 2019. Then, we collected the data from those meeting the inclusion criteria using a socio-demographic information form, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-11-SF). Data analysis was performed on the SPSS 25.0 statistics software. To explore the relationships between the variables, we ran one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analyses and calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients. 
 Results: We divided the participants into three groups: Group 1 included 30 patients who got full benefit from the treatment during a migraine attack (25%); Group 2 included 25 patients who were unable to obtain any benefit from the treatment at all (20.8%); Group 3 included 65 patients with partial benefit from the treatment (54.17%). The PCS scores were higher in Group 1 and Group 3, while Group 2 had significantly higher PCS total and Rumination scores than Group 1. The number of attacks and impulsiveness levels of the patients explained 18.6% of the variance in PC. 
 Conclusion: The cognitive capacity of individuals is essential in identifying the prognosis of migraine. Catastrophizing pain is likely to lower treatment response in migraine patients. Besides, the increased number of attacks and impulsiveness levels of patients influence their PC levels. Finally, migraine is a disorder with a psychiatric aspect; therefore, performing appropriate mental evaluations and offering necessary psychiatric support may enhance the chance of success in migraine treatment.

Efficacy of IV immunoglobulins on depressive symptoms and self-injury: A case report

IntroductionSome studies in literature highlight the correlation between immune-mediated inflammatory processes and psychiatric pathologies. However, there are few studies about the efficacy of IV immunoglobulins in psychiatric features (1). (1) ZUNSZAIN, Patricia A.; HEPGUL, Nilay; PARIANTE, Carmine M. Inflammation and depression. In: Behavioral neurobiology of depression and its treatment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012. p. 135-151.ObjectivesCase report: a 39 year patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and myasthenia was hospitalized for self-injury ideation, acting out and depressive episode treated with acid valproic, aripiprazole, gabapentin; flare-up of myasthenia that needed treatment.MethodsClinical and test evaluation was performed in three stages: before (t0), immediately after (t1) and 3 weeks after (t2) the administration of the IgEV without other treatment modifications. We have used: - Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) - Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11) - Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) - Alexian Brothers Urge to Selfe-Injure Scale (ABUSI)ResultsThe patient has a score of 79 at BIS-11. She used to have a huge number of acting aout as we see on ISAS (Fig.1).Figure 1Figure 2ConclusionsWe observed a reduction in non-suicidal self-injurious ideation, the suspension of acting-out, a complete remission of depressive symptoms with mild persistence of anxious symptoms immediately after the administration of immunoglobulins, and the remission continue until one month after the administration (Fig.2).DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Association of traumatic events in childhood, impulsivity and decision-making with previous suicide attempt and/or current suicidal ideation in adult patients with major depressive disorder

IntroductionSuicidal behavior has a great impact on world public health. The literature describes the possible existence of an association between neurobiological, clinical and cognitive factors in suicidal behavior.ObjectivesTo determine the possible relationship between clinical variables (history of abuse/maltreatment in childhood), psychopathology (impulsivity traits) and cognitive (decision-making) with a history of suicide attempt and/or current suicidal idea in patients with major depressive disorder.MethodsCross-sectional study in a sample of adult patients with major depressive disorder in which two types of comparisons are made. In the first case, two groups were compared based on the presence or absence of history of suicide attempt. In the second case, two groups were compared based on the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the same sample of patients. Finally, sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive variables were evaluated in that population sample.ResultsWhen the joint influence of sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive characteristics are present, it can be said that being single/divorced/separated, a history of sexual abuse in childhood and an alteration in decision-making, specifically a lower number of choices of deck D in the IGT test, are associated with a higher probability of a personal history of suicide attempt. While a higher score on the Barrat impulsivity scale is associated with a greater probability of presenting current suicidal ideation once the influence of sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive variables has been taken into account.ConclusionsDifferent sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive factors are associated with the presence of a history of suicide attempt and/or current suicidal ideation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

What is the role of narcissism in the relationship between impulsivity and driving anger expression?

The contributing factors of aggressive driving have been studying in the last decades. Both impulsivity and narcissism are associated with aggressive driver behaviors. Although the role of these two factors were examined in the same studies, the combined role of these two factors hasn’t been studied yet. To understand the combined effect of them, in the present study, the moderated mediation model for examining the relationships of narcissism, impulsivity, and aggressive driver behavior was developed and tested. Three hundred and four participants completed an online survey battery comprised of Demographic Information Form, Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-Short Form, Barrat Impulsiveness Scale- Short Form, and Driving Anger Expression Inventory. The moderated mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS macro developed by Hayes and Preacher (2013). The results revealed that only the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and the use of vehicle to express anger is mediated by attentional impulsiveness. Also, this relationship is moderated by grandiose narcissism. In detail, grandiose narcissism moderates the direct effect of vulnerable narcissism on attentional impulsivity and also the direct effect of attentional impulsivity on the use of vehicle to express anger. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Involvement of DAT1 Gene on Internet Addiction: Cross-Correlations of Methylation Levels in 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR Genotypes, Interact with Impulsivity and Attachment-Driven Quality of Relationships.

Internet influences our communication, social and work interactions, entertainment, and many other aspects of life. Even if the original purpose was to simplify our lives, an excessive and/or maladaptive use of it may have negative consequences. The dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene was studied in relation to addictions, including excessive use of the Internet. The crucial role of DAT1 was previously underlined in modulating emotional aspects, such as affiliative behaviors. The present research follows a new approach based on cross-correlation between (de)methylation levels in couples of CpG loci, as previously shown. We investigated the possible relationships between Internet addiction, impulsivity, quality of attachment, DAT1 genotypes (from the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) poly-morphism), and the dynamics of methylation within the 5’-UTR of the DAT1 gene. From a normative sample of 79 youths, we extrapolated three subgroups a posteriori, i.e., one “vulnerable” with high Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores (and high Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS) scores; n = 9) and two “controls’’ with low BIS scores and 10/10 vs. 9/x genotype (n = 12 each). Controls also had a “secure” attachment pattern, while genotypes and attachment styles were undistinguished in the vulnerable subgroup (none showed overt Internet addiction). We found a strongly positive correlation in all groups between CpG2 and CpG3. An unsuspected relationship between the 3’-UTR genotype and a 5’-UTR intra-motif link was revealed by CpG5–CpG6 comparison. The negative correlation between the CpG3–CpG5 positions was quite significant in the control groups (both with genotype 10/10 and with genotype 9/x), whereas a tendency toward positive correlation emerged within the high IAT group. In conclusion, future attention shall be focused on the intra- and inter-motif interactions of methylation on the CpG island at the 5′-UTR of DAT1.

Psychometric Properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) in Iranian Opioid and Alcohol Abusers

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most dangerous behaviors linked to substance abuse. The Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) has been developed to better understanding the factors associated with the onset and maintenance of NSSI behaviors. Objectives: The ISAS was translated into the Persian language to study its psychometric properties in Iranian population of opioid and alcohol abusers. Methods: This is a psychometric study investigating opioid and alcohol abusers in Iran, including those residing in addiction rehabilitation camps, prisons, hospitals, and addiction treatment clinics dispensing methadone in 2017. The sample size of this study was 470. The subjects completed the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Results: The test-retest results were estimated for two weeks using the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The absolute reliability was determined to be 2.62%. There was a significant correlation between convergent and divergent instruments. The results of the exploratory factor analysis on 235 individuals in the sample showed all subscales of the inventory measure a single factor in the Iranian population. The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for this subscale was 0.93. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analyses on the rest of the sample (235), after applying the AMOS software suggestions to improve the model, showed this inventory was a good indicator for this population (χ2 = 131.69; P < 0.001; df = 56; χ2/df = 2.35; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.76; GFI = 0.92). Conclusions: The Persian version of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury has high validity and reliability among the opioid and alcohol-abusing population in Iran.

MON-277 Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11); Tools to Identify Side Effects of Dopamine Agonist Treatment in Patients with Pituitary Adenomas

Background There is augmented concern for dopamine agonists (DA) related risk to mood and impulse control disorders (ICD) in patients (pts) with pituitary adenomas (PA). In this study, we analyzed prevalence using two validated self-assessment screening surveys; PHQ-9 and BIS-11. Methods A retrospective review of pts from an IRB approved PA registry. Patients; DA treated group (DA-T) and DA nontreated controls (DA-C). Patietns with previous psychiatric diagnoses, and taking anti-depressive or anti-psychotis, were excluded. BIS-11 score ≥ 75%ile (>61 points) was considered an increased ICD risk. DAs maximum standard dose low (MSDL) and high (MSDH), were calculated (2.0 and 3.5 mg/week for cabergoline (Cab) and 7.5 and 15 mg/day for bromocriptine; Bromo). Stats SPSS v.25. Results 103 pts (61 female, mean age 42.38±5.38 years) were included. 76 were DA-T (70 Cab, 6 Bromo) and 27 DA-C. Median MSDL was 0.5mg (IQR: 0.25-0.75), MSDH was 0.28mg (IQR: 0.14-0.42). Median prolactin was 12.7ng/ml (IQR: 4.35-51.6). Overall median PHQ-9 score was 4 (IQR=2-9) and median BIS-11 score was 52 (IQR: 47-61). Per PHQ-9, 11/103 pts had major depressive disorder (MDD); 10 (13.2%) DA-T, 1 (3.7%) DA-C, p=0.28. 12/103 pts had other depressive disorder (ODD); 7 (9.2%) DA-T, 5 (18.5%) DA-C, p=0.19. 8 pts had thoughts of self-injury; 6 (7.9%) DA-T, 2 (7.4%) DA-C, p=NS. Severe depression was found in 3, (3.9%) DA-T pts only, moderately severe in 7 (9.2%) DA-T and 2 (7.4%) DA-C, moderate in 8 (10.5%) DA-T and 1 (3.7%) DA-C, and mild in 18 (23.7%) DA-T, 12 (44.4%) DA-C, p=NS. For BIS-11 (97 pts) median score was 52.0 (23-104) for DA-T, 52.5 (38-77) for DA-C. 23 pts had a score ≥ 75%ile, 18 (26.1%) DA-T and 5 (20%) DA-C. Younger pts (36±14.8 vs 43.5±15.09 years; p=0.043) and lower DA cumulative doses had significantly higher ICD scores (median 18.27, IQR 11.5-313.98 vs 120.4, IQR 48.04-296.5; p=0.022). Differences in prolactin levels and sex were not significant. Per PHQ-9; 26.1% of pts with vs 5.3% without increased ICD risk had MDD (p= 0.013). Depresion severity and the total PHQ-9 score were higher in pts with increased ICD risk (p≤0.001). Pts with an increased ICD had higher odds of having thoughts of death or self-harm (OR=6.29 CI95% 1.37-28.86, p=0.01). Discussion The data shows a trend of higher impulsivity among DA treated pts. Pts with increased ICD risk had higher odds of MDD, self-harm ideation and thoughts about being dead. In contrast with previous studies, prolactin and male sex were non-significant for increased ICD, while a lower DA cumulative dose was significant. We suggest ICD is more likely to appear in DA naïve or pts recently taking DA. Conclusion Routine self-assessment questionnaires PHQ-9 and BIS-11 during office visits may be useful to identify patients at risk of depression and ICD in pts with DA treated PA.

Neuropsychiatric profile of patients with craniocervical dystonia: A case-control study

ObjectiveDepression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been widely reported in patients with dystonia. On the other hand, cognitive impairment, frontal lobe function, impulsiveness and pseudobulbar affect are less studied. The objective of the study is to assess these neuropsychiatric symptoms along with the quality of life of subjects with craniocervical dystonia. Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with craniocervical dystonia. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Neuropsychiatric assessment included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS), Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). ResultsA total of 44 patients with craniocervical dystonia and 44 controls were included. The mean age was 57 ± 13.7 years. Depression (56.1 % vs 9.1 %, p < 0.001), anxiety (56.8 % vs 6.8 %, p < 0.001), and pseudobulbar affect (31.8 % vs 9.1 %, p = 0.02) were more common in the dystonia group in comparison to controls. No difference between groups was found in impulsiveness (p = 0.65), MoCA score (p = 0.14) or executive dysfunction (p = 0.42). Quality of life was worst in the dystonia group with 90.9 % (p = 0.03) and 61.4 % (p < 0.001) of the subjects scoring under average in the Physical Composite Score (PCS) and Mental Composite Score (MCS) of the SF-12. ConclusionMoCA scores ≤18, pseudobulbar affect, depression and anxiety are more prevalent in subjects with craniocervical dystonia in comparison to sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Regarding quality of life, MCS is more affected that the PCS in subjects with dystonia.

Impulsivity in multiple sclerosis: A paired case-control study

Aim: The presence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recognized since Charcot first described the disease and reported at rates reaching 60%. However, knowledge about impulsivity which can significantly affect the quality of life of patients and their relatives is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between MS and impulsivity.Material and Methods: MS patients and healthy controls were included in this paired case-control study. The clinical (disability rate, duration of disease, clinical course) of MS patients and demographics (age, gender, income status, marital status, educational status) characteristics of the whole population were questioned. Beck depression scale and Barrat's impulsivity scale were applied to all participants. The patient and control groups were compared in terms of impulsivity. Considering that depression is frequently observed in MS patients and depression may affect impulsivity, the groups were compared again with covariance analysis.Results: The study included 60 MS patients of whom 41 was female and 51 healthy controls of whom 40 was female. Cognitive impulsivity was significantly higher in the MS group, and the MS group was significantly depressive than the controls. This difference in cognitive impulsivity continued after the effect of depression stabilized.Conclusion: Impulsivity was significantly higher in MS patients than in normal controls. Approaches that take into account impulsivity may be useful in the treatment of MS.