Barcode Systems Research Articles

Automated Attendance System with GPS-Integrated with Enhanced Navigation Tracking

With the rise of automation and smart technologies in educational institutions, efficient and reliable attendancetracking methods have become increasingly essential. Traditional attendance systems, which often involve manual or barcode scanning methods, are time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. This research paper presents an innovative approach to student attendance tracking, utilising GPS-integrated barcode identification with wireless data transmission. The proposed system is designed to improve attendance accuracy and streamline student identification without the need for students to physically interact with scanning devices. By integrating GPS and barcode systems into the door panel, this attendance solution detects student presence in classrooms, records attendance, and transmits data in real time.

Comparative chloroplast genome and species discrimination analyses in Aralia section Aralia (Araliaceae)

Aralia section Aralia is a subset of Araliaceae; it constitutes a small lineage that has been utilized in East Asian traditional medicines for centuries. Identifying species within this section can be challenging due to the complex interspecific morphological variations and the prevalence of hybridization. Accurate species identification is crucial for the application of these medicinal plants. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of 11 distinct barcode systems for distinguishing species of Aralia sect. Aralia. Comparative analyses of the chloroplast genomes suggested that the plastome length, gene content and order, as well as the expansion/contraction of the inverted repeat regions, are highly conserved. Species discrimination analysis revealed that complete plastomes and their partitioned data sets possessed considerably high discriminatory power (90.91%), which was equivalent to that of standard barcodes. In contrast, nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences demonstrated a marked improvement (90.91%) over nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (72.73%) in species discrimination. Evidently, nuclear markers did not perform better than plastid markers. However, a combination of barcode from both nuclear and chloroplast genomes can accurately identify all species for Aralia sect. Aralia. We therefore call for developing multilocus markers from different genomes with different inheritance for species discrimination in plant groups.

A Dual Barcoding Approach to Bacterial Strain Nomenclature: Genomic Taxonomy of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains.

Sublineages (SLs) within microbial species can differ widely in their ecology and pathogenicity, and their precise definition is important in basic research and for industrial or public health applications. Widely accepted strategies to define SLs are currently missing, which confuses communication in population biology and epidemiological surveillance. Here, we propose a broadly applicable genomic classification and nomenclature approach for bacterial strains, using the prominent public health threat Klebsiella pneumoniae as a model. Based on a 629-gene core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme, we devised a dual barcoding system that combines multilevel single linkage (MLSL) clustering and life identification numbers (LINs). Phylogenetic and clustering analyses of >7,000 genome sequences captured population structure discontinuities, which were used to guide the definition of 10 infraspecific genetic dissimilarity thresholds. The widely used 7-gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST) nomenclature was mapped onto MLSL SLs (threshold: 190 allelic mismatches) and clonal group (threshold: 43) identifiers for backwards nomenclature compatibility. The taxonomy is publicly accessible through a community-curated platform (https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/klebsiella), which also enables external users’ genomic sequences identification. The proposed strain taxonomy combines two phylogenetically informative barcode systems that provide full stability (LIN codes) and nomenclatural continuity with previous nomenclature (MLSL). This species-specific dual barcoding strategy for the genomic taxonomy of microbial strains is broadly applicable and should contribute to unify global and cross-sector collaborative knowledge on the emergence and microevolution of bacterial pathogens.

Incorporating tool identification system in normal machining centre using radio frequency identification

The emerging trends in the field of flexible manufacturing system has made the role of automation are very important. To achieve complete automation in the production line identification of components, tools and palettes are necessary. The idea of radio frequency identification system has drastically developed only recently. Even this drastic development is limited to special purpose machines only. There are many number of ways to identify any part or product. But all of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. They are bar code, mechanical coding, magnetic cards, radio frequency system and microwave system. Out of all these Bar code and mechanical coding systems are either producing consumption of materials continuously or leaving a permanent mark. The microwave system is controlled directly by the satellite and it is used in vehicle tracking system. The cost incurred for the microwave system is too high and the operational cost is also very high. The only system which is having cost advantage in long run and has more advantage comparing all other system is radio frequency system. Also the interfacing links between these identification systems and the machine contains complicated techniques. In this project we identify the tools in the machining area so that the number of tools in the machining area is increased. Also ways to eliminate these communication obstacles has been determined.

An Analytical Review of Existing Supermarket Billing Systems

Retail shops and stores form part of the nation’s business sector involved in selling and providing several goods and services. The main objective was to study and analyse existing supermarket billing systems and possibly identify their weaknesses and strengths. This will enable us to generate an RFID billing system that is unique and even more advantageous than the existing systems. The methodology used was qualitative involving hard and soft document reviews and observational experiments. Findings revealed that there are several billing systems which include the manual price tag system where a mini-computer (calculator) is used to sum up the total bill per customer at a time, the barcode reader system, the smart chart with store cards, and the ‘smart shopping cart. It was noted that these have the advantage of giving confidence all the items are counted, paid for, save time and are cheap to use. However, they are also associated with several weaknesses like long waiting time (queues), the systems require a lot of human effort to read the barcodes which is not efficient, barcode systems sometimes fail to read, possible human errors while entering information, possible cheating through wrongly-fed information and the desynchronization effects because of the unreliable network. This was an awareness drive about the existing supermarket billing systems in order to enhance further studies on better ones

Komparasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Covid-19 Di Indonesia Dan Malaysia


 
 
 
 Masih banyak negara berkembang yang belum mengelola limbah medis Covid-19 secara tepat dan efektif padahal jumlah produksi limbah medis Covid-19 saat ini sangat mengkhawatirkan. Oleh karenanya penulis menganalisis serta mengkomparasi kebijakan-kebijakan yang diformulasikan dan diimplementasikan di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Kebijakan dan implementasi yang berbeda di Malaysia dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi penelitian disamping rekomendasi lainnya. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif komparatif melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Dari hasil studi literatur diperoleh hasil bahwa kebijakan pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19 di Indonesia dan Malaysia tidak jauh berbeda. Masing-masing negara memiliki sebuah kebijakan strategis yang diformulasikan sebelum pandemi Covid-19 terjadi yaitu PP No.101 Tahun 2014 di Indonesia dan UU Mutu Lingkungan 1974 di Malaysia. Kebijakan tersebut oleh masing-masing negara dijabarkan ke dalam kebijakan-kebijakan operasional mengenai pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19. Dalam implementasi dan monitoring, Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki kesamaan sekaligus perbedaan. Kesamaannya adalah pemerintah berkolaborasi dengan beberapa intansi dan pihak swasta dalam pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19, pemerintah melakukan sosialisasi kebijakan pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19, inspeksi, menyediakan layanan pengaduan. Sementara perbedaannya adalah pemerintah Indonesia melakukan coaching clinic, menyiapkan fungsional penyuluh lingkungan, memperbolehkan pihak swasta yang masih dalam proses perizininan tetap dapat beroperasi sedangkan di Malaysia pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19 dilakukan oleh tujuh perusahaan yang memiliki izin, menggunakan robot membantu pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19, menerapkan sanksi denda dan kurungan penjara bagi pelanggar, menyediakan aplikasi Electronic Scheduled Waste Management. Strategi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Malaysia dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi dalam pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah medis Covid-19, disamping melakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat sampai tingkat RT dan RW dengan melibatkan perangkat desa, tokoh-tokoh agama, karang taruna, serta melakukan metode rekristalisasi, dan kendaraan pengangkut limbah medis Covid-19 dilengkapi sistem GPS dan barcode. 
 
 
 

Effectiveness of Systems Application on Financial Performance of Supermarkets in Kenya

The scramble for space in the retail industry has forced most supermarkets into adopting alternative strategies that will enable them attract customers, reduce operational costs and gain competitive edge in the market. This study discusses the application of systems with integrated database that are able to create enabling environment for efficient retail management. Bar coding and Continuous Replenishment System are the key variables used to get more insight into the study. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. A stratified sampling method was used to select a sample from the total population. From each stratum, the study used a random sampling to select 30% of the respondents which made a sample of 42 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysis done using statistical package for social science to communicate research findings. The ANOVA findings as explained by the P-Value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 (significance level of 5%) confirms the existence of correlation between the independent and dependent variables. From the study findings, the study concludes that the introduction of barcode and continuous replenishment systems at an early stage of supermarket operation will enable the business to create greater responsiveness to its customers and suppliers, understand its cash flow needs, protect its financial data and confidential executive decisions and reduce its operation expenses leading to higher profitability and financial performance.

Plant DNA Barcoding Principles and Limits: A Case Study in the Genus Vanilla.

Powerful DNA barcodes have been much more difficult to define in plants than in animals. In 2009, the international Consortium for the Barcoding Of Life (CBOL) chose the combination of the chloroplast genes (rbcL + matK) as the proposed official barcode for plants. However, this system has got important limits. First, any barcode system will only be useful if there is a clear barcode gap and if species are monophyletic. Second, chloroplast and mitochondrial (COI gene used for animals) barcodes will not be usable for discriminating hybrid species. Moreover, it was also shown that, using chloroplast regions, maximum species discrimination would be around 70% and very variable among plant groups. This is why many authors have more recently advocated for the addition of the nuclear ITS region to this barcode because it reveals more variations and allows the resolution of hybrid or closely related species. We tested different chloroplast genes (rbcL, matK, psaB, psbC) and the nuclear ITS region in the genus Vanilla, a taxonomically complex group and therefore a good model to test for the efficiency of different barcode systems. We found that the CBOL official barcode system performed relatively poorly in Vanilla (76% species discrimination), and we demonstrate that adding ITS to this barcode system allows to increase resolution (for closely related species and to the subspecies level) and to identify hybrid species. The best species discrimination attained was 96.2% because of one paraphyletic species that could not be resolved.

Genome skimming and exploration of DNA barcodes for Taiwan endemic cypresses

Cypresses are characterized by their longevity and valuable timber. In Taiwan, two endemic cypress species, Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana, are threatened by prevalent illegal logging. A DNA barcode system is urgently needed for reforestation and conservation of these two cypresses. In this study, both plastomes and 35S rDNAs from 16, 10, and 6 individuals of C. formosensis, C. obtusa var. formosana, and C. obtusa var. obtusa were sequenced, respectively. We show that the loss of plastid trnT-GGU readily distinguishes C. formosensis from its congeneric species. We demonstrate that entire sequences of plastomes or 35S rDNAs are capable of correctly identifying cypress species and varieties, suggesting that they are effective super-barcodes. We also discover three short hypervariable loci (i.e., 3′ETS, ITS1, and trnH-psbA) that are promising barcodes for identifying cypress species and varieties. Moreover, nine species-specific indels of > 100 bp were detected in the cypress plastomes. These indels, together with the three aforementioned short barcodes, constitute an alternative and powerful barcode system crucial for identifying specimens that are fragmentary or contain degraded/poor DNA. Our sequenced data and barcode systems not only enrich the genetic reference for cypresses, but also contribute to future reforestation, conservation, and forensic investigations.

Benefits of Technology Adoption for Enhanced Integration of Port–Hinterland Operations

Because container shipping is the most important means of transportation for international trade, the integration of port–hinterland operations is critical to improve the performance of global supply chains. Information and communication technology (ICT) can assist port stakeholders in addressing bottlenecks and streamlining processes at the port–hinterland interface. However, ICT adoption is often hindered by uncertainties concerning expected gains. This paper shows that the adoption of well-established technologies for supply chain management—namely barcode and global positioning systems technology—can bring significant performance gains for the port–hinterland interface, as evidenced by increased container cycle time, utilization rates, and total throughput. In addition, results show the presence of diminishing returns when implementing multiple readers in the system. System dynamics and a unique database containing real data from the Hutchinson Terminal at the Port of Veracruz, Mexico—selected because it is one of the most important ports in the Americas—are used to show the benefits that both local (nodes) and global (supply chain) levels can obtain from ICT adoption. The results of this research will help to reduce uncertainty and incentivize ICT adoption by port stakeholders, particularly in developing countries where research is lagging. The model proposed here can be applied to any port to analyze the impact of ICT adoption and provide support for the decision making of port stakeholders.

Survey of the Preparation of Cardiovascular Emergency Medications for Adult Cardiovascular Anesthesia

To describe current practices and safety concerns regarding cardiac emergency medications in cardiac anesthesia. An anonymous survey with multiple-choice questions. Online survey using Opinio platform. Cardiac anesthesiologists from United States and Canada. None. Response rate was 12% (n = 320), with 78% of respondents from the United States and 22% from Canada. The majority of the respondents were experienced (66%), academic (60%), and worked in large cardiac institutions (81%). Most cardiac emergency medications were prepared in the operating room (53.4%), followed by the pharmacy (34%) and industry (8.2%). American respondents had more medications prepared by a pharmacy (53%) versus Canadian (10%, p < 0.001). The majority (85%) considered expiration time of cardiac medications prepared in the operating room to be more than 12 hours. Familiarity with the American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines on labeling was 58%, other medication safety guidelines 25%, and 34% were not familiar with any guidelines. The majority used color-coded labeling (95%), and a minority (11%) used bar-code systems. Most respondents (69%) agreed that lack of availability of preprepared medications could compromise patient safety. Having to prepare medications by themselves was a concern for respondents based on distractions (66%), lack of availability for emergencies (53%), labeling errors (41%), incorrect concentration (36%), sterility (33%), and stability (30%). This survey found that cardiac emergency medications commonly are prepared in the operating room. The authors identified gaps in familiarity with parenteral medications safety guidelines. Most safety concerns could be addressed with the application of current medication safety guidelines.

Pengembangan Sistem RFID dan Fingerprint Terintegrasi dengan Sistem Otomasi Layanan di Perpustakaan Universitas Brawijaya

&lt;p&gt;The guest book used at Brawijaya University is digital, where visitor data is stored in a MySQL database. The use of barcode systems is quite effective compared to manual books that are manual, however, the barcode is printed, so that if too often affected by friction, the barcode can be damaged, to overcome the weaknesses that are owned by the barcode, the use of RFID technology can be a new alternative , because RFID (tag) is a technology in the form of an embedded chip. This research methodology discusses the framework carried out in the development of RFID and Fingerprint as an alternative to library guest book registration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the implementation of NodeMCU and fingerprint sensor to the library guest book database with VB.Net GUI, it can be implemented well. Data filling on RFID cards can be done on data blocks, ie blocks other than trailer blocks and manufacturer blocks. Recording in the library guest book database can be done by comparing the registration time of students, if students register on the same day, then recording is only done once, ie at the beginning of registration. Recording can be done using queries directly embedded in the GUI, or calling functions / procedures stored in the database.&lt;/p&gt;

A synthesis of AgNP-rGO-PANI nanocomposite and its use in fabrication of chipless RFID sensor: current research progress

Chipless RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag has attracted significant attention due to the low manufacturing cost. By eliminating the use of integrated circuit (IC), chipless RFID tag can offer competitive price in order to completely replace barcode systems. Besides, integration of physical parameter sensors with chipless RFID will open up a new domain for controlling and monitoring perishable items. It can also be fully printable by using inkjet-printed technology. The inkjet-printed technique is one of the most promising technological solutions for the realization of chipless RFID with low-cost advantage. Various types of conductive inks with different fillers such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and polymer have been developed for printed electronics. It needs deep investigation and study in designing low-cost but robust by using conductive ink on a low-cost substrate. The aim of this review is to claim research gap related to how AgNP-rGO-PANI (Silver Nanoparticle - Reduced Graphene Oxide - Polyaniline) nanocomposite has both scientific and economic advantages. The inkjet-printed method using conductive inks with nanocomposite fillers synthesized from semiconductor materials such as graphene, silver nanoparticles, and polyaniline on a thin sheet of low-cost substrate. This review provides an overview of synthesis methods of AgNP-rGO-PANI nanocomposite, structure and design of chipless RFID sensor, and chipless RFID sensor fabrication methods.

Metamorphic barcodes based on lithographically defined microdots incorporating nanoparticles of phase change materials

Printed barcode lacks distributability as each barcode associated with sample cannot be divided when multiple copies of the same barcode are needed for forensic analysis. This article reports a metamorphic barcode with desired distributability to label objects (liquids or solids) in a covert and high-fidelity manner using polymer microdots containing a panel of phase change nanoparticles (low melting point metal or alloy). The microdots can be made with photolithography at large quantity or serial laser fabrication and have unique serialization numbers based on the melting characteristics of nanoparticles. The microdots can be distributed evenly in liquid or attached on various location of an object and decoded with differential scanning calorimeter. Incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles allows facile collection of polymer microdots with a magnet. The microdots are non-toxic and stable over one year without losing coding information and have higher large labeling capacity than other covert barcode systems.

How IT can add Value to logistic sector: Bar code systems and RFID (radio frequency identification) in logistics services

How IT can add Value to logistic sector: Bar code systems and RFID (radio frequency identification) in logistics services

Elektronisch unterstützter Richt- und Abgabeprozess von Medikamenten im Universitätsspital: Ergebnisse einer Benutzerbefragung

BackgroundNew technologies, such as bar-code scanning systems, have played a significant role in enhancing medication processes over recent years. Despite the documented benefits, integration, acceptance, and user opinion continue to play an important role in the successful implementation of such systems. To date no studies have been carried out in Switzerland to assess the attitude or acceptance of nurses towards electronically supported medication systems after implementation. This study was conducted in order to close this gap. MethodsFollowing a four-month test phase of a closed-loop medication system on two mixed medical-surgical units in a tertiary teaching hospital, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the participating registered nurses (response rate: 62.5%). ResultsThe new system was evaluated positively by the majority (70%) of users. Accordingly, the barcode-assisted medication process was proven to be especially beneficial to users during the 24-hour medication preparation process and during the preparation of infusions. However, user compliance decreased significantly during the administration of bedside medication and the preparation of additional single doses. This was mainly due to a lack of time and inadequate system performance. ConclusionIn the study, 75% of participants reported that they were open to or even enthusiastic about using the new technologies and were supportive of their introduction into the medication process. Overall, the majority rated the new system as beneficial to daily clinical practice, provided the technical performance was high.

A Hash-Based RFID Authentication Mechanism for Context-Aware Management in IoT-Based Multimedia Systems.

With the technological advances in the areas of Machine-To-Machine (M2M) and Device-To-Device (D2D) communication, various smart computing devices now integrate a set of multimedia sensors such as accelerometers, barometers, cameras, fingerprint sensors, gestures, iris scanners, etc., to infer the environmental status. These devices are generally identified using radio-frequency identification (RFID) to transfer the collected data to other local or remote objects over a geographical location. To enable automatic data collection and transition, a valid RFID embedded object is highly recommended. It is used to authorize the devices at various communication phases. In smart application devices, RFID-based authentication is enabled to provide short-range operation. On the other hand, it does not require the communication device to be in line-of-sight to gain server access like bar-code systems. However, in existing authentication schemes, an adversary may capture private user data to create a forgery problem. Also, another issue is the high computation cost. Thus, several studies have addressed the usage of context-aware authentication schemes for multimedia device management systems. The security objective is to determine the user authenticity in order to withhold the eavesdropping and tracing. Lately, RFID has played a significant for the context-aware sensor management systems (CASMS) as it can reduce the complexity of the sensor systems, it can be available in access control, sensor monitoring, real time inventory and security-aware management systems. Lately, this technology has opened up its wings for CASMS, where the challenging issues are tag-anonymity, mutual authentication and untraceability. Thus, this paper proposes a secure hash-based RFID mechanism for CASMS. This proposed protocol is based on the hash operation with the synchronized secret session-key to withstand any attacks, such as desynchronization, replay and man-in-the-middle. Importantly, the security and performance analysis proves that the proposed hash-based protocol achieves better security and performance efficiencies than other related schemes. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed scheme is secure, robust and less expensive while achieving better communication metrics such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput rate.

MegaLight

Screen-camera communication using dynamic barcode streaming has emerged as a convenient and secure method for short-range, impromptu device-to-device communication. Conventional dynamic barcode systems adopt a rule-based approach to recognize the color barcode stream in the receiver, which is empirical, inflexible, and lacks self-adaptiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel solution framework for color barcode stream recognition basing on machine learning techniques. By including a number of training frames into the barcode stream to build a classification model, the proposed framework can achieve high accuracy in color barcode recognition and is adaptive to different ambient lighting conditions (without sudden changes during transmission). A semi-supervised learning approach basing on the Mixture of Experts (MoE) model is further proposed to reduce the start-up time. We implement MegaLight on both black-white and color barcode systems. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MegaLight can significantly reduce the frame demodulation error and reach up to 3x improvement in system goodput comparing to conventional barcode stream recognition approaches.

Supporting Facility Management Processes through End-Users’ Integration and Coordinated BIM-GIS Technologies

The integration of facility management and building information modelling (BIM) is an innovative and critical undertaking process to support facility maintenance and management. Even though recent research has proposed various methods and performed an increasing number of case studies, there are still issues of communication processes to be addressed. This paper presents a theoretical framework for digital systems integration of virtual models and smart technologies. Based on the comprehensive analysis of existing technologies for indoor localization, a new workflow is defined and designed, and it is utilized in a practical case study to test the model performance. In the new workflow, a facility management supporting platform is proposed and characterized, featuring indoor positioning systems to allow end users to send geo-referenced reports to central virtual models. In addition, system requirements, information technology (IT) architecture and application procedures are presented. Results show that the integration of end users in the maintenance processes through smart and easy tools can overcome the existing limits of barcode systems and building management systems for failure localization. The proposed framework offers several advantages. First, it allows the identification of every element of an asset including wide physical building elements (walls, floors, etc.) without requiring a prior mapping. Second, the entire cycle of maintenance activities is managed through a unique integrated system including the territorial dimension. Third, data are collected in a standard structure for future uses. Furthermore, the integration of the process in a centralized BIM-GIS (geographical information system) information management system admit a scalable representation of the information supporting facility management processes in terms of assets and supply chain management and monitoring from a spatial perspective.

Identification of Plastrum Testudinis used in traditional medicine with DNA mini-barcodes

The carapace of the tortoise Chinemys reevesii is an ingredient of “Guijia”, a traditional Chinese medicine. However, C. reevesii is difficult to raise in aquaculture and is rare in the wild. Counterfeit tablets are made from carapaces of other species. In addition to C. reevesii, other species including Mauremys sinensis, Indotestudo elongate and Trachemys scripta have been used in Plastrum Testudinis as well. After processing, these carapaces are difficult to identify on the basis of morphological characteristics, which impedes law enforcement. Our study used DNA barcoding technology to identify C. reevesii and its substitutes. We extracted concentrated genomic DNA for PCR amplification. Based on the analysis of 61 full-length COI sequences, we designed four pairs of mini-barcode primers: Tu-A, Tu-B, Tu-C and Tu-D. The Tu-B primers sequenced genomic DNA with a success rate of 76.47%, and the Tu-D primers sequenced genomic DNA with a success rate of 88.24%. The identification efficiency of these two mini-barcodes was 70.59% and 64.71%, and the overall identification efficiency was approximately 76.47%. Similarly, a set of mini barcode systems was generated, which may provide an effective and low-cost method for the identification of authentic tortoise shells.