Typewriter Research Articles

An innovative strategy for improving ductility of seawater sea-sand engineered cementitious composites beam reinforced with GFRP bar

Seawater sea-sand engineered cementitious composites (SS-ECC) members with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars have inferior ductility due to the brittle nature of GFRP bars. In the current research, an enlarged head anchorage system (EHAS) was recommended to improve the ductility of GFRP bars reinforced SS-ECC beams. To explore the bond characteristics between SS-ECC and GFRP bars with EHAS, a total of 39 specimens were tested by pull-out loading. The influences of enlarged head shape, stirrup spacing and SS-ECC's strength grade on the bond characteristics were experimentally investigated. GFRP longitudinal bars in specimens with EHAS presented rupture failure rather than anchorage failure. EHAS could effectively realize the slip hardening of GFRP bars in low strength SS-ECC, and ensure the reliable bond of GFRP bars in high strength SS-ECC. Additionally, the failure mechanism of specimens under pull-out loading was explored by finite element analysis (FEA). The pull-out resistance was mainly provided by EHAS in force transition stage and slip hardening stage. The influences of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bar type on the bond performance were investigated by FEA. EHAS could realize the slip-hardening behaviors of aramid, basalt and carbon FRP bars in normal strength SS-ECC. More importantly, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ductility enhancement strategy, SS-ECC beams reinforced with GFRP bars were tested by four-point bending. These beams with different enlarged head shapes possessed excellent ductility and strong ultimate deformation capacity. It was recommended that low strength SS-ECC and GFRP bars with EHAS were jointly utilized to enhance the ductile performance of the beams.

Performance Effects Of Footwear And Bar Type During The Deadlift

Performance Effects Of Footwear And Bar Type During The Deadlift

Experimental behaviour, FE modelling and design of large-scale reinforced concrete deep beams shear-strengthened with embedded fibre reinforced polymer bars

Reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams are widely used in buildings and bridges. However, research on shear strengthening of RC deep beams with embedded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is limited. This paper presents the first comprehensive study on the experimental behaviour, nonlinear finite element (NLFE) modelling and design of large-scale RC deep beams strengthened in shear with embedded carbon or glass FRP (CFRP or GFRP) bars. An experimental investigation comprising three large-scale RC deep beams was conducted. Subsequently, a three-dimensional NLFE model was developed and validated against the experimental results. The validated NLFE model was used to perform a parametric study, examining the influence of FRP bar type and steel-to-FRP shear reinforcement ratio on shear strength enhancement. The results of the parametric study were utilized to calibrate and validate a novel design model. The results showed that embedded FRP bars can enhance the shear force capacity of large-scale RC deep beams by up to 40 %. The effect of FRP bar type on the shear strength enhancement was insignificant. However, there was 13 % reduction in shear force gain due to the increase in steel-to-FRP shear reinforcement ratio from 0.77 to 10.0. The novel design model reproduced the NLFE results with a mean ratio of 0.921 and a standard deviation of 0.018. Finally, the ability of the design model to capture the effect of the investigated parameters was demonstrated.

Tensile and creep properties of small specimens of reduced-activation ferritic steel F82H, and the correlation to standard specimen data

Background A reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel, F82H steel, is the primary candidate structural material for fusion reactor blanket. Small specimen test technique is essential to develop the blanket materials using limited irradiation volume in high flux neutron field. An international collaboration activity “Towards the Standardization of Small Specimen Test Techniques for Fusion Applications” has been initiated under the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Project for Phase I from 2017 to 2021, and Phase II from 2022 to 2026. The present paper reports the preliminary results on tensile and creep tests as a summary of the above Phase I activity. Methods Tensile and creep tests were conducted at 550 and 650°C, using flat-plate SSJ type small specimens with various gauge thickness ranged from 0.14 to 1.2 mm, while gauge length and width are 5 and 1.2 mm, respectively. In addition, round bar type standard specimens with a gauge geometry of 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length was also tested for comparison. Results Tensile yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation were independent of the gauge thickness of SSJ specimens, and agreed with the data from the standard size specimens. On the other hand, total elongation was decreased with decreasing the thickness. In creep tests, rupture time was decreased with decreasing the gauge thickness of SSJ specimens. Standard size specimens exhibited shorter rupture time than the SSJ specimens. Conclusions The SSJ type specimens provided similar tensile parameters to those from the standard specimen, except total elongation. Creep rupture time of the SSJ specimens were different from the standard specimen, and decreased with decreasing the gauge thickness.

Degradation of flexural bond of CFRP bar in UHPFRC after exposure to elevated temperature

This paper investigated degradation of flexural bond of a ribbed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar in ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) after exposure to elevated temperatures. For this purpose, the mechanical properties of UHPFRC and thermal properties of CFRP bars after exposure to elevated temperatures were investigated, and a total of 16 groups of hinged beams were fabricated with variables of embedment length (4db, 10db, 20db, and 40db), bar type and exposed to elevated temperatures (200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C). The mechanical properties of UHPFRC increased until elevated temperatures reached 400 °C and it was shown that the reduction of the ultimate tensile strength of CFRP bars were not notable after exposure to elevated temperatures of up to 300 °C. The ultimate moment of ribbed CFRP bars after exposure to elevated temperatures at 200 and 300 °C was similar. After exposure to an elevated temperature of 400 °C, it decreased by about 29–63 % compared to non-heated specimens, with bar rupture. Although similar decomposition temperatures of ribbed and sand coated CFRP bars occurred, the residual flexural bond strength of the ribbed CFRP bar was larger than that of the sand coated CFRP bar after exposure to elevated temperature at 400 °C. In addition, a relatively lower reduction of bond strength occurred in RC-40ED-400 compared to RC-10ED-400 and RC-20ED-400. Based on the test results, development length with consideration of degradation of developed tensile and normalized bond strength of CFRP bars were proposed, and it was found that the required development length of ribbed CFRP bars after exposure to elevated temperatures at 400 °C increased by 294 % compared to ambient temperature.

Effect of snack bar type on satiation and sensory acceptance in young adults

Effect of snack bar type on satiation and sensory acceptance in young adults

Bond behavior and modeling of steel-FRP composite bars in engineered cementitious composites

The combination of the steel-FRP composite bar (SFCB) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) holds favorable applications in terms of durable resilient structures. However, a clear understanding of the interfacial bond performance of this novel combination is currently lacking. Therefore, the bond behavior and mechanism of the SFCB-ECC interface were investigated through direct pullout tests. A total of 48 cube specimens were fabricated, with the test variables including bar type, bar diameter, embedment length, and matrix type. The experimental results indicated that the bond failure mode of SFCBs and FRP bars differed from that of deformed steel bars, attributed to the damage of resin-rich ribs in relatively high-strength ECC. The bond-slip curves revealed both the fundamental differences and similarities among steel bars, SFCBs, and FRP bars. The Poisson effect and shear lag effect increased with a decrease in bar stiffness and an increase in diameter. The combined impact of the interaction between the bar stiffness and diameter resulted in varying bond strengths for steel bars, SFCBs, and GFRP bars, despite their similar surface geometries. A theoretical model for the bond strength at the SFCB-ECC interface was derived using the thick-walled cylinder principle and subsequently validated with test data. Finally, a unified empirical model framework for predicting the bond strength of various bar-matrix combinations was proposed based on the theoretical model. The accuracy of this method was evaluated using a collected database.

Bond strength between ductile carbon/glass hybrid fibers-reinforced polymer bar and concrete through plate-type bond samples

The ductile carbon/glass hybrid fibers-reinforced polymer (C/G-HFRP) bar with excellent corrosion resistance is considered as an outstanding alternative to steel bar in structural concrete. The bond strength of C/G-HFRP bar to concrete plays a dominant contribution to fully realize the prominent properties of C/G-HFRP bar-reinforced concrete structures. In this work, the bond strength between ductile C/G-HFRP bar and concrete was investigated through a plate-type bond sample under direct pullout load. The effects of C/G-HFRP bar diameter, rib pitch, carbon/glass ratio, embedment length, concrete strength, cover thickness, bar type and sample type on the bond strength of C/G-HFRP bar to concrete were considered. The experiment outcomes revealed that the bond strength between C/G-HFRP bar and concrete by plate-type bond samples was 32.4 % lower than that by cube-type ones, resulting from that the influence of reaction frame on the crack propagation of concrete was eliminated during the loading procedure of plate-type bond samples. Also, the bond strength of C/G-HFRP bars to concrete increased with the tensile modulus, while the bond strength between C/G-HFRP bar and concrete was 48.5 % lower than that between steel bar and concrete. The failure mode of bond samples was controlled by the cover thickness of concrete when the compressive strength of concrete was not more than 55 MPa. Furthermore, the bond strength of sample was associated with the failure modes of test samples. The bond strength was decided by the mechanical properties of concrete when the bond sample happened splitting failure, while it was decided by the shear-resistant strength of flange ribs for C/G-HFRP bar when the failure mode of bond sample belonged to pull-out failure. Finally, the bond strength of C/G-HFRP bar to concrete was calculated by the thick-walled cylinder model.

Experimental Study on the Performance of Glass/Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Unidirectional Plate under Impact Load

Fiber-reinforced composite materials have emerged as essential solutions for addressing the durability challenges of traditional reinforced concrete, owing to their lightweight nature, high strength, ease of construction, superior tensile capacity, robust corrosion resistance, and excellent electromagnetic insulation properties. This paper delves into the influence of loading rate and fiber bar type on the mechanical characteristics of concrete one-way plates through impact experiments on such plates fitted with glass/basalt fiber bars at varying drop weight heights. The test results reveal a direct correlation between increasing loading rates and escalating damage in fiber-reinforced concrete one-way plates, reflected in the progressive rise in peak deflection and residual displacement at the mid-span of the specimens. Notably, when subjected to higher impact loads, glass fiber-reinforced concrete specimens exhibit amplified deformation and intricate crack formations, consequently diminishing the overall deformation resistance of the plate. Furthermore, glass/basalt fiber-reinforced composites demonstrate notable vibration damping qualities, characterized by substantial residual displacement, minimal rebound, and rapid decay following vibration stimulation. Overall, glass fiber-reinforced one-way plates display marginally superior impact resistance compared to their basalt fiber-reinforced counterparts.

Aplikasi Praktis Metode Pengembangan Cepat (RAD) Dalam Sistem Manajemen Penjualan Dan Pengembalian Barang Berbasis Web

In the process of recording sales transactions at Toko Kurnia Jaya always use a manual typewriter so that it is not effective and inaccurate in recording sales transactions, and sales notes are still manual on paper. Another problem is in the process of returning goods, if the goods purchased by the buyer are not appropriate. From these problems, it is formulated how to build a web-based application for recording sales transactions and returning goods. The data collection method that the author uses in completing this report is the method of observation, interviews and library studies. The system development model that the author uses is the RAD model, the programming language that the author uses is PHP and MySql as a database and tested using the Blackbox testing method. With the application of processing sales transactions and returning goods, it can facilitate the search for goods data and more quickly find information about the price of goods and make it easier to manage transaction data, both knowing the total sales results, returning goods and recording incoming goods data.

Pull-Out Tests for GFRP/BFRP/Steel Bars Used as Nailing for Coal-Bearing Soil Slopes in Humid Regions

Abstract Coal-bearing soil slopes are associated with a high risk of landslides when subjected to high soil water content. Steel bars have been used as soil nailing for slope stabilization; however, corrosion may occur in an aggressive environment. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars have higher resistance to corrosion and could be alternatives to steel bars, but their elastic modulus and bonding strength with cement concrete are inferior to steel bars, which may result in lower reinforcement effects against landslides and hence require further investigation. In this study, the mechanical properties of different types of bars were investigated using tensile tests. The mineral composition of the soil samples was analyzed. Subsequently, pull-out tests were conducted on three types of bars (steel, GFRP, and BFRP) embedded in grouts in the soil. Up to 38 test scenarios were investigated, and the results were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance test. The effects of several factors were studied, including the bar type, water content, soil compaction degree, and soil surcharge. The results showed that the bar type had an insignificant effect on the maximum pull-out loads, indicating the feasibility of using GFRP and BFRP bars as alternatives to steel bars for soil nailing in coal-bearing soil slopes. The reinforcement effect can be weakened by rainfall or drought events and enhanced by higher compaction energy and surcharge loads.

Flexural bond behavior and development length of ribbed CFRP bars in UHPFRC

Ribbed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars in ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) are a high-efficiency combination for its sustainable substitute and high strength to weight ratio. This paper aims to investigate the bond stress and development length of ribbed CFRP bar embedded in UHPFRC using the hinged beam test. A total of 12 groups of hinged beam specimens were tested with different parameters, such as bar type (ribbed CFRP, sand coated CFRP, ribbed glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and steel bar), bonded length (4db, 10db, 20 db, and 40 db), fibers (with and without fibers in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)), and presence of shear reinforcement for assessing the bonding behavior and development length of each bar. Tensile failure occurred in the steel, ribbed GFRP, and ribbed CFRP bars with bonded lengths of 10db, 20db, and 40db, respectively, and pullout failure occurred in sand coated CFRP bars regardless of bonded length. The ultimate load for the bonded length of 10 db was in order of ribbed CFRP, ribbed GFRP, steel, and sand coated CFRP bars. Compared with the bonded length, the bond stress of ribbed CFRP bars is larger than that of the ribbed GFRP and sand coated CFRP bar and these trends became more remarkable as the bonded length increased. There was no difference in the bond stress with presence of the reinforcement cage, and the bond stress increased by 20 % when the fibers were incorporated. The code-based equation for development length of ribbed CFRP bar was found to be underestimated, and ribbed CFRP, sand coated CFRP, ribbed GFRP bar of development length was proposed as 24db, 20db, and 107db.

The influence of longitudinal rebar type and stirrup ratio on the bond performance of reinforced concrete with corrosion

This study investigated the bond-slip mechanism of eccentrically pulled out rebar under different corrosion level. The variation patterns of the bonding performance between two types of steel rebars (i.e., plain round rebar and ribbed rebar) and concrete with different stirrup ratios were obtained with respect to the amount of steel rebar corrosion. The differences in bonding performance between plain round rebars and ribbed rebars with concrete were compared, and the bond-slip mechanisms of plain round rebars and ribbed rebars with concrete were elucidated. The influence of longitudinal bar type and stirrup ratio on the ultimate bond strength and bond-slip constitutive curve was analyzed. It has been determined that in the case of uncorroded specimens featuring ribbed bars, the ultimate bond strength exhibits an approximately linear increase in relation to the stirrup ratio. Conversely, the stirrup ratio does not have a significant impact on the ultimate bond strength of uncorroded specimens with plain round bars. Transverse reinforcement plays a crucial role in mitigating the effects of cracked concrete by delaying the reduction in bond stress caused by the corrosion rate of longitudinal reinforcement. This phenomenon becomes increasingly prominent when higher stirrup ratios are utilized in the case of plain round reinforcement. Transverse reinforcement serves to suppress the occurrence of the brittle failure stage that follows the peak bond stress in specimens exhibiting a low corrosion rate. The magnitude of this effect becomes more pronounced as higher transverse reinforcement ratios are employed.

Evaluation of impact response of thermal-damaged FRP-RC slabs: Effects of FRP bar type and concrete cover thickness

The purpose of present study is to investigate the impact response of FRP-RC slabs under elevated temperatures. Considering the high-temperature degradation effect and strain rate enhancement effect of FRP bars and concrete materials, a numerical model for studying the fire and impact resistance of FRP-RC slabs was established and verified. The impact failure mechanism of in-fire thermal-damaged FRP-RC slabs was analyzed. The influence of the type of FRP bars, concrete cover thickness and fire duration on the in-fire impact resistance of FRP-RC slabs was revealed. Ultimately, the post-fire residual bearing capacity of the slabs after elevated temperature and impact was obtained. The results show that the typical local punching failure mode is not affected by thermal damage while energy dissipated by concrete accounts for most of the impact energy absorbed by the slabs. When exposed to fire for 60 min, the elevated temperature significantly deteriorates the impact resistance of FRP-RC slabs with a cover thickness of 15 mm. At this time, the greater the concrete cover thickness, the better the impact resistance of FRP-RC slabs. Under the combined action of elevated temperature and impact, Carbon FRP-RC slabs have greater stiffness, lower deflection, greater impact plateau value, less impact duration and lower energy consumption than Aramid FRP, Basalt FRP and Glass FRP-RC slabs. Moreover, the damage index of the slab based on residual bearing capacity and peak displacement is approximately linearly positively correlated. The influence of the concrete cover thickness is more prominent on the damage index based on the peak displacement.

Flexural behavior and bond coefficient of BFRP bar reinforced normal and high strength concrete beams

Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars are emerging as potential non-metallic reinforcements for concrete structures due to the wide availability of their raw materials, their environmentally friendly manufacturing process, and their excellent mechanical and durability properties. This paper focuses on the flexural and deflection response of normal and high-strength concrete (HSC) beams reinforced with BFRP bars. A total of fifteen simply supported concrete beams were tested under four-point loading on a flexural span of 2.5 m. The study parameters were the reinforcement ratio, BFRP bar size, concrete strength and bar type (BFRP, GFRP and Steel). The experimental results were compared to ACI 440.1R-15 predictions. The prediction of ultimate moment capacity was in good agreement with the experimental result, while the cracking moment was overestimated. Furthermore, the mid-span deflection was significantly underestimated at service and ultimate loads. Modification in the empirical equations was proposed to enhance the predictions of mid-span deflection at service load. The bond coefficient kb used for predicting the crack width was estimated at 0.89 and 1.12 for BFRP-reinforced normal and high-strength beams.

Bond durability of FRP bars and seawater–sea sand–geopolymer concrete: Coupled effects of seawater immersion and sustained load

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)-reinforced seawater–sea sand–geopolymer concrete (SSGC) structures combine the advantages of corrosion-free FRP bars in marine environments and the direct utilization of seawater and sea sand, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which can lead to a reduction in carbon emissions and promote sustainable development in civil engineering. This study explores the combined effects of seawater immersion (laboratory condition, ∼26 °C) and sustained load (60% ultimate interface bond strength) on the durability of the interface between FRP bars and SSGC by pull-out tests. The test parameters included FRP bar type and immersion duration (60 and 180 days). River sand and freshwater geopolymer concrete (RSGC) were used for comparison. The properties of the SSGC were also studied to reveal the impact on the interface performance. The results showed that the increase in GGBS content reduced the setting time but was beneficial for improving the compressive strength of the concretes at 28 d due to the large amount of calcium ions contained in the GGBS. The increase in Na2SiO3 content increased N-A-S-H, resulting in a dense cementitious material; compressive strength increased, and the axial ultimate strain of concrete decreased. The long-term performances of SSGC and RSGC in a seawater immersion environment were similar and characterized by reduced strength and enhanced brittleness. The bonding strength between the FRP bar–concrete interface decreased due to the decreased concrete strength under seawater immersion. As the immersion time increased, the fibre fractured under the effects of sustained load, leading to an increase in the bond strength degradation. The bond–slip constitutive model was analysed based on existing models.

Practical use of smartphone cameras in rip current monitoring studies

The present study focuses on detection and analysis of rip currents through a low-cost smartphone-based beach monitoring system (SBMS) by taking the advantage of multiple in-built cameras and on-board memory. The famous tourist destination, Rama Krishna (RK) beach, in East coast of India has been chosen for the study, as it is experiencing high number of drownings (525 causalities since 2006). Videos of 20-min duration were collected covering different time frames of 2022 and an open-source Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (QCIT) toolbox has been used to process the videos. Rectified Timex images are generated and utilised to analyse the morphodynamic changes of the beach. Several rip currents have been observed along the coast, with strongest being maximum length of 242 m with a width of 55 m. Beach modal states have been computed to determine the rip current hazard associated with it. Sequential transect data indicated the existence of waves at infra-gravity motions within the rip current channels. During the study period, the beach is dominated by Transverse Bar and Rip (TBR) beach type, which is known for its rip current danger. Rhodamine dye experiments have been conducted to practically measure the strength of the rip currents using video data and field data synergistically. The study is first of its kind in exploring the potential application of low-cost smartphones to scientifically monitor rip currents at any beach. Our study would help in further extending this work for beach sites and can be applied to projects where limited funds are available. We suggest to apply this methodology as a preliminary study before setting up permanent video monitoring station.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of HTRB630 High-Strength Steel Bars

To explore the application of heat-treated ribbed bar (HTRB) type HTRB630 high-strength steel bars in reinforced concrete bridges, the tensile test and high-cycle fatigue test are carried out. Then, the high-cycle fatigue properties of the specimens are analyzed and discussed from median stress-number of loading cycles (S-N) curve, P-S-N curve, comparison with 500-MPa grade steel bars, and fatigue fracture mechanism. Finally, their high-cycle fatigue properties are investigated numerically, and the influence of stress ratio on their fatigue properties is discussed. The results indicated that the probability-stress-number of loading cycles (P-S-N) curve with a confidence level γ=75% and a reliability guarantee rate P=97.7% is more accurate than the median S-N curves for the fatigue design of reinforced concrete bridges. In the P-S-N curve, the stress ranges at 2 million and 10 million cycles are 237.03 and 203.38 MPa, respectively. In the median S-N curve, the stress ranges at 2 million and 10 million cycles of fatigue life of steel bars are 262.77 and 236.08 MPa. The fatigue properties of the specimens are higher than those for the 500-MPa grade steel bars. The fatigue fracture of the specimens consists of a fatigue source zone, crack propagation zone, and transient fracture zone. Microscopically, it is a cleavage fracture in the crack propagation zone; it is micropore aggregation fractures in the instantaneous fracture zone. At a given fatigue life, the fatigue stress range decreases as the stress ratio increases. The fatigue properties of the specimens are better at a higher stress ratio with the same maximum stress.

Потребление алкоголя в российском мегаполисе: Факторы и группы риска

In recent years, Russia has seen a considerable decrease in the number of consumers of alcoholic beverages. However, mortality from alcohol-related causes is still quite high. In the context of the Concept for lowering alcohol use in the Russian Federation up to 2030, it is promising to assess the risks of alcohol involvement of Muscovites as residents of a certain metropolitan region. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of alcohol intake by Moscow residents, including factors and risk groups. An empirical sociological survey (CATI, randomized sample, N = 1002) was conducted in October 2022 among adult residents of Moscow. The study has showed that 78 % of Muscovites have consumed alcohol over the past year; the rate of heavy drinking is 14 % among male drinkers and 7 % among female drinkers, which is consistent with data from previous studies conducted on a nationwide sample. Also, 16 % of Muscovites note that they have consumed homemade alcohol over the past month, which means that they represent a potential risk group for poisoning. The study identified the structure of alcohol consumption, which served as the foundation for consumer classification: “bar type” (24 %), “homemade alcohol of various strengths” (21 %), “strong alcohol and homemade wine” (20 %), “wine” (18 %), "only vodka" (17 %). Alcohol abuse is uncommon among young individuals. Involvement in drinking alcohol is frequently influenced by relatives (including parents), colleagues and friends, highlighting the need to address alcoholism's social components. Respondents evaluate the current anti-alcohol measures in Moscow rather positively.

Alcohol consumption in a Russian metropolis: factors and risk groups

In recent years, Russia has seen a considerable decrease in the number of consumers of alcoholic beverages. However, mortality from alcohol-related causes is still quite high. In the context of the Concept for lowering alcohol use in the Russian Federation up to 2030, it is promising to assess the risks of alcohol involvement of Muscovites as residents of a certain metropolitan region. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of alcohol intake by Moscow residents, including factors and risk groups. An empirical sociological survey (CATI, randomized sample, N = 1002) was conducted in October 2022 among adult residents of Moscow. The study has showed that 78 % of Muscovites have consumed alcohol over the past year; the rate of heavy drinking is 14 % among male drinkers and 7 % among female drinkers, which is consistent with data from previous studies conducted on a nationwide sample. Also, 16 % of Muscovites note that they have consumed homemade alcohol over the past month, which means that they represent a potential risk group for poisoning. The study identified the structure of alcohol consumption, which served as the foundation for consumer classification: “bar type” (24 %), “homemade alcohol of various strengths” (21 %), “strong alcohol and homemade wine” (20 %), “wine” (18 %), "only vodka" (17 %). Alcohol abuse is uncommon among young individuals. Involvement in drinking alcohol is frequently influenced by relatives (including parents), colleagues and friends, highlighting the need to address alcoholism's social components. Respondents evaluate the current anti-alcohol measures in Moscow rather positively.