Bar Display Research Articles

5: Application Solution for Supersize Automobile Curved Bar Display

A supersize UHD automobile curved LCD Bar display has been developed by using a newly‐designed curved structure, which has excellent curvature radius tolerance precision and good stability performance. This module contains ADS panel with special shape COFs and multiple‐section XPCBs, EGI bezel with obround hole, and D‐LED BLU, the BLU main parts that impacting module curvature precision includes Al back cover riveted EGI reinforcement ribs, double layer frames and vertical fixed multiple‐section LED bars. With this design the module curvature tolerance is improved from traditional industry precision ±10% to ±4.5%R , and this curvature tolerance could finely meet automobile display cover glass full bonding process requirement, resolve cover glass broken issue effectively. Base on the perfect precision curvature radius tolerance and well stability character, the 48inch UHD automobile curved LCD display has been applied to an intelligent electric car.

A Feasibility Study of a Vibrotactile System Based on Electrostatic Actuators for Touch Bar Interfaces: Experimental Evaluations

Vibrotactile feedback is a very desirable feature for many touchscreen applications, creating a more engaging and effective user experience. Although it is common in small electronic devices, this feedback is often absent in large touchscreen devices because it is difficult to provide vibration sensations and control the magnitude throughout the display. Because of their long shape (over 20 cm), touch bar displays are susceptible to the same challenges that other large display types face. Thus, there is a need for a vibrotactile actuation system capable of generating a freely positionable and fully controllable point of stimulation with satisfying force output at any point of a touch bar display. This study proposes a new spring boundary condition vibrotactile system as a way to provide such feedback in touch bar interfaces. A prototype system was created using two electrostatic resonant actuators and a thin, narrow aluminum beam to study the effect of different actuator excitation parameters on the beam’s response. By varying the number of actuators excited, magnitude, excitation frequency, and signal duration, a minimum vibration of 24.5 m/s2 could be created in the beam, with the majority of the beam able to exceed 40 m/s2. These results show that a targeted vibrotactile response at a given location in the beam can be achieved and sustained. This demonstrates a promising potential for generating a freely positionable and fully controllable point of vibrotactile stimulation at any point of a touch bar display.

2128 Using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback as a tool for demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in cognitive behavioral therapy

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purpose of this study was to provide individuals who have experience with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a demonstration of how using their therapeutic strategies affects their brain activity. Two challenges that face CBT and other cognitive therapies are (1) sustaining the gradual, incremental behavioral changes characteristic of the treatment and (2) measuring associated biological changes. These challenges may impede treatment efficacy and may negatively affect treatment outcomes, including patient discontinuation of CBT. Ideas for addressing these issues include providing patients with (1) a more immediate indicator of therapy effectiveness as well as (2) a biological index of behavioral change. In this study, we aimed to provide participants with an index of biological change based on therapeutic experiences via use of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We recruited participants who had already completed cognitive therapy as part of a clinical trial for depression at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (n=13). In the present experiment, participants were asked to provide a list of negative autobiographical memories or worries as well as cognitive strategies they use to cope with negative moods. The task consisted of COUNT, MEMORY, and STRATEGY trials (30 s each). During baseline COUNT trials, participants counted backwards (e.g., 300–4). During MEMORY trials, they viewed phrases previously developed describing their negative autobiographical memories/worries. During STRATEGY trials participants viewed a strategy they use to help them process the memory/worry. First, a localizer run was completed to determine a unique region of interest for each participant. We identified peak activation within the cingulate cortex to the contrast of MEMORY (STRATEGY+COUNT). Although the task was the same, no neurofeedback was displayed during the localizer run. During the feedback runs, participants were shown neurofeedback from the cingulate cortex following both the MEMORY and STRATEGY trials. This activation was represented on a signal bar display and represented the average cingulate activation during the trial. Unlike many rtfMRI studies, the purpose here was not for participants to interact with the neurofeedback directly. Rather, a feedback summary was shown to participants after each MEMORY and STRATEGY trial as an index of how brain activity changed in response to negative memories/worries and therapeutic strategies. Our goal was not for participants to learn to self-regulate the cingulate cortex, but rather to provide participants with a metacognitive demonstration of strategy efficacy. Participants were given detailed instructions regarding the task design, the role of the cingulate cortex in depression, as well as the hypothesized direction of activation during the MEMORY and STRATEGY phases to help them interpret the neurofeedback. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results revealed that “stronger neurofeedback” (defined as the difference between STRATEGY vs. MEMORY trials) correlated with self-reported strategy efficacy ratings immediately following the scan session (p<0.05). More importantly, stronger neurofeedback predicted both self-reported strategy efficacy and frequency of use 1 month following the MRI session (p<0.05). Importantly, this relationship was specific to only those strategies used inside the scanner; and no such relationship was observed at baseline. Neuroimaging results revealed that during the MEMORY phase, activation within inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus correlated with baseline BDI score (whole brain, cluster corrected with FSL Flame 1 to p<0.05). During the STRATEGY phase, the periaqueductal gray nucleus, insula, and temporal pole predicted self-reported frequency of strategy use 1 month post-scan session (whole brain, cluster corrected with FSL Flame 1 to p<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We believe this study holds promise to provide a powerful demonstration for individuals that strategies used to cope with negative moods can produce significant changes in their brain.

Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics.

Organic and printed electronics integration has the potential to revolutionize many technologies, including biomedical diagnostics. This work demonstrates the successful integration of multiple printed electronic functionalities into a single device capable of the measurement of hydrogen peroxide and total cholesterol. The single-use device employed printed electrochemical sensors for hydrogen peroxide electroreduction integrated with printed electrochromic display and battery. The system was driven by a conventional electronic circuit designed to illustrate the complete integration of silicon integrated circuits via pick and place or using organic electronic circuits. The device was capable of measuring 8 μL samples of both hydrogen peroxide (0-5 mM, 2.72 × 10-6 A·mM-1) and total cholesterol in serum from 0 to 9 mM (1.34 × 10-8 A·mM-1, r2 = 0.99, RSD < 10%, n = 3), and the result was output on a semiquantitative linear bar display. The device could operate for 10 min via a printed battery, and display the result for many hours or days. A mobile phone "app" was also capable of reading the test result and transmitting this to a remote health care provider. Such a technology could allow improved management of conditions such as hypercholesterolemia.

P‐113: Processing Technology and Application of a Bar Display based on TFT‐LCDs

This paper exhibited a simple and low‐cost processing method of bar‐display screen based on TFT‐LCD, and the existing issues in the process of product development, such as LC Bubble, vertical bright and dark lines, were solved. The development of bar display technique based on TFT‐LCD in the commercial display, though our research, will be enormously promoted.

Are consumers aware of top-bottom but not of left-right inferences? Implications for shelf space positions.

We propose that the horizontal and vertical position of an item on a display is a source of information that individuals use to make judgments. Six experiments using 1 × 5 or 5 × 5 displays show that consumers judge that products placed at the bottom (vs. top) and on the left-hand (vs. middle and right-hand) side of a display are less expensive and of lower quality (Study 1a using a bar display, Study 1b using wine, and Study 1c using Swatch watches). Results support the claim that verticality effects (top-bottom) are attenuated when participants are less involved with the decision task (Study 2 using Swatch watches and chocolates) and when they are exposed to information that questions the diagnosticity of using vertical position as a cue (Study 3 using wine). However, the horizontality (left-right) effect is robust to both of these manipulations. Horizontality effects are exacerbated for participants primed with a number line (Study 4 also using wine), suggesting that exposure to the number line (where higher numbers are on the right) is a possible antecedent of the horizontality effect. The verticality effects may, on the other hand, reflect people's retail experience of seeing higher priced products on higher shelves, which leads to their forming a similar expectation. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical implications for visual information processing as well as practical implications for retail management.

Charge sniffer for electrostatics demonstrations

An electronic electroscope with a special design for demonstrations and experiments on static electricity is described. It operates as an electric charge sniffer by detecting slightly charged objects when they are brought to the front of its sensing electrode. The sniffer has the advantage of combining high directional sensitivity with a logarithmic bar display. It allows for the identification of electric charge polarity during charge separation by friction, peeling, electrostatic induction, batteries, or secondary coils of power transformers. Other experiments in electrostatics, such as observing the electric field of an oscillating dipole and the distance dependence of the electric field generated by simple charge configurations, are also described.

SU‐FF‐J‐61: Evaluation of Two CT/MRI Fusion Algorithms Used for Treatment Planning

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of two CT/MRI image fusion algorithms used for 3D‐CRT and IMRT treatment planning Method and Materials: Computed tomography‐magnetic resonance imaging (CT‐MRI) fusion was performed for nine patients with brain/head &amp; neck lesions. Some patients have undergone both three dimensional conformal therapy (3D‐CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using two commercially available treatment planning systems which we will refer to as system (1) and system (2), respectively. In order to quantify the fusion results bony landmarks, such as the ramus of the mandible or part of the skull bone, were outlined on the reformatted MRI and the position of the outline in reference to the same bony landmark on the CT image were measured. Results: Based on what was acceptable fusion for our clinicians, this preliminary study showed registration accuracy between CT and MRI within 3 mm and 2 mm for system (1) and (2), respectively. On system 2 the quality of the fusion, the bar display, was in the range 62.5% – 100%. We also found that getting full bar (100% — ‘perfect match’) is possible with reasonable effort if one uses three fiducial marks. Though the bar showed 100% fusion quality the fusion results were not satisfactory. We found better fusion using five or more fiducial points with 62.5 % to 75 % fusion quality. Conclusion: Fusion software in both systems provides sufficient CT‐MRI fusion accuracy. However, one has to be careful in interpreting the semi‐quantitative bar display in system (2) fusion results. We found that instead of going for a perfect matching bar using few fiducial marks one has to use more points, at least five, even if one gets lower percentage match as this is averaged over more landmarks.

Rapid communication Concerning ‘A comparison of the augmented bar display and object display’, by G. C. Elvers and N. J. Dolan

Rapid communication Concerning ‘A comparison of the augmented bar display and object display’, by G. C. Elvers and N. J. Dolan

A comparison of the augmented bar display and the object display

Two experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that object displays facilitate integration task performance because they contain information that is not readily accessible in standard bar displays. The first experiment demonstrated that when the extra information present in an object display is added to a bar display, as in the augmented bar display, integration task performance can be improved in the bar display. The second experiment shows that integration task performance is poor with an object display when the extra information present in the object display is not relevant to the integration task. If the decision statistic can be specified at the time of display design, an augmented bar display may be appropriate since it offers good performance for both separate and integral tasks; if the decision statistic cannot be specified at the time of display design, the use of an object display may hinder performance if the decision statistic and emergent feature are not correlated.

The Influence of Color, Closure and Correlation on Integral and Separable Performance with Object Displays

Three variables were manipulated in an attempt to determine the conditions of optimal performance using object-like displays. Uniquely color coding the vertices of the object did not appear to cause a significant change in separate or integral task accuracy. The introduction of a display based on the Gestalt law of closure in which the middle third of each side of the object was removed improved separate task accuracy relative to the object display. Separate task accuracy for the closure display was not as good as the bar display. Integration task accuracy was not harmed by this manipulation. The validity of the emergent feature for information integration was manipulated. Lower levels of validity reduce integration task accuracy for all displays equally. Thus, if information integration is the operator's primary task, display designers should consider using the closure display in place of the object display. The usefulness of both object and closure displays may be limited since the emergent feature may be less than 100% valid for the information integration task in many real world situations. This is due to constraints in the geometry of object displays.

Measurement Scale and Zero Point Indicators Affect Object Display Separate and Integral Task Performance

Object displays, compared to bar displays, usually show better performance on tasks that require the operator to integrate the information presented. The cost of this benefit is that performance on separate tasks, where the operator needs to extract individual pieces of information, is typically not as good with an object display as with a bar display. One potential explanation for the decrement in performance seen when using the object display for separate tasks is the lack of a frame of reference for the separate tasks. In this study the frame of reference was manipulated by providing varying degrees of units of measure (full, partial and no tick marks) and presence or absence of a zero point. The results indicate that, if a frame of reference is present reaction time (RT) on the separate task is improved, but at the expense of the integration task. Root-mean-square (RMS) error is reduced if a frame of reference is present. A speed-accuracy trade-off was observed for the integration task with unit of measurement present. Implications for the design of object displays are discussed in light of this trade-off.