Baoshan District Research Articles

Cassiterite and monazite U-Pb dating, and cassiterite geochemistry of the Shiganghe and Tiechang tin deposits in the Baoshan district (NW Yunnan), SW China

Cassiterite and monazite U-Pb dating, and cassiterite geochemistry of the Shiganghe and Tiechang tin deposits in the Baoshan district (NW Yunnan), SW China

Exploring Urban XCO2 Patterns Using PRISMA Satellite: A Case Study in Shanghai

As global warming intensifies, monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) has increasingly become a focal point of research. Investigating urban XCO2 emission systems holds paramount importance, given the pivotal role of cities as major contributors to carbon emissions. Consequently, this study centers on urban locales, employing Shanghai as a case study for a comprehensive evaluation of regional XCO2 levels. We utilized high spatial resolution imagery from the PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) satellite to conduct an XCO2 assessment over the Baoshan District with a 30 m spatial resolution from April 2021 to October 2022. Our XCO2 analysis was conducted in two steps. Firstly, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on key parameters in the inversion process, where cloud cover severely interfered with inversion accuracy. Therefore, we developed the Fmask 4.0 cloud removal and iterative maximum a posteriori differential optical absorption spectroscopy (FIMAP-DOAS) algorithm. This novel integration eliminated cloud interference during the inversion process, achieving high-precision CO2 detection in the region. Secondly, we compared the XCO2 of the region with Level-2 data from carbon monitoring satellites such as OCO-2. The comparison results showed a strong consistency, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.75 ppm for Shanghai XCO2 data obtained from the PRISMA satellite compared to OCO-2 Level-2 data and an RMSE of 1.49 ppm compared to OCO-3. This study successfully established a high-accuracy and high-spatial-resolution XCO2 satellite monitoring system for the Shanghai area. The efficacy of the FIMAP-DOAS algorithm has been demonstrated in CO2 monitoring and inversion within urban environments, with potential applicability to other cities.

Integrating SAR and Geographic Information Data Revealing Land Subsidence and Geological Risks of Shanghai City

As one of the most developed coastal cities, Shanghai experiences long-term ground surface settlement disasters during urban expansion periods, which has adverse effects on economic development. To date, many studies regarding Shanghai’s ground surface sedimentation have been conducted with microwave remote sensing technology. However, the systematic and timely analysis of the time series deformation results and risk evaluation is still absent. Therefore, we focused on the following aspects in this study: Firstly, revealing in detail the time series deformation characteristics during 2016–2022 with Sentinel-1A images and verifying the deformation results with different InSAR technologies and SAR data. Secondly, fully discussing the reasons for ground sedimentation from the aspects of subway construction, land use type, monthly rainfall, and human activities, and studying the correlation between surface deformation and rainfall with the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method. Finally, conducting a risk evaluation and risk level division using the entropy method, combining the long time series deformation results and geoinformation data. Meanwhile, the following conclusions were reached: 1. There are six typical deformation areas, distributed in the Baoshan District, Minhang District, and Jinshan District of Pudong New District from 2016 to 2022. The maximum annual rate is −32.3 mm/a, and the maximum cumulative sedimentation reaches −188.6 mm. 2. Ground sedimentation is mainly due to engineering construction during city development and verifies the weak correlation between surface deformation and rainfall. 3. We obtained different levels of geological hazard risk areas, and Huangpu, Yangpu, Hongkou District, the northwest area of Pudong New Area, and the vicinity of Dishui Lake belong to higher-risk areas. The above time series deformation research results and systematic analysis of induced factors, and the higher-risk-area division, will provide valuable insights for urban risk management.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Ozone Concentration and Source Analysis during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Shanghai

In March 2022, a new wave of COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Shanghai due to the widespread transmission of the Omicron variant. A two-month citywide lockdown was implemented from April 1st to May 31st, adopting measures such as zone-based classification and grid management. This unique social event provided an “ideal air quality experiment” for pollution research. The rapid reduction in economic activities during the lockdown had many positive impacts on the environment, leading to overall improvements in air quality. Particularly, the concentration of NOx, one of the precursors to O3, significantly decreased. However, O3, as a typical secondary pollutant, showed a noticeable increase. This study uses the WRF-CAMx-OSAT air quality model method to analyze the source of O3 pollution in Shanghai from April to May 2022. The impact of O3 precursor control, sector sources, and regional contributions on the formation of O3 pollution in Shanghai is analyzed in depth. During the pandemic lockdown period, it was found that, in Shanghai, the overall O3 levels were controlled by VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), and controlling VOCs proved to be an effective measure in reducing O3 concentrations in Shanghai. Compared with the same period in 2021, the proportion of road traffic sources contributing to ozone concentration has significantly decreased from 70.61% to 64.3%, but they are still the largest contributor. The contribution of industrial emissions to the ozone concentration has significantly risen from 20.71% to 26.36%, making them still the second largest contributor. Industrial and traffic sources are emission sources that require particular attention. The contribution ratio of local sources to external transport is about 7:3, which is higher than the ratio of local sources to external transport in the same period of 2021, which is about 6:4. The local ozone is the main source of ozone concentration in Shanghai, and controlling local source emissions is the key to controlling ozone concentration in the Shanghai area. When excluding the impact of long-range transport, the main areas contributing to O3 formation from local sources are Baoshan District, Jiading District, Qingpu District, and Chongming District, accounting for approximately 41.12% of the total absolute contribution. Different source regions exhibit significant spatial variations in their contributions to the ozone concentration. Through these studies, we aim to provide scientific support and control suggestions for the precise prevention and control of O3 pollution in Shanghai.

Short-term exposure to various ambient air pollutants and emergency department visits for cause-stable ischemic heart disease: a time-series study in Shanghai, China

Studying the impact of local meteorological conditions and air pollution on cardiovascular disease is crucial for reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. However, there have been few studies on the acute effects of various air pollutants on stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), and the effects of these factors are not well defined and require further investigation. We performed a time-series study aimed at exploring the association between short-term exposure to various air pollutants and emergency department (ED) visits for SIHD during 2013–2020 in Baoshan District Renhe Hospital of Shanghai, China. The associations between air pollution (NO2, PM2.5, PM10, SO2 O3-8 h and CO) and ED visits were analyzed using quasi-Poisson regression. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. From 2013 to 2020, a total of 18,241 ED visits for SIHD were recorded. Elevated PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO were significantly associated with increased ED visits for SIHD at lag (0, 5), lag 0, lag (0-4, 01-03), lag (0-3, 5, 01-03) and lag (3-5). When the concentration of O3-8 h was lower than the threshold recommended by the WHO, exposure to O3-8 h was associated with a slightly decreased risk of SIHD. Moreover, the relationship between different types of air pollution and the frequency of ED visits exhibited variations based on gender, age, and seasonality. This study suggests that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO might induce SIHD, especially in old females. Air pollution control measures should be encouraged to prevent the occurrence and development of SIHD.

A wavelet transform based stationary transformation method for estimating the extreme value of the non-stationary wind speeds

The rational estimation of extreme wind speeds is crucial. As reported, in the Chinese area, the measured wind speed variation from different meteorological observatories shows a general non-stationary trend in the past 40 years due to urbanization factors or temperature variation. Thus, the non-stationary extreme value analysis (TNGEV) of the measured wind speed is required. However, TNGEV is relatively complicated. Under such a background, in this paper, a novel simplified wavelet transform-based stationary transformation method (PNGEV) is proposed for the extreme value analysis of the non-stationary wind speeds. This paper firstly derives the proposed time-varying extreme value distribution parameter form, combining the wavelet transform and moving average. Secondly, a case study is provided to illustrate and verify this proposed method (PNGEV), using the 40-year daily maximum wind speeds recorded from 1981 to 2020 in Baoshan District Shanghai, China. The effectiveness of the proposed method (PNGEV) is verified by comparing it with TNGEV in the return period and the risk of failure. By comparison, it can be figured out that the proposed PNGEV is practicable and outperforms TNGEV in the stability of the return period calculation, as well as the time-varying extreme value distribution establishment.

Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Coagulation Treatment Process of Urban Drinking Water Using Polyaluminium Chloride

Many coagulants such as aluminium sulfate, ferric sulfate, and ferrous sulfate have been investigated in the past, but there is a lack of data on their effectiveness to some specific water quality parameters. This study aimed at investigating the efficiency of the coagulation water treatment process to remove pollutants such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) from urban drinking water. The polyaluminium chloride (PAC) coagulant was applied to determine the impact of the treatment process on the structure and diversity of these pollutants in urban drinking water. All water samples were collected from the Yangtze River, Baoshan district, Shanghai, China, over a period of three months which coincided with the late summer and early winter periods. Specific to different coagulant characterizations, a preliminary test was performed with three other coagulants, namely, aluminium sulfate, polyaluminium, silicate sulfate, and ferric sulfate to determine their optimal conditions for floc characterization and removal efficiencies. In summary, the overall performance of the PAC coagulant was better than that of the other three coagulants used in the pre-treatment of the sampled water. The obtained results revealed that under the optimum operating conditions, the doses of the PAC were as follows: 20, 35, 50, 65, and 80 mgL−1, respectively. The water temperature and pH were determined by using a pH meter, the TOC and TN determined by using a TOC analyzer, and the TSS by following the ASTM D2540 method. Furthermore, the response surface methodology by the Box–Behnken optimization analysis was applied to coagulant dosage, temperature, pH, and three corresponding dependent factors (TSS, TOC, and TN) to determine the best optimal conditions for the PAC performance. To determine whether or not the quadratic model adequately explained and predicted the response during the coagulation process, an analysis of variance was performed. Multiple optimal factors were identified for the urban drinking water treatment, including a pH value of 6.9, water temperature of 20.1 °C, and a coagulant dosage of 9.7 mgL−1.

Study on rust layers of carbon steel, weathering steel and alloy steel exposed to Shanghai atmosphere for three years

The corrosion results of four steels (including carbon steel, weathering steels and alloy steel) exposed to atmospheric environment in Baoshan District of Shanghai for three years were systematically analyzed by means of corrosion weight loss, intelligent digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, confocal microscopy Raman spectrometer, etc. The rust layers on skyward surfaces of corrosion samples were characterized. The results showed that the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel was the highest, and the rust layer exfoliated more. The rust layers of weathering steels and alloy steel exfoliated less, and Cr was enriched in the inner layers, which promoted the formation of compact and protective rust layers, prevented rust exfoliation and oxygen infiltration, contributed to crack restoration, and thus improved atmospheric corrosion resistance.

Modelling the Current and Future Pollutant Emission from Non-Road Machinery: A Case Study in Shanghai

With the effective control of air pollutants from industrial sources and motor vehicles, non-road machinery has become the major pollutant source with a total emission accounting for more than 65% of non-road mobile sources in China. However, few efforts were established in the emission inventory of the non-road machinery, and the current classifications existed inadequacies. Here, the practical classification approaches for estimating and predicting pollutant emissions from non-road machinery are established by using a database in the Baoshan district in Shanghai province (China). The proposed spatial characteristic analysis indicates that high emissions are particularly found in the northwestern part of Luojing Town near the Huangpu River. The total pollutant quantity emitted from in-plant machinery and harbor machinery is higher than other types and accounted for 46.5% and 46.9% of the total emissions of all non-road machinery, respectively. 73.3% of SO2 emission is from in-plant machinery and forklifts can be responsible for this situation (Guo et al., 2020). The prediction suggests that the total emissions of in-plant machinery and agricultural machinery in the medium scenario could decrease by 12.7% and 4.9% in 2025, respectively. For construction machinery, harbor machinery, and other machineries, the total emissions can be predicted to rise by 6.01%, 4.25%, and 7.85%, respectively. The proposed spatial characteristic analysis method and the established classification approaches based on the actual pollution source data may provide guidance for the non-road machinery emissions pollution research investigations in other regions.

Correlation of the Degree of Hydronephrosis and Computed Tomography Value of Calculi with Efficacy of Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Infectious Calculi.

The correlation of the degree of hydronephrosis and computed tomography (CT) value of calculi with the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) in patients with upper urinary tract infectious calculi was explored. The clinical data of 152 patients with upper urinary tract infectious calculi and on URSL in Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital from November 2019 to November 2021 were collected for retrospective analysis. All patients received CT examination before surgery. According to the therapeutic effect of URSL, all patients were divided into the non-calculi group (NCG, n = 101) and residual calculi group (RCG, n = 51), which were compared in terms of the degree of hydronephrosis and CT value of calculi. Then, the correlation of the degree of hydronephrosis and CT value of calculi with the efficacy of URSL in patients was analysed. No significant difference in clinical data was found between the groups (p > 0.05). Patients in the NCG group had lower degree of hydronephrosis than those in the RCG group (p < 0.05), and the NCG had lower CT value of calculi (p < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the degree of hydronephrosis in patients with upper urinary tract infectious calculi was negatively correlated with the efficacy of URSL (r = -0.676, p < 0.001), and the CT value of calculi in such patients was negatively correlated with the efficacy of URSL (r = -0.795, p < 0.001). The degree of hydronephrosis and CT value of calculi were negatively correlated with the efficacy of URSL. Both can be used to predict clinical efficacy and have clinical guiding value for the formulation of treatment plans in patients with urinary tract infectious calculi.

Identifying priority areas for tidal wetland restoration by integrating ecosystem services supply and demand mismatches

Governments and non-governmental organizations have widely recognized tidal wetland restoration as a sustainable instrument to lessen the threat of climate change, which is reflected by the expansion of the spatial scale of coastal restoration projects. However, approaches to large-scale spatial planning of tidal wetland restoration remain sparse. Previous studies on site selection for restoration planning have focused on the potential supply of ecosystem services (ES) or restoration feasibility with less emphasis on the mitigation of the status of regional ES supply and demand mismatches. We developed a five-step workflow based on systematic conservation planning to identify priority areas for tidal wetland restoration and applied it to the coastal reclaimed areas of Shanghai, China. With this workflow, we analyzed the changes in spatial distribution and the potential ecosystem services supply and restoration costs of priority areas between the two different scenarios of ES demand ignored and ES demand considered. Results showed that the potential restorable areas only accounted for 31.4% (425.2 km²) of the original reclaimed area because of other land use demands (e.g., permanent basic farmland conservation). We extracted 50% of the potential restorable areas as priority areas based on Aichi Target 15. Compared with the ES demand-ignored scenario, the ES demand scenario resulted in a substantial increase in the priority areas of Baoshan District (~177%) and Pudong New Area (~15%) and a small decrease in Chongming District (~4%). No significant change in the potential ES supply for all priority areas was observed between the two scenarios. However, the total restoration cost of the ES demand scenario is 10% higher than that of the ES demand-ignored scenario. Our study highlights the importance of considering the status of regional ES supply and demand (mis)matches in large-scale spatial planning for tidal wetland restoration.

GEOSCENE MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR URBAN FUNCTIONAL ZONES

Abstract. Urban functional zones are basic units for human socio-economic activities in cities. Urban functional zones play an important role in a wide range of urban studies, as they are fundamental to urban planning and management, urban resource allocation, as well as urban sustainable development evaluation. However, existing studies of urban functional zone modeling and mapping mainly employ state-of-the-art image segmentation and deep learning classification methods in computer science field to delineate and recognize urban functional zones, but ignore their heterogeneity, integration, multi-scale, and locality characteristics, so that the accuracy of urban functional zone modeling, mapping, and analysis is limited and interpretable, thus cannot comprehensively meet the requirements of downstream applications. This study, however, proposes a geoscene modeling and analysis framework for extracting urban functional zones, which first delineates urban functional zones by multiscale geoscene segmentation, then characterizes them by hierarchical semantic cognition, and finally recognizes their functional categories by linear Dirichlet mixture model. Although this paper does not present the detailed implementations of the geoscene modeling of urban functional zones, it illustrates the importance and the generally strategy of geoscene modeling in urban functional zone mapping and analysis. Additionally, urban functional zone mapping results of Baoshan District, Shanghai, in 2015 and 2020 are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed geoscene modeling strategy.

Erratum: China’s Contributions to the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

China Quarterly of International Strategic StudiesOnline Ready Open AccessErratum: China’s Contributions to the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankindis erratum ofChina’s Contributions to the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for MankindJiang ShixueJiang Shixue333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, Chinahttps://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740022920014Cited by:0 Next AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail [China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2022) 2150015, DOI: 10.1142/S2377740021500159] FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesChina’s Contributions to the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind22 Jun 2022China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies Recommended Online Ready Metrics History InformationThis is an Open Access article, copyright owned by the SIIS and WCPC. The article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited and is used for non-commercial purposes.PDF download

China’s ecosystem services planning: will Shanghai lead the way? A case study from the Baoshan district (Shanghai)

Ecosystem services (ES) are a fundamental component of well-being and sustainable urban development with tremendous potential to enhance urban planning. Recently, several studies have evaluated the environmental performance of urban plans using the ES approach. To strengthen this science-policy integration, it is still necessary to perform ES assessments within the urban planning practice as well as to collect empirical evidence on the impacts of envisioned planning measures on the supply of ES in urban environments across the world. In this research, we analyzed the state-of-the-art of China’s new environmental governance, which aims to change China’s land use policy and particularly the role of Green Infrastructure (GI) regarding urban planning and ES. We focused on the Shanghai Baoshan district Master Plan as a case study, and analyzed it under the lenses of the supply of ES using the matrix approach. We ascertained the supply of ES as delineated in the ecological network plan for 2035, and developed an evaluation framework based on CICES v5.1 and two expert workshops. Our approach used an integrated preliminary ES-assessment, and evaluated the consequences for the supply of ES in Baoshan district, which is adaptable to varying urban geographies. The results of our assessment show that, if realized as planned, the district will increase the overall supply of ES, especially regulating and cultural services, that play an important role within GI on the urban level. In general, the land use plans should include fine-grained information within building blocks to allow for even better assessing of the spatial structure of the supply of ES

The distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Shanghai, China: a time-spatial study

BackgroundShanghai, as a pilot city of China to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis C, its strategy of allocating medical resources is a pressing problem to be solved. This study aims to infer the time-spatial clustering patterns of HCV-infected cases, and grasp the dynamic genotype distribution of HCV, thereby inform elimination strategies of HCV with efficacy and efficiency.MethodsReported HCV cases including their demographic information in Shanghai city from 2005 to 2018 were released from the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information System, population data at community scale, geographical layers of hospitals, communities and districts were gathered from former research. Blood samples of HCV-infected individuals were collected during 2014–2018 from 24 sentinel hospitals, HCV-antibody test, qualitative nucleic acid test and NS5B/5’UTR gene amplification were performed accordingly to determine the genotypes of the specimen. Furthermore, global and local spatial self-correlation analysis of both acute and chronic HCV infections were conducted at community scale year by year, then time-spatial clusters of acute and chronic HCV infections and HCV genotype distribution of specimen collected from sentinel hospitals by districts were mapped by using Arcmap10.1.ResultsA total of 2631 acute HCV cases and 15,063 chronic HCV cases were reported in Shanghai from 2005 to 2018, with a peak in 2010 and 2017, respectively. The mean age of chronic HCV patients was 49.70 ± 14.55 years, 3.34 ± 0.32 years older than the acute (t = 10.55, P-value < 0.01). The spatial distribution of acute HCV infection formed one primary cluster (Relative Risk = 2.71), and the chronic formed one primary cluster and three secondary clusters with Relative Risk ranged from 1.94 to 14.42, meanwhile, an overlap of 34 communities between acute and chronic HCV clusters were found with time period spans varied from 6 to 12 years. Genotype 1 (N = 257, 49.71%) was the most prevalent HCV genotype in Shanghai, genotype 3 infections have increased in recent years. Baoshan district presented cluster of acute HCV and the highest proportion of genotype 2, Pudong new area was the cluster of chronic HCV and occupied the highest proportion of genotype 3.ConclusionsDespite the low prevalence of HCV infection, it is still needed to push forward the elimination process in Shanghai, as there is a certain amount of HCV infected people waiting to be treated. The time-spatial clustering patterns and the dynamic of HCV genotype distribution together indicated a changing constitution of different transmission routes of HCV infection, thus, a focused strategy may be needed for high-risk population related to genotype 3 infection like drug users, in addition to an enforcement of the existing measures of preventing the iatrogenic and hematogenic transmission of HCV.

WITHDRAWN: The impact of industry cluster and environmental policies on residents' health risk evaluation using big data.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Genetic susceptibility, family history of diabetes and healthy lifestyle factors in relation to diabetes: A gene-environment interaction analysis in Chinese adults.

Aims/IntroductionTo analyze the associations and interactions of the genetic susceptibility and family history of diabetes with lifestyle factors in relation to diabetes among Chinese adults.Materials and MethodsWe constructed a genetic risk score of 34 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 11,596 participants from Songnan and Youyi communities, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. We determined a healthy lifestyle by a normal body mass index (<24 kg/m2), adequate fruit and vegetable intake (≥4.5 cups/day), never smoked or quit smoking >1 year prior, sufficient physical activity (≥600 metabolic equivalent minutes per week), and a sleep duration of ≥6 to ≤8 h/day. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations and interactions between heritability and lifestyle on diabetes.ResultsA healthier lifestyle was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes within any heritable risk groups categorized by the genetic risk score and family history of diabetes. In the combined communities, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for diabetes associated with each additional healthy lifestyle factor was 0.83 (0.77–0.89) among participants with a low genetic risk score and 0.86 (0.81–0.91) among participants with a high genetic risk score (P interaction = 0.66). Similar interaction patterns of family history (P interaction = 0.15) and the combination of family history and the genetic risk score with healthy lifestyle (P interaction = 0.55) on diabetes were observed.ConclusionsA healthier lifestyle was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of diabetes regardless of heritable risk groups, highlighting the importance of adhering to a healthy lifestyle for diabetes prevention among the entire population.

Hourly measurement of PM2.5-bound nonpolar organic compounds in Shanghai: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-bound nonpolar organic compounds (NPOCs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkanes, are commonly used as typical molecular markers for detailed source identification. Online thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TAG) system can obtain ambient data with hourly resolution, which is of great importance for investigating the diurnal characteristics and refined source identification of NPOCs. From June to October 2020, hourly ambient aerosol samples were collected and analyzed to investigate the characteristics and sources of 14 PAHs and 15 alkanes (C21-C35) in PM2.5 using TAG at a suburban site of Baoshan district in Shanghai, China. The average concentration of summed PAHs and alkanes during the sampling period was 1.27 ± 1.4 ng/m3 and 8.87 ± 3.46 ng/m3, respectively, in which Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) and Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP) are the dominant PAHs species, with n-Heptacosane (C27), n-Nonacosane (C29) and n-Hentriacontane (C31) being the most abundant n-alkane species. Carbon preference index (CPI) and carbon maximum (Cmax) number indicated that the sources of alkanes shifted from biogenic-oriented (such as plant wax) in the summer to anthropogenic-dominated (such as fossil fuels) in the autumn. Results from trajectory cluster analysis and potential source contribution function (PSCF) modeling showed that alkanes were mainly from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain including Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces, while PAHs were mainly from northeastern China. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model results indicated that gasoline (41.48%) and diesel (21.82%) were the two major sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs in summer and fall of 2020 in Shanghai, followed by coal consumption or catering (19.96%) and biomass burning (16.74%). Diurnal variation of PAHs sources resolved by PMF showed characteristic features consistent with the corresponding anthropogenic activities. For example, gasoline vehicle exhaust showed higher concentrations during traffic rush hours; while coal consumption or catering presented higher concentrations during lunch times from 10:00 to 12:00. In addition, the TAG data coupling with PMF also can be capable for source appointment of short-duration episodes. Health risk assessment showed that adult women were at greater lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) than people in other age groups, and people may subject to higher health risks at morning and night time. This work demonstrates that hourly NPOCs measured by TAG are uniquely specific on refined source identification and investigation into the characteristics of diurnal variations.

Study on spatial agglomeration degree of land use in Shanghai

Spatial agglomeration of land use is the basic factor leading to the formation and continuous expansion of cities, which provides effective support for regional coordinated and sustainable development. In this paper, the status of land use in Baoshan District of Shanghai during the second and third national land survey is used to analyze the location entropy and spatial hotspot, and the change of spatial agglomeration is explored through comparison. The results show that during the period from the second to the third national land survey, the farmland in Baoshan District is scattered, the residential land is concentrated in a small scope, and the industrial land stock is large. According to the characteristics of different land use, relevant policy suggestions are put forward.

Prevalence of and related risk factors in oral mucosa diseases among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China.

BackgroundOral mucosal diseases (OMDs) encompass a variety of different types of diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors of OMDs among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.MethodsA sample of 653 residents aged 17 to 92 years from the Baoshan community was investigated in 2014. Each resident was surveyed by questionnaire to evaluate their oral mucosa and oral mucosa examinations were conducted. We followed up with 607 residents in 2018. All data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software package (Chicago, IL, USA) at the general population, gender and age levels. A X2 test was used to compare rates of risk factors and logistic regression analysis was used to detect the correlation between disease and risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence rate of OMDs was found to be 9.19%–9.56% (2014–2018). The most common OMDs were atrophic glossitis (1.84%), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU, 1.68%), burning mouth syndrome (BMS, 1.38%), oral lichen planus (OLP, 1.23%) and traumatic ulcers (1.23%). The prevalence of RAU and BMS in different age groups was significantly different. Tobacco and alcohol use and psychological factors in the OMDs group were higher than the no-OMDs group. Systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly relevant to OLP.ConclusionAge, tobacco and alcohol use, and psychological factor correlated strongly with the occurrence and development of OMDs, and they should be the focus of primary prevention. General epidemiological studies suggested that OLP was closely related to DM.