Banana Tissue Research Articles

Application of lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus plantarum to develop dried functional apple and banana.

The goal of this research was to create dried fruits loaded with probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum). In separate bottles for each probiotic microbe, apple and banana pieces have been submerged into the impermeability solution with gentle shaking. The vacuum pressure was applied. By the conclusion of the incubation time, L. casei and L. plantarum colonies were enumerated (CFU/g). The scanning electron microscope method was applied to confirm the penetration of impregnation solutions into the intercellular spaces of fruit tissue. On day 28, the population of L. plantarum was 5 log CFU/g for apples and 5.5 log CFU/g for bananas. After storage, the number of L. casei in apples was 5 log CFU/g and 5.5 log CFU/g, respectively. L. casei was found on the surface of apple and banana tissue. After one-week, whole phenolic content of probiotic-enriched bananas and apples augmented. After storage, the antioxidant activity of all samples decreased greatly. The sensory qualities of the samples were excellent throughout storage in terms of color, quality, scent, sensitivity, chewiness, and general adequacy. As a result, dried apples and bananas infused with L. plantarum and L. casei might be a novel probiotic meal. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Dried apples and bananas infused with L. plantarum and L. casei are novel probiotic meal. After one-week, whole phenolic content of probiotic-enriched bananas and apples augmented. The sensory qualities of the samples were excellent throughout storage in terms of color, quality, scent, sensitivity, chewiness, and general adequacy.

The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania

In seedling technology, Banana seedlings are undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced innovation, referred to as tissue culture banana seedling. The study delves into the science of seedling technology and innovation adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between tissue culture innovation and farmer adoption. The study adopted a positivism philosophy, cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using the Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The result indicates that the highest mean was for the statement banana tissue culture seedling grow faster compared to local sucker (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture banana seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional seedling suckers practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers' adoption will lead to economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.

The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania

In the seedling’s technology, Banana farming is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, referred to as tissue culture banana seedlings. The study delves into the empires of seedling technology and innovations adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between Tissue culture innovation, and the farmer's adoption. The study adopted positivism philosophy, a cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The results indicate that, the highest mean was for the statement “Banana tissue culture seedlings grow faster compared to local suckers” (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional suckers’ practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers adoption will leads to the economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.

Effect of different media on primary hardening of banana tissue culture plants in greenhouse conditions

Effect of different media on primary hardening of banana tissue culture plants in greenhouse conditions

Assessing the Advantages of Tissue Culture Bananas Technology Production of Banana Farmers in Kisii County, Kenya

Over the years, governments from all over the world have attempted to attain food security, albeit with varying degrees of success. To feed the expanding population, agriculture has significantly increased in intensity. One of the technologies employed is banana tissue culture. Most research studies indicate that small-scale farmers in Kisii County have not adopted this technology at high rates, despite efforts to spread its use among them. The objective of the study was to examine the how advantages of tissue culture banana adoption influence the use of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County. The study adopted a descriptive study approach. A simple random sampling procedure was used to choose the respondents. Survey forms, interview schedules, and observation checklists were used in the data collection process. A five-Likert scale study was employed to gather farmers' advantages of Tissue Culture bananas. The associations between tissue culture banana adoption and advantages were displayed using mean comparison procedures. Non-adopters’ inadequacy of awareness of advantages about adopting bananas from tissue culture was proven to have a major impact on the practice. Compared to adopters, whose average mean was determined to be 1.28, non-adopters' average mean was 2.494. Comparing adopters of tissue culture banana technology to non-adopters in Kisii County, this suggests that the former had a better grasp of the advantages in tissue culture banana production. Consequently, there is a need to raise farmers' understanding of the general challenges surrounding technology in the area in order to improve on the technology adoption.

Infrared Laser-Based Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Banana (Musa spp.) Tissue—New Method for Detection and Spatial Localization of Metabolites in Food

In this study, for the first time, we present the application of an infrared (IR) laser ablation-remote-electrospray ionization (LARESI) platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode for targeted metabolite imaging in intact plant tissues. We examined the distribution of specific metabolites in two banana varieties: Red Dacca and Cavendish. To support MSI results, an extensive analysis of banana tissue extracts was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHRMS). In the Cavendish banana, 12 metabolites were successfully identified, while Red Dacca bananas were found to contain 16 amino acids. The spatial distribution of some of these compounds found in bananas was presented for the first time. This approach eliminates the need for high vacuum conditions and the pretreatment of biological materials, making it an efficient and promising tool for studying metabolites in plant tissues.

Socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County, Kenya

Many nations have worked hard over the years to provide food security for there entire country, albeit with various degrees of success. The intensification of agriculture has been significant in order to feed the growing population. The banana tissue culture technology is one of the technologies used to aid the process of agricultural intensification. Due to its long history of food production, including the cultivation of bananas, the Kisii region is a significant contributor to Kenya's food security. However, because of issues brought on by social and economic considerations, the region's food output has been declining. Despite efforts to distribute this technology to small-scale farmers, majority of research studies in Kisii County show poor rates of technology adoption. The objective of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors affecting implementing tissue culture bananas in Kisii County. The research used a descriptive study design. Two hundred respondents were chosen at random from the sample to participate in the study. Survey forms, interview schedules, and observation checklists were used for data collection. The means between adoption categories were declared at p < 0.05 in t-tests between tissue culture banana adoption and numerical factors. Chi-square tests were performed between adoption and categorical factors, and p < 0.05 was used to determine whether there were significant connections between the variables. The study adopted a logistic regression model with maximum likelihood estimation to calculate the likelihood that farmers will adopt tissue culture bananas as impacted by various socioeconomic factors. Results showed that the availability of extension services (p = 0.000), cost of seedlings (p = 0.000, x2=79.1), ability to purchase land (p = 0.006, x2=16.3), access to financing (p = 0.007, x2=7.468), education level (p = 0.015), ability to afford seedlings (p = 0.000, x2=17.6), labour availability (p = 0.005, x2=10.735), availability of farm inputs (p = 0.000, x2=35.9) and the size of household (p = 0.05, Std=1.8) were significant to tissue culture banana adoption. Socio-economic factors ought to be taken into account in order to assist a number of stakeholders in boosting banana output and enhancing food security.

The Efficiency of Fungicides on Fungal Growth Inhibition in Cultured Tissues of Banana (Musa acominata), and Their Effect on Tissues Traits

The goal of this study was to identify fungicides with a broad-spectrum effectiveness and their capacity to inhibit fungal contaminants in banana tissue cultures. Numerous fungi were isolated from tissues of banana cultures of the Grand 9 variety. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, and Penicillium sp. were among the contaminated fungi isolated. These fungi were inhibited successfully using the fungicides Beltanol, Agrisave, and Zoxis. Hoever, Beltanol was outperformed compared with Agrisave and Zoxis fungicides, with an inhibition rate of 100% for concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ml/l. Thus, the addition of Beltanol fungicide to the banana culture medium had a positive influence on the fresh and dry weight of the tissues, with the average fresh weight increasing to 2.93 g compared with 2.4 g in the control treatment. Also, the dry weight was increased from to 0.21 g while it was 0.17 g in the control treatment. Additionally, the results demonstrated the enzymatic effectiveness (cellulase enzyme) of isolated fungi without treatment, that showed high effectiveness in P. digitatum fungus with an activity rate reached 2.33 mm. In contrast, C. oxysporum and P. expansum fungi displayed moderate efficiency with activity rates that reached 1.5 and 1.41 mm respectively. On the other hand, A. flavus and A. niger fungi exhibited low efficacy with activity rates of 1.25 and 1.12 mm respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that P. expansum fungus had a high enzymatic effectiveness index with a rate of 1.85 mm, while C. oxysporum, P. digitatum, and A. flavus fungi had moderate enzymatic effectiveness with rates of 1.46, 1.34, and 1.26, respectively. A. niger fungus had the lowest enzymatic effectiveness with a rate of 1.23. The enzymatic secretion of the isolated fungi was inhibited efficiently via addition of the fungicide Beltanol to these fungi.

Musa acuminata as electroporation model

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and Irreversible electroporation (IRE) are cancer treatments based on electric field distribution in tissues. Solanum tuberosum (potato tissue) phantom is known to mimic changes in the electrical conductivity that occur in animal tissues during electroporation (EP). Electric field distribution is assessed through enzymatic staining. However, the 24-h wait for this assessment could slow agile response scenarios. We developed and validated the Musa acuminata (cavendish banana) conductivity model, which quickly evaluates EP by tissue staining. We investigated the frequency response of the tissue using impedance spectroscopy analysis, conductivity changes, and enzymatic staining. We optimized three usual EP models: adapted Gompertz, smoothed Heaviside, and the sigmoid or logistic function. We found dielectric parameters in banana tissue similar to those in potato (electrical conductivity of 0.035 S/m and relative permittivity of 4.1×104). The coefficients of determination R2 were 99.94% (Gompertz), 99.85% (Heaviside), and 99.58% (sigmoid). The sigmoid and Heaviside functions described the calibration and validation electric currents with 95% confidence. We observed the electroporated areas in bananas 3h30m after EP. Staining was significant after 450 V/cm. The conductivity model of Musa acuminata suits treatment planning, hardware development, and training scenarios. Banana phantom supports the 3Rs practice and is a reliable alternative for potato in EP studies.

The use of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs along with sterilizing agents for managing contamination in banana tissue culture

The use of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs along with sterilizing agents for managing contamination in banana tissue culture

Effect of Different Levels of Calcium &amp; Magnesium on Production and Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine

The present experiment was conducted out during the 2022-2023 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science Prayagraj. The banana tissue culture cv. Grand Naine G-9 (Cavendish Subgroup, AAA) was brought from government tissues culture, unit Lucknow. Tissue culture plants were left in shade nets condition for 2 weeks due to transportation and environmental stress. Light and frequent irrigation with watering can was done accordingly with respect to moisture levels in the soil. The field experiment was set up in RBD with 9 treatments and three replications. The different levels of Magnesium viz., (75g and 150g /plant) and Calcium viz., (150g and 300 g/plant).Based on the findings of the experiment, it is concluded that RDN + Calcium (150g /plant) showed the highest plant height (3.29 m), plant girth (72.14 cm), number of leaves/plant (27.11), number of sucker at harvest (9.13), leaf area (10.19 m2), length of inflorescence (122.62 cm), days taken to flowering (281.77), days to taken fruit harvest (83.12), bunch weight (27.28 kg), no. of hands/bunch (10.80), No. of finger per hand (17.33),total number finger of bunch (187.31), finger weight (136.33 g), finger length (22.87 cm), finger girth (15.20 cm), fruit yield per plant (25.52 kg), TSS (23.48 °Brix), Vitamin C (13.48 mg/100g), carbohydrates (25.44 g/100g), calcium (10.38 mg/100g) and magnesium (40.38 mg/100g).

Bio-priming of banana tissue culture plantlets with endophytic Bacillus velezensis EB1 to improve Fusarium wilt resistance.

Tissue culture techniques have been routinely used for banana propagation and offered rapid production of planting materials with favorable genotypes and free of pathogenic microorganisms in the banana industry. Meanwhile, extensive scientific work suggests that micropropagated plantlets are more susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the deadly strain that causes Fusarium wilt of bananas than conventional planting material due to the loss of indigenous endophytes. In this study, an endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis EB1 was isolated and characterized. EB1 shows remarkable in vitro antagonistic activity against Foc with an inhibition rate of 75.43% and induces significant morphological and ultrastructural changes and alterations in the hyphae of Foc. Colony-forming unit (c.f.u.) counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that EB1 could colonize both the surface and inner tissues of banana tissue culture plantlets. Banana tissue culture plantlets of late rooting stage bioprimed with EB1 could efficiently ward off the invasive of Foc. The bio-priming effect could maintain in the acclimatized banana plants and significantly decrease the disease severity of Fusarium wilt and induce strong disease resistance by manipulating plant defense signaling pathways in a pot experiment. Our results provide the adaptability and potential of native endophyte EB1 in protecting plants from pathogens and infer that banana tissue culture plantlets bio-priming with endophytic microbiota could be a promising biological solution in the fight against the Fusarium wilt of banana.

Assessment of root-specific promoters in banana and tobacco and identification of a banana TIP2 promoter with strong root activity.

Genetic modification is one possible strategy to generate bananas (Musa spp.) with resistance to the soil-borne pathogen causing Fusarium wilt. The availability of banana root-specific promoters to target transgene expression to the sites of infection would be beneficial. We have assessed 18 promoter sequences derived from a range of plant species for their expression profiles in banana tissues to identify those with root-specific activity. Promoter sequences were isolated and fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to assess their expression levels and tissue specificity in both banana and the model plant tobacco. Two heterologous promoters conferring high root expression levels in banana were identified, including a β‐glucosidase 1 (GLU1) promoter from maize and the RB7-type tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP)-2 promoter from strawberry. Further, a novel Musa TIP2-2 promoter sequence was isolated and characterized which, when fused to the GUS gene, conferred very high GUS expression levels in banana roots. These promoters will expand the options for the control of gene expression in genetically modified bananas, providing a tool to develop plants with resistance not only to soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt, but also for the improvement of other traits, such as nematode resistance, nutrition or abiotic stress resistance.

Effect of vermicompost on vegetative growth and nutrient status of acclimatized Grand Naine banana plants

Novel approach for introducing vermicompost as an acclimatization soil for banana plants was conducted. Different potting mixture of vermicompost, vermiculite, peatmoss and sand at different ratios were used to study the effect of different agricultural media on vegetative growth and leaf mineral content of banana tissue culture plantlets, after acclimatization stage. Two different trial periods were studied; 12 and 24 weeks in these agricultural media for two seasons. Results indicated that using vermicompost combined with vermiculite and sand (33.3% for each) recorded the best results for the most vegetative growth studied parameters (plant height, plants and roots length, stem diameter, leaf width and shoot and root fresh and dry weight). Moreover, vermicompost at 50% + peat moss at 50% significantly increased total chlorophyll content in banana plants. Furthermore, N, P and K plant analysis has shown that vermicompost at 75% with peat moss gave the highest mineral content values at the two periods. Addition of vermicompost to the culture media improved in vitro-produced banana plants in greenhouse.

Early detection of abnormality in the micropropagated Lakatan banana plants using methylation-sensitive ISSR

Somaclonal variations in banana tissue culture is not uncommon. In our tissue culture laboratory, the tissue-cultured Lakatan variety exhibited abnormalities (i.e., malformed bunches/ fingers, stunted growth or sterility) that affect the fruit yield. Using a methylation-sensitive inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) approach, the genomic DNA digested with methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme MspI of 274 tissue-cultured Lakatan plants were screened. The ISSR profile of the abnormal samples were identical but different from the normal samples by the absence of 997 bp band in the abnormal samples. The sensitivity of the marker employed in this study is estimated to be 93.4%. We suggest that this abnormality in the tissue-cultured Lakatan is a result of epigenetic changes which could have been induced in the banana tissue culture process. Our study also showed that this abnormality can be transmitted to the next generation through asexual propagation. The methylation-sensitive ISSR method adopted in this study is a promising tool for early detection of such abnormality in the micropropagated Lakatan banana plants.

Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantification of Callose.

The existing methods of callose quantification include epifluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry of aniline blue-stained callose particles, immuno-fluorescence microscopy and indirect assessment of both callose synthase and β-(1,3)-glucanase enzyme activities. Some of these methods are laborious, time consuming, not callose-specific, biased and require high technical skills. Here, we describe a method of callose quantification based on Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (S-ELISA). Tissue culture-derived banana plantlets were inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) bacteria as a biotic stress factor inducing callose production. Banana leaf, pseudostem and corm tissue samples were collected at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) for callose quantification. Callose levels were significantly different in banana tissues of Xcm-inoculated and control groups except in the pseudostems of both banana genotypes. The method described here could be applied for the quantification of callose in different plant species with satisfactory level of specificity to callose, and reproducibility. Additionally, the use of 96-well plate makes this method suitable for high throughput callose quantification studies with minimal sampling and analysis biases. We provide step-by-step detailed descriptions of the method.

Comparing the structural characteristics and expression of GA2ox gene in dwarf banana and its wild type

It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of banana dwarfing mutation in order to improve the high stem character of banana varieties and breed the new excellent dwarf lines. To elucidate the molecular-level regulation of banana dwarf mutations and identify the relevant genes, the complete cDNA sequence of the gibberellin 2-oxidase gene (GA2ox) in the dwarf banana and its wild type was cloned by RT-PCR and the encoded amino acid sequences bioinformatically was analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression levels of banana GA2ox gene in different tissues of dwarfed banana and its wild type were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Between the GA2ox gene sequences of the dwarf banana and its wildtype, there were 5 base pairs of variation, leading to the predicted GA2ox proteins having different molecular weights, isoelectric points, fat indices, total numbers of positive and negative charges, and hydrophilicity. In addition, the expression of GA2ox in the leaves, stalks, and fruits of dwarf banana plants was higher than that in the wild type in the early and middle stages of banana development. The results showed that the GA2ox gene may have important regulatory effects on banana stem dwarfing, the knowledge of which can help our understanding and manipulation of this important plant.

Rhizobacterial Culture Supernatant As A Promising Strategy For Banana Tissue Culture Improvement

Rhizobacterial Culture Supernatant As A Promising Strategy For Banana Tissue Culture Improvement

Effectiveness of K2siO3 on growth and physio-biochemical changes of banana seedlings grown under tropical climate as influenced by application frequency

Slow growth rate of tissue-cultured banana seedling’s performance and high post-transplanting mortality rate are commonly due to low rate mineral content in the soil, climate change and soil-borne disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on growth, physio-biochemical changes on Berangan banana seedlings grown under tropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted under a rain shelter and all treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design. The plants were soil drenched with K2SiO3 at constant 0.0901 M by 25 mL/plant after two weeks of transplanting with different frequencies application: 0-day interval (DI) served as control, 7 DI (12×), 15 DI (6×) and 30 DI (3×) throughout three months experimental period. Results showed that K2SiO3 (13% SiO2, 20% K2O) applied on healthy banana seedlings at 15 days interval significantly improved morphological growth trait (plant height, pseudo-stem diameter size, total leaf area, root length, and dry matter biomass) and physiological traits characters, but reduced proline and MDA content in plant tissues of banana. Hence, the results confirmed that each banana seedlings that received K2SiO3 at optimum frequency rate (15DI) had successfully enhanced the growth performance with better quality of Berangan banana seedlings at commercial-scale production.

COMBINATION OF BROWNING INHIBITOR SUBSTANCE AND SUCROSE ON THE GROWTH OF MAS KIRANA BANANA PLANLET(Musa acuminata C.) IN VITRO

Mas Kirana Banana (Musa acuminata C.) is one of the most popular tropical fruit plants in the community. The problem of banana tissue culture is browning on the media against phenolic substances that need to be done before the browning inhibitor. This study was conducted to determine the effect of browning inhibitor substance and sucrose on the growth of plantlet banana mas kirana. Research method with RAL (Completely Random Design) two factors + 1 control. The first ingredient consisted of 3 levels, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone 75 g / L, Vitamin C 0,50 ppm, Active Charcoal 1 g / L, while the second factor consisted of 3 levels, sucrose 15 g / L, 20 g / L and 25 g / L Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data with anova and test with DMRT at 5% level. Browning inhibitors Vitamin C results in the number of shoots, wet weight, dry weight and browning level compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone and activated charcoal. The addition of sucrose concentrations of 20 g / L canincrease length of rootKeywords: Banana, tissue culture, browning inhibitor substance, sucrose