Banana Stem Juice Research Articles

Enhancing Concrete Properties with Banana Stem Juice Additive: A Study on Workability and Compressive Strength

Additives are integral components of modern concrete mixing materials. This study aimed to evaluate the workability and compressive strength of concrete incorporating banana stem juice as a natural additive (BSJA). A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the impact of BSJA on concrete properties. Concrete mixtures with a ratio of 1:2:4 were prepared both with and without BSJA. A total of 36 cube specimens were created with varying percentages of banana stem juice, and their compressive strengths were measured. The results indicated that the inclusion of banana stem juice affected the concrete properties. On the 21st day, the compressive strength of the concrete without BSJA was 27.67 N/mm², compared to 29.67 N/mm² for 5% BSJA, 16.33 N/mm² for 10% BSJA, and 8.00 N/mm² for 15% BSJA. The slump values recorded were 15 mm for 0% BSJA, 20 mm for 5% BSJA, 45 mm for 10% BSJA, and 65 mm for 15% BSJA. The average compressive strengths of concrete specimens with 5% BSJA at 14 days (23.3 N/mm²) and 21 days (29.2 N/mm²) were higher than those of specimens without BSJA. Over the 14 and 21-day periods, specimens with BSJA consistently showed higher compressive strengths compared to those without. These results suggest that 5% BSJA enhances the compressive strength properties of concrete.

Effect of anaerobic co-digestion of waste chicken feather with banana stem juice for production of biogas

Effect of anaerobic co-digestion of waste chicken feather with banana stem juice for production of biogas

Pharmacological Properties of Banana Stem: An Updated Review

Musaceae is a perennial tree-like plant that is cultivated all over the world in various tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit, peel, leaves, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inflorescence (flower) of this plant, among other parts, are utilized in traditional medicine to treat several health problems. The banana stem juice has potential biological effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-helminthic, wound-healing, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-urolithic activities. Consequently, it can be said that banana stem juice contains adequate levels of healthy secondary metabolites that are essential for maintaining good health. To find novel approaches for treating and preventing a wide range of medical diseases, more studies into the medicinal potential of banana stem juice can be done. Hence, this review emphasizes Musaceae stem juice's medicinal and nutritional benefits as review.

OPTIMIZATION OF COAGULATION EFFICACY OF BANANA STEM JUICE IN WATER TREATMENT

This work investigates the optimization of coagulation efficacy of banana stem juice as plant natural coagulant in treatment of raw water. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the process using Design Expert Version 10. Factors considered were; coagulant dosage (mg/L), retention time (min), and pH with fifteen experimental runs generated using Box Behnken Design method. The parameters analysed were COD, DO, TSS, TDS and Turbidity. Jar test laboratory scale studies was performed and the result analysed statistically to study the effects of pH, retention time and coagulant dosage on coagulation. The coagulation efficacy was achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage removal of 58.065 % after 60 minutes retention time with dosage of 7.5mL/L. Firstly, before carrying these processes, the raw water sample was characterized to ascertain the initial concentration of the parameters before the jar test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the model and the variables. The model F-value was 12.06 which implies that the model is significant and that there is only a 0.68% chance that such a Model F-value could occur due to interference. Also, values of "Prob > F" were (0.0062) less than 0.0500 indicating that the model terms are significant. It could be concluded that Banana Stem Juice showed tremendous potential as a bio-coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pre-treatment stage prior to secondary treatment.

Improving Biogas Production by Co-digestion of Banana Stem Juice with Agro-Based Material Washings and Digestate Along with Microbial Culture

Biogas production carries a huge scope in India for the efficient utilization of agricultural wastes in an eco-friendly manner. The anaerobic digestion process involves the conversion of different solid and liquid wastes with high organic content to biogas primarily containing methane that is used for heating and electricity generation. India has enormous quantity of cultivable land, and thus substantial agricultural remains are generated here. About 100 metric tons of banana stem is generated per hectare annually as waste after harvesting the banana fruit. Banana stem juice (BSJ) was extracted and explored for its potential in biogas production. The present study is focused on co-digestion of blending BSJ with agro residues washings viz. bagasse washing (BW) and wheat straw washing (WSW) for biomethanation. The effect of adding the Pseudomonas aeruginosa on biogas generation was also studied. The microbial consortia play vital roles in the degradation of organic matters. Methane share in biogas produced during anaerobic fermentation of BSJ was increased from 43 to 61% with the addition of P. aeruginosa due to possible degradation of fatty acids and proteins. The digestion of BSJ using microbial consortia of digestate augmented with P. aeruginosa showed the highest amount of gas (3350 mL/L) containing 79% methane share. The Co-digestion of BSJ with BW and WSW was found to be highly effective and showed the potential to increase the efficiency of the biogas plants of paper mills for methane production. BSJ alone as well as with BW and WSW showed excellent potential for biomethanation.

Utilization of Different Microbes to Enhance the Biogas Production from Banana Stem Juice

AbstractOverexploitation of nonrenewable energy resources and the problems associated with their unfair utilization have demanded for alternative sources of renewable energy. Lignocellulosic wastes...

Utilization of Banana Stem Juice as a Feedstock Material for Bioethanol Production

AbstractBananas are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries and about 220 tons of biomass waste is produced per hectare of banana plantation. Banana pseudostem contains nearly 90% of moisture and about 4–5 m3 sap is generated from one ton of dried stem with high chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The feasibility of using banana sap as a feedstock to produce ethanol is evaluated in this study. Banana sap is obtained by crushing the pseudostems and concentrated ten times and supplementing with other industrial byproducts such as corn steep liquor(CSL), spent wash (SW), and yeast extract (YE) for ethanol production. Acid and alkali hydrolyzes are performed to enhance the sugar levels of the sap before fermentation. Two different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC170 and MTCC180) are used for fermentation. In general, supplementation of banana sap with industrial byproducts significantly enhanced the ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production (2.5 g −1) is observed with concentrated banana sap supplemented with 25% SW (v/v) with MTCC170, which is 16‐fold higher than banana sap alone. Theethanol content is also higher in alkali‐hydrolyzed banana sap supplemented with 25% SW compared to control. These results suggest that banana sap can be used as a renewable source to produce ethanol by supplementing with other industrial byproducts.

Kinetic study on ferulic acid production from banana stem waste via mechanical extraction

Banana is the tropical plants associated with lots of medicinal properties. It has been reported to be a potential source of phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid (FA). FA has excellent antioxidant properties higher than vitamin C and E. FA also have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant activities and anti-microbial activities. This paper presents an experimental and kinetic study on ferulic acid (FA) production from banana stem waste (BSW) via mechanical extraction. The objective of this research is to determine the kinetic parameters in the ferulic acid production. The banana stem waste was randomly collected from the local banana plantation in Felda Lepar Hilir, Pahang. The banana stem juice was mechanically extracted by using sugarcane press machine (KR3176) and further analyzed in high performance liquid chromatography. The differential and integral method was applied to determine the kinetic parameter of the extraction process and the data obtained were fitted into the 0th, 1st and 2nd order of extraction process. Based on the results, the kinetic parameter and R2 value from were 0.05 and 0.93, respectively. It was determined that the 0th kinetic order fitted the reaction processes to best represent the mechanical extraction.

Effectiveness of ambon banana stem juice as immunostimulatory against Aeromonas hydrophila infections in catfish Clarias gariepinus

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Outbreaks of infectious diseases due to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in catfish can cause high death rates (80–100%). Fish disease control can be done using phytopharmaceutical to prevent or treat diseases of fish. One of the phytopharmaceutical that known to prevent the fish diseases is ambon banana stem <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of catfish immersion using banana stem juice as an immunostimulant against bacterial infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The observed parameters were a total performance of production, hematological test, and water quality. Immersion of catfish seeds with stem juice was performed at a concentration of 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, and 21 mL/L for 30 minutes. Each treatment consisted of three replications. A total of 15 fishes were immersed in 1.5 L water. At day-9 after immersion, fish was infected by <em>A. hydrophila</em> bacteria at a dose of 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. The results showed that fish treated with banana stem juice at a concentration of 13 mL/L had the survival rate of 53.33±6.67% which is higher than positive control (33.33±6.67%). Based on hematology observations on the 3rd day post-challenge test (H12) with <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, differential leukocyte, and lysozyme activity was highest in treatment13 mL/L. Lower feed conversion ratio (1.08±0.04) were also obtained in treatment 13 mL/L. Thus Immersion of seeds in stem juice can boost the immune system against infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, ambon banana stem juice, soaking, catfish, immune system</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Wabah penyakit akibat infeksi <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan lele dapat menyebabkan tingkat kematian yang tinggi (80–100%). Penanggulangan penyakit ikan dapat dilakukan menggunakan fitofarmaka untuk mencegah ataupun mengobati penyakit ikan. Salah satu fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit ikan adalah batang pisang ambon lumut <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas perendaman benih ikan lele dengan menggunakan air perasan batang pisang ambon sebagai imunostimulan terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian adalah kinerja produksi, uji hematologi dan pengukuran kualitas air. Perendaman benih ikan lele dengan air perasan dilakukan pada konsentrasi 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, dan 21 mL/L selama 30 menit. Pada hari ke-9 setelah perendaman, ikan diinfeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila </em>pada kepadatan 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman ikan dengan air perasan pada konsentrasi 13 mL/L memiliki kelangsungan hidup yakni sebesar 53,33±6,67%, lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (33,33±6,67%). Berdasarkan pengamatan pada uji hematologi hari ke-3 pascauji tantang (H12) dengan bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total eritrosit, hemoglobin, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, dan aktivitas lisozim tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi 13 mL/L. Rasio konversi pakan yang rendah (1,08±0,04) juga terdapat pada perlakuan 13 mL/L. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih ikan lele pada air perasan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, air perasan batang pisang ambon, perendaman, ikan lele, sistem imun</p>

An efficient, Schiff-base derivative for selective fluorescence sensing of Zn²⁺ ions: quantum chemical calculation appended by real sample application and cell imaging study.

Since zinc ions (Zn(2+)) are involved in numerous biological phenomena and go through subsequent interactions with zinc-binding proteins, we have attempted a sensitive fluorescence based detection of this second most abundant metal ion using an engineered and synthesized Schiff-base ligand, namely 2,4-bis((Z)-2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidine (PyHP). The ligand exhibits a zinc-induced fluorescence response when investigated in a MeOH-buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH = 7) (4 : 1) solvent mixture. The presence of zinc ions (λ(ex) = 410 nm, quantum yield, ϕ = 0.20) causes approximately 45 fold fluorescence enhancement at 489 nm. Formation of the metal-ligand complex was ascertained by (1)H NMR and mass spectra analysis. 1 : 1 binding affinity was ascertained according to Job's plot. Apart from this, theoretical interpretation of the experimental outcome was also obtained by applying density functional theory (DFT) to the PyHP-Zn(2+) complex formation. The practical applicability of the ligand has been tested in bacterial cells as well as in mammalian cell imaging and also by measuring and comparing the amount of Zn(2+) in some real samples such as liquid milk, tomato juice, banana stem juice and commercial fruit juice.

Pyrimidine-based fluorescent zinc sensor: Photo-physical characteristics, quantum chemical interpretation and application in real samples

For high-fidelity selective and sensitive fluorescent detection of zinc ions (Zn2+), a new pyrimidine based Schiff-base ligand PyMD (2,2′-((1Z, 1′Z)-(2,2′-(pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)bis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))diphenol) was designed and synthesized. In 4:1 methanol (MeOH)–water mixture, zinc (Zn2+) binding was found to promote ∼23 fold fluorescence enhancement of PyMD at wavelength 469nm. The limit of detection (LOD) of Zn2+ was calculated to be 6.9×10−7M according to fluorometric titration. The 1:1 binding mode of the metal complex was established by combined UV–vis, fluorescence, NMR and HRMS spectroscopic methods. Photophysical investigations including steady-state and time resolved analysis suggested a mechanism for the fluorescent zinc response that involved a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) pathway. The experimental observations were further confirmed by DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations of the free sensor molecule (i.e., PyMD) and the complex structure (PyMD-Zn2+). Finally, newly synthesized PyMD was applied for detection of free zinc in real samples, e.g., cabbage, banana, banana stem juice and commercial fruit juice. Besides, fluorescence behavior of PyMD-Zn2+ complex was also employed for Escherichia coli bacterial cell imaging study.

A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant‐Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

Ruminal fermentation response and nitrogen retention from sheep fed rumen undegradable protein

The utilization of rumen undegradable protein, could increase supply of amino acids in small intestine to meet host protein requirement. To increase the utilization of feed protein, feed protein source which is highly degradable should be protected from degradation in the rumen. The objective of the study was to increase nitrogen retention through substitution of fish meal protein with soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice observed from rumen fermentation activities. The study used 18 late pregnant Sumatera Composite breed ewes. Rations consisted of fresh chopped elephant grass, supplemented with a commercial concentrate and mineral block in the form of Comin plus and different types of protein supplement as treatment diets. The type of protein supplements were: soya bean meal (RK), soy bean meal protected with banana stem juice (RKT) and fish meal (RTI). Treatment diets were offered during late pregnancy (from two months before to two months after partus), two weeks adaptation period was carried out before data recording. Design of the study used randomized complete block design. Results of the study show that rumen ammonia concentration in sheep fed on RKT was not significantly different either from RTI or from RK, however, the nitrogen retention was significantly (P 0.05), however, proportion of C2 and nC4 was significantly different between diet treatment. Methane emission was higher (70.3 mM or 37.2% higher from total energy VFA) in diet RKT which is indicated that fermentation system was not efficient. It can be concluded the higher rumen ammonia concentration and lower nitrogen retention in protected soy bean meal supplement indicated that soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice in the ration was not able to substitute fish meal protein which is resistance from degradation in the rumen. Key W ords : Sheep, Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Undegradable Protein

Substitution of commercial concentrate with soy bean meal protected by tannin from banana stem juice for lambs

Study was conducted to evaluate the optimal utilization of protected soy bean meal with secondary compound from banana stem juice in ration for sheep and its effect on sheep performance. Soy bean meal was mixed with banana stem juice at ratio 1:1 (w/v) then dried in the oven at temperature 90 o C. This protected soy bean meal was used to substitute commercial concentrate in sheep ration. The experiment used 24 head male lamb Sumatera composite breed. The lambs were grouped into six group based on its body weight and was assigned to one of 4 diets treatment. The sheep was fed on grass basal diet and supplemented with commercial concentrate. Data recorded were feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, average daily gain, feed efficiency and nitrogen utilization. Study was conducted in randomized complete block design and data obtained were analyzed using general linier model from SAS program. Results show that dry matter intake (DMI) significantly (P 0.05) between R10, R20 and R30. The increasing in DMI is followed by the increasing crude protein (CP) from 8.75 (R0) to 10.64; 11.68 and 12.32 g/BB 0.75 respectively for R10; R20 and R30. Commercial concentrate substitution by protected soy bean meal significantly increased DM and CP digestibility at all levels. However, this substitution did not significantly affected organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility. Nitrogen excretion in urine was only increased at this level 30% substitution but nitrogen retention increased at substitution levels 20 and 30%. From this study can be concluded that commercial concentrate substitution with protected soy bean meal in the diet only increased CP consumption and CP digestibility but not average daily gain of lamb. Key Words : Soy Bean Meal, Tannin, Protein, Banana Stem Juice

Effect of mixing banana stem juice and subsequent heating on rumen degradability of soy bean meal

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen degradability of soy bean meal when it was mixed with banana stem juice and was subsequently heated. Banana stem juice was used as source of tanin to protect protein in soy bean meal from degradation in the rumen. The banana stem juice (in volume) was mixed with soy bean meal at three ratio, which were 1 : 1, 1:2 and 1 : 3 (w/v). These mixing was then heated at 60 o C and 90 o C. The heating was done in an oven. Sample from each treatment was then filled into polyester bag with porosity of 45 mm and the size of 5 x 9 cm. The bags were incubated in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was carried out in factorial 3 x 2, with three levels of banana stem juice and 2 levels of heating and was arranged in completely randomized design. Untreated soy bean meal was also incubated used as control. Degradation data of dry matter and crude protein at each incubation time was fitted into exponential equation, P = a + b (1 - e ct ). Results shows that there was a significant interaction factor of stem juice ratio and heating on water soluble substrate (constant A ) where heating at 90 o C with ratio 1 : 2 (w/v) resulted in the highest a. The insoluble but fermentable substrate ( B ) was decreased by the increasing concentration of banana stem juice, while the rate of protein degradation of b fraction was lower compared to control. In conclusion, banana stem juice can reduce the rate of degradation of soy bean meal in the rumen. Key words : Degradation, Crude Protein, Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice

Banana stem juice protected soy bean meal as feed suplement to sheep: In sacco and in vivo

Protein with low resistant of rumen degradability must be protected, which part of its protein could reach post ruminal and able to supply amino acids for ruminant. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best ratio of soy bean meal with banana stem juice as feed supplement protecting protein. Rumen degradability using rumen fistulated sheep were evaluated in saccous at incubation times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The best ratio in the in sacco experiment was used for further in vivo experiment. Fifteen growing lambs with average live weight of 18.6 ± 2.2 kg were grouped according to body weight in trial with a simple randomized design. Three treated rations were R0 = control diet with 0% protected soy bean meal, R50 = diet with 50% protected soy bean meal, and R100 = diet with 100% protected soy bean meal. All diets were iso nitrogen and iso energy (CP 18% and TDN 75%). Diet consisted approximately 30% king grass and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were offered for 12 weeks. The result from in sacco experiment showed that the best ratio between soybean meal and banana stem juice was 2:1 w/v (R2). This mixture had the highest rumen undegradable dry matter and protein. Result from in vivo experiment showed that the intake and digestibility of dry matters, the intake and digestibility of crude protein. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter intakes and digestibilitie of crude protein, pH value, NH 3 -N, total bacteria, purin and total VFA in rumen fluid were not affected by feed supplement. The same average body weight at the beginning of study resulted same body weight at the end of study. The ADG of R50 and R100 (138.1 and 122.2 g) were respectively not different with the control, RO (120.9g). It was concluded that soy bean meal and banana stem juice 2:1 w/v was the best ratio, but as feed supplement with high resistant rumen degradable protein can not produce higher growth rate than the control group. Key Words : Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice, Protected Protein, Degradation