Banana Pseudostem Sap Research Articles

Influence of Organic Nutrient Sources on Nutrient, Quality and Yield Parameters of Vegetable Cluster Bean

Aim: The experiment was taken up to study the influence of various organic nutrient sources on soil nutrient availability and their uptake and also on quality parameters of vegetable cluster bean. Place and Duration of Study: the study was conducted at irrigated wetland farms, TNAU, Coimbatore during the year 2018. Methodology: The RBD (randomized complete block design) design was adopted and replicated thrice. The total number of treatments were 12 with various basal applications of organic manures namely farm yard manure, vermicompost, humic acid, ghanjeevamrutham and also foliar spray combinations namely panchagavya and banana pseudo stem sap. The standard recommended cultural practices of organic farming were followed for all treatments except fertilizer application and synthetic chemical use. Results: The data revealed that soil chemical properties viz., pH, EC and organic carbon were not significantly influenced by various organic nutrient sources. Significantly, higher values of N, P and K availability in soil and their uptake by cluster bean crop and crude protein content, crude fiber, ascorbic acid, moistures percentage in cluster bean pods were recorded with 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer and 2% foliar spray of TNAU pulse wonder. However, organic treatments were on par with inorganic treatments for all the nutrient, quality and yield parameters. Conclusion: Organic treatments like organic farmers practice and FYM along with Panchagavya were recommended to improve nutrient use efficiency and quality of yield, eventually to benefit farmers and complete agricultural ecosystem in terms of profit and sustainability, respectively.

Utilization of non-concentrated banana pseudostem sap waste for converting to bioethanol: In vitro and in silico evidence

The abundantly available waste banana pseudostem fibers have attracted the paper and textile industries, however the stem-sap extracted during fiber processing remains underutilized. Although this sap comprising cellulosic sugars holds potential as a feedstock, its commercial viability in the renewable energy sector remains a challenge. Our study delves into this untapped resource by mechanically extracting sap from banana pseudostems and enhancing its reducing sugar content to approximately 35.5 g/L through acid hydrolysis and detoxification without concentrating the sap. Using separate batch fermentations with pentose and hexose fermenting strains such as Pichia stipitis NCIM 3499 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2601, we achieved bioethanol production efficiencies of 67.5 % and 70.03 %, respectively. Yield and cost analyses confirmed the feasibility of this approach for industrial application in low-economy settings. Furthermore, gene-interaction network and functional enrichment analysis identified 63 key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and ethanol conversion pathways within the fermenting organisms. Among these, the PGK1 gene and its direct interactors emerged as promising targets for future biotechnological enhancements aimed at boosting bioethanol production. This study not only underscores the renewable energy potential of unconcentrated banana pseudostem sap but also paves the way for innovative genetic interventions to optimize bioethanol yields.

Production of Natural Food Colorant with Organic Mordant Solutions and Incorporation into Modern Food Systems

Abstract Colorants are an important exposure that affects the way we feel and judge foods. The food colorant is normally associated with the flavor, safety and nutritional value of the food product. Colorant are obtained from natural plants and minerals. In today’s world, synthetic oxidative food colors are used. It contains a high chemical composition and is derived from petroleum or crude oil. Sunset yellow, carmine, amaranth and azorubine are examples of common synthetic food colors. It leads to some diseases such as asthma, allergy reactions and cancer. Hence, natural food colors were produced from natural plants. The plants contain several pigments, such as betacyanin, anthocyanin and curcumin. The fruit juice of Opuntia ficus-indica, in particularly it contains betacyanin pigments, which can be used as a natural red-purple food colorant. In order to improve the results, we extracted the juice from Opuntia ficus-indica and banana pseudo-stem. Next, we qualitatively analyzed the juice to find out whether flavonoids, triterpenoids, proteins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, tannin, and phenol was present. Opuntia ficus-indica has antioxidant properties, as does banana pseudostem sap, which has antioxidant, antithrombotic and anti-haemolytic properties. Then analyzed physical parameters of color strength were measured (using a UV spectrophotometer) at 450 nm to determine color strength and that the results were good with pH, viscosity, smell and taste. And toxicity analyses of aflatoxin and ochratoxin shows good results. This colorant has been used successfully in two food systems: ice cream and milkshakes. which is preserved after one month in the refrigerator.

Effect of Nutrient Management on Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Bharuch, NAU, (Gujarat) during kharif 2022 to study the effect of nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of cowpea. The experiment was laid out in RBD with factorial concept with three replications. The result revealed that significantly higher plant height, number of nodules/plant, number of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, length of pod, seed and stover yield and quality were recorded with the soil application of 20-40-00 N-P-S kg/ha. It also gave the higher net return and B:C ratio. Significantly higher plant height, number of nodules/plant, number of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, length of pod, seed and stover yield, quality, net return as well as B:C ratio with a foliar application of 1% enriched banana pseudostem sap (Novel) at branching and flowering stage.

EXTRACTION AND UTILIZATION OF BANANA PSEUDOSTEM SAP AS ORGANIC LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER ON ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L)

The high input cost of onion production through the application of chemical fertilizers is a significant concern for small farmers. Every year, Banana harvesting generates a large amount of banana pseudostem waste, which is generally burnt or thrown away despite containing many nutrients after harvest. Utilizing the banana's pseudo-stem sap as liquid fertilizer for increasing onion productivity through sustainable agricultural practices, a greenhouse trial was conducted to determine the optimum banana pseudostem sap (BPS) to be applied by foliar spray. There were five treatments designed in CRD with four replicates. The reduced mineral fertilizer was given to test the impact of the pseuodstem sap on the seedlings. The results indicated that sap application showed a positive and significant effect on all parameters of onion seedlings. The onion plant height increased to 48.96 cm, the number of leaves was 14.50, and the shoot length of 8.67 cm was recorded best. The onion bulb diameter ranged from 3 to 6 cm bulb weight from 54 to 92.75 g comparing the control. The best rate found was 80% RDF, along with 20% BSP in all parameters. It can be concluded that application of 80% RDF + Foliar spray of 20% banana pseudostem sap was found to be the most viable option for getting higher growth and yield in onion. This will reduce 20% chemical fertilizer and about 25% increase in the yield. This will be an eco-friendly practice and sustainable ergonomically, economically and environmentally.

BIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF LOCALLY GROWN BANANA CULTIVARS AND THE CAPABILITY OF THEIR PSEUDOSTEM SAP AS AN ALTERNATIVE ELECTROLYTE FOR WET CELL

This study used the qualitative and quantitative experimental research design to establish the biological profile of the banana cultivars and the capability of their pseudostem sap as an alternative electrolyte for wet cell. Data were gathered by collecting banana sap and placing it in a 12-volt wet cell battery and observed at different time intervals. Mean, ANOVA, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, LSD and pairwise comparison were used to determine significant differences between potential voltage and time interval. Bungulan, Lakatan, and Morado are derived from Musa Acuminata, while the Bulkan, Dippig, and Tordan are from the species of Musa Acuminata x Musa balbisiana. However, each cultivar is a member of a separate group, including the AABB, Cavendish subgroup of the AAA, AA, AAA, ABB, and AAB Group. The pH of the substrate is neutral, while the pH of newly harvested pseudostem sap turns acidic after 4 weeks of storage. The effects of the treatments, time interval, and their interactions produced a highly significant difference. The positive and negative control, and the six cultivars are statistically and significantly different from one another while Bungulan, Morado and Tordan cultivars are statistically the same. Week 1 had the highest voltage recorded and statistically the same mean voltages as in Weeks 2 and 4 with the lowest voltage seen in Week 3.The interaction of the sulfuric acid, distilled water, cultivars, and time interval yielded different voltage and are not statistically comparable. The pseudostem sap of the different banana cultivars contained in a 12-volt wet cell battery can lit the 5, 10 and 15-watts LED bulbs until the fourth week of storage.Using the pairwise comparisons, the treatments are statistically the same with one another. Hence, the banana pseudostem sap can be used as an alternative electrolyte for wet cell.

Foliar application of enriched banana pseudostem sap influences the nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of sweet corn grown in an acidic soil.

Foliar fertilization is a reliable technique for correcting a nutrient deficiency in plants caused by inadequate nutrient supply to the roots in acid soil. Soluble nutrients in banana pseudostem sap might be effective to supplement chemical fertilizers. However, the limited nutrients in sole banana pseudostem sap as foliar fertilization may not meet-up the nutritional demand of the crop. Field trials were, therefore, conducted with the combination of soil-applied fertilizers with foliar spray of banana pseudostem sap to increase nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of sweet corn planted in acidic soil. Three treatments viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RD) as control (T1), 75% of RD applied in soil with foliar application of non-enriched banana pseudostem sap (T2), and 50% RD applied in soil with foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap (T3) were replicated four times. The combination of soil-applied fertilizer with foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap (T3) showed a significant increase in leaf area index (11.3%), photosynthesis (12%), fresh cob yield (39%), and biomass of corn (29%) over control. Besides, the 50% RD of soil fertilization with foliar spray of enriched pseudostem sap increased nutrient uptake in addition to an increase in sugar content, phenolic content, soluble protein, and amino acids of corn. Considering the economic analysis, the highest net income, BCR (3.74) and MBCR (1.25) values confirmed the economic viability of T3 treatment over the T1. The results suggest that foliar spray of enriched banana pseudostem sap can be used as a supplementary source of nutrients to enhance nutrient uptake by corn while increasing yield and minimizing chemical fertilizer use in acid soil.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Foliar Spray on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Linseed

Aims: To evaluate the effect of fertilizer and organic foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of linseed.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was carried out at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari during rabi season of 2019-20.
 Methodology: The study comprised of nine different treatments viz., T1(50% RDF),T2 (50% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS), T3 (50% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS), T4(75% RDF), T5 (75% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS), T6 (75% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS), T7(100% RDF),T8 (100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS) and T9(100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS).
 Results: From the results, it was observed that an application of 100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS (T9) resulted in significantly higher values of plant height (63.37 cm at 90 DAS), number of branches plant-1 (6.94 at 90 DAS), number of capsules plant-1 (51.85), number of seeds capsules-1 (8.95) and seed weight plant-1 (1.89). Significantly higher seed yield (1157 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2051 kg ha-1) of linseed were observed with the application of 100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS (T9).
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that, application of 100% RDF (60-30-00 N- P2O5-K2O kg ha-1) + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap or vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS was found to be the most viable option for getting higher growth and yield in linseed.

Effects of fermented banana pseudo-stem sap (Musa acuminata L.) on the growth and yield attributing characters of marigold variety Karma 555-Orange

The high cost of marigold production through the application of synthetic fertilizers and micronutrients is a major concern for Nepalese farmers. Every year, the nutrient-rich banana pseudo-stems are wasted after harvest. Utilizing the banana’s pseudo-stem for increasing marigold productivity through sustainable agricultural practices, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS) to be applied by foliar spraying to marigold variety (Karma 555 – Orange). The BPS was mixed and enriched with different ingredients, such as cow urine, cow dung, neem leaf, green gram leaf, pulse flour, vermin-liquor, jaggery, and fermented curd. The mixture was incubated under anaerobic conditions before applying the foliar spray. The study was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replications and seven treatments. The treatments were 0.5 % BPS, 1 % BPS, 2 % BPS, 3 % BPS, 4 % BPS, 5 % BPS, and the control. Data were recorded at 50, 70, and 90 days after transplantation (DAT). Among the treatments, the 3 % BPS solution showed significant effects on most of the growth parameters: plant height (85.07 cm), plant spread (63.47 cm) at 5% level at 90 DAT, and yield attributes such as the number of flowers per plant (74.00) at 5% level, individual flower weight (8.10 g), individual flower diameter (7.55 cm), and flower yield (597.25 g plant-1) at 1% level of significance respectively. It was found that growth and yield attributes increased with increasing concentrations of BPS up to 3 % and decreased thereafter. According to the results, foliar spray of marigold with 3 % BPS (enriched solution) resulted in the highest yield and yield components of marigold in the Chitwan area which could be an effective alternative to synthetic hormones for enhancing the growth and quality of marigolds under field conditions.

Standardization of Blended Squash using Banana Pseudostem Sap with Mango, Papaya and Aloe Vera

Standardization of Blended Squash using Banana Pseudostem Sap with Mango, Papaya and Aloe Vera

Development of a novel method for multiple phytohormone analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS from bio-enriched organic fertilizer prepared using banana pseudostem sap waste.

Banana harvesting generates a large amount of banana pseudostem waste, which is generally burnt or thrown away, despite containing many nutrients. Bio-enriched organic fertilizer (BOF) was prepared from banana pseudostem sap (BPS), and it has been patented (Patent No. WO 2013/001478 Al). Several reports revealed that its application increases plant growth promotion of various horticulture crops. Apart from macro- and micronutrients, it also contained phytohormones. Hence, the present study aims to detect and quantify phytohormone in it. A novel method was developed to extract four phytohormones, viz., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and salicylic acid (SA) using single solvent from BPS and BOF. Extracted hormones were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS). BOF showed a higher concentration of IAA, IBA, GA3, and SA than BPS. Thus, this is the first time a method has been reported to extract and detect phytohormones from banana pseudostem sap.

Influence of organic nutrient sources on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

To validate the effect of organic manures on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) a field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during December 2021- June 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments include basal application of organic inputs viz. FYM (25 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1), Humic acid (25 kg ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1) + Jeevamrutha (500 l ha-1) along with standard check (recommended dose of NPK fertilizers with micronutrient spray). Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) and banana pseudostem sap (2%) at 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting was done in all the treatments as separate sets. Growth and yield parameters were observed in randomly selected 5 plants from each treatment plot. Application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers + Panchagavya @ 3% foliar spary (T11) recorded highest plant height (34.33 cm, 55.33 cm, 61.00 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.53, 9.50, 11.00) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (59.33, 80.00, 76.33) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (8.41cm), fruit weight (3.82 g), number of fruit plant-1 (158.8) and yield plant‑1 (511.3 g) than all other approaches. Followed by organic treatment viz. application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Panchagavya @ 3% FS (T1) recorded highest plant height (27.67 cm, 46.67 cm, 51.50 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.53, 7.10, 8.97) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (49.00, 71.27, 65.60) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (7.66 cm), fruit weight (3.50 g), number of fruit plant-1 (133.0) and yield plant‑1(419.9 g plant-1) than control (T13). Hence these organic strategies can be adopted in organic chilli cultivation.

Influence of Organic Nutrient Sources on Yield and Economics of Vegetable Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Variety – MDU1

Cluster bean is one of the important industrial legume crop, favoured semi-arid and arid farmers by its drought tolerance and nitrogen fixation capacity. A investigation was carried out to study the impact of various organic nutrient sources on the yield and economics of the vegetable cluster bean. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications at wetland farms, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during Kharif season, 2018. The yield parameters were recorded after each picking from five tagged plants and averaged for statistical analysis. The yield of vegetable cluster bean from the net plot area at each picking was noted. The harvest index, gross returns, net returns and the benefit-cost ratio was calculated for each of the treatment. Significantly higher pod length, pod weight, yield, harvest index and gross returns (11.6 cm, 2.4 g, 11084 kg/ha, 2.4, Rs. 1,66,254/ha, respectively) were recorded under recommended dose of fertilizer (50:50:40-N:P:K) in addition to the foliar spray of TNAU pulse wonder. However, all these parameters were statistically on par with treatments such as organic farmer’s practice and 25 t/ha of Farm yard manure (FYM) along with a foliar spray of 3% Panchagavya. But economics net returns and benefit-cost ratio were higher with humic acid @ 6 l/ha along with banana pseudostem sap @ 2% followed by Humic acid @ 6 l/ha along with Panchagavya @ 3% and organic farmers practice. Considering the safer environment, human health and economic feasibility the farmer’s practice of applying FYM @ 10 t/ha in addition with Jeevamruth @ 500l/ha and foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 3% is found to provide higher yields and profits in vegetable cluster bean.

Quality and economics of fenugreek as influenced by effect of foliar application of panchagavya and banana pseudostem sap

A field experiment on “Effect of foliar application of panchagavya and banana pseudostem sap on growth and seed yield of fenugreek” was carried out at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi 2020-21. The results revealed that significant improvement in seed yield, straw yield, protein content, highest gross realization (₹64,746/ha) and net realization (₹34,259/ha) was noted with an application of treatment T4 (Panchagavya @ 4% spray at pre flowering + pod setting stage) over other treatments but which remained at par with treatment T10 with respect to seed yield, straw yield, protein content and gross realization ₹62,748 and T3 (Panchagavya @ 4% spray at pod setting) for net realization (₹32,863). The highest value of benefit: cost ratio (2.14) was accrued with treatment T3 closely followed by treatment T4 with BCR of 2.12.

Banana-pseudostem sap growing media as a novel source of phytochemicals and mineral nutrients: Influence on seedling growth of sweet corn

Banana-pseudostem sap growing media as a novel source of phytochemicals and mineral nutrients: Influence on seedling growth of sweet corn

Foliar application of banana pseudostem sap based liquid organic fertilizer enhances growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Foliar application of banana pseudostem sap based liquid organic fertilizer enhances growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Antibacterial efficiency of naturally occurring dyes and mordants

The popularity of natural dyes is steadily increasing due to their properties such as soothing colors, non-carcinogenic & non-hazardous nature, and also being safe for the environment. Some natural dyes also have been reported to have antibacterial properties. This study was performed to explore the antibacterial efficiency of selected plant products that were used in the dyeing of fabric. Flowers of Butea monosperma and Tagetes erecta were used for the dye extraction. Banana pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rinds taken as biomordant. High-performance thin-layer chromatography was conducted for the identification of components of B. monosperma, T. erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and P. granatum rind. Dyeing of two types of cotton fabrics was performed at pre-optimized conditions. The antibacterial activities of dyed fabrics were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Various phytochemical constituents in the dyeing plant materials already have antibacterial properties. Fabrics dyed with B. monosperma, T. erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and P. granatum rind showed high resistance towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Optimization and Extraction of Natural Dye from Tagetes Erecta and Dyeing of Cotton and Silk Fabric Using Banana (Musa Sp.) Pseudo Stem Sap

ABSTRACT The extraction of natural dye using an aqueous method is a concept of green chemistry to avoid environmental pollution and toxicity. The present study was performed to improve the color strength and fastness properties of the fabrics by using natural dye and banana pseudo stem sap as a natural mordant. The natural dye was extracted from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) and optimized for dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics. The extraction of the dye was done in an aqueous solution without using any solvents. The optimum results were obtained when the fabric was dyed at 80°C for 60 min by keeping the mass to liquid ratio 1:40 at pH-7 (1.19). The color strength and CIELab (L*, a*, and b*) color parameters were also investigated. The effect of banana pseudo stem saps as a natural mordant on the color strength and fastness properties of the cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated and compared. The cotton fabrics were further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the physical and chemical changes after dyeing and mordanting.

Organic Cultivation of Summer Groundnut using Cow-based Bio-enhancers and Botanicals

Background: Recognizing the adverse impact of excessive use of chemicals on soil health, human health and environment, Government is promoting production of organic crops, fruits and vegetables etc. through various schemes. Demand for organic food items is also on the rise during the last few years. Number of cow-based bio-enhancers and botanicals have been developed by innovative organic growers/ associations and NGOs. But very meagre scientific information is available regarding such formulations. Hence, to incorporate these products in organic farming module, the present experiment was conducted.Methods: A field experiment was conducted in summer season of 2017 to 2019 at Junagadh, Gujarat, India with cow-based bio-enhancers (Panchagavya, Bijamrut, Jivamrut, Amrutpani, Sanjivak and cow urine) and botanicals (Seaweed extract and Banana pseudo stem sap) in randomized block design with three replications. The cow-based formulations were prepared on farm as per the procedure given by National Centre for Organic Farming, Ghaziabad and botanicals viz., banana pseudo stem extract and seaweed extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) were obtained from Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari and Junagadh Agricultural University, Okha.Result: The results revealed that application of FYM @ 5 t/ha significantly enhanced growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of branches/plant, number and dry weight of nodules/plant, number of mature pods/plant, pod weight/plant and shelling percentage and ultimately produced significantly higher pod (1823 kg/ha) and haulm (3270 kg/ha) yields, followed by Panchagavya as foliar spray @ 3% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (1582 and 2846 kg/ha) and seaweed extract as foliar spray @ 3.5% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (1423 and 2570 kg/ha). Application of FYM, Panchagavya and seaweed extract also increased uptake of NPK by pod and haulm over the control, while different treatments failed to affect the post-harvest soil fertility except available P which is higher under FYM, Jivamrut, Amrutpani and Sanjivak over the control. Overall, application of FYM and Panchagavya accrued higher net return of `55285 and 46229/ha with B:C of 2.21 and 2.12, respectively.

Banana Pseudostem Sap as a Biomordant for Dyeing of Silk with Celosia Flower

This research paper is focused on the dyeing of silk fabrics with a natural dye extracted from Celosia flower and banana pseudostem sap as a biomordant. The dyeing process was carried out by three different techniques i.e. pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting method. The effect of dyeing process parameters namely mordant concentration, pH, and temperature on the dye absorption and fastness properties of dyed silk fabric have been investigated for each dyeing method. Optimal values of dyeing process parameters have been categorized based on the highest value of dye absorption in terms of K/S value. Optimum mordant concentration was found to be 18 % for all sets of dyeing methods. The optimum pH was examined to be 4.5, 4.0, and 4.0 and dyeing temperature was 70 °C, 70 °C, and 65 °C for the pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting dyeing methods, respectively. The color fastness to light, washing, and rubbing of dyed silk fabrics was investigated. Fastness values of light and rubbing showed fair-to-good fastness level, whereas the color fastness to washing was found to be good to very good. The antibacterial activity of the banana sap mordanted and simultaneously dyed silk fabrics was evaluated. The dyed silk fabric exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.