Banana Plants Cv Research Articles

Rhizobacterial consortium differently affects black leaf spot, physiological, morphological, and productive components in two generations of banana plants

Rhizobacteria's effects on commercial banana plants in different generations remain unclear. In the present field-level investigation, we evaluated the effect of three types (injection, edaphic, and foliar) of applications of a local rhizobacterial consortium on Black leaf spot (BLS), chlorophyll content, morphological components, and fruit production in two generations of commercial banana plants cv. Williams. The rhizobacteria-treated mother and daughter plants received one and two applications, respectively, while the untreated plants constituted the control group. Results of the present investigation indicated that the rhizobacteria differently affect the aerial tissues of different generations of banana plants. Regardless of how the rhizobacteria were applied, they reduced an average of 40 % the BLS incidence on leaves (P ≤ 0.0001) and increased an average 9 % the plant height and pseudostem circumference (P ≤ 0.0001 – P = 0.0475) of mother and daughter plants were observed. However, both morphological variables improved even more in daughter plants edaphically treated with rhizobacteria. Leaf pigments like chlorophyll B (P = 0.0262) and the total content (P = 0.0230) only increased an average of 40 % in daughter plants treated with rhizobacteria. Rhizobacteria edaphic application and injection improved bunch weight (P = 0.0048) and hands per bunch (P ≤ 0.0001) in mother plants. Meanwhile, the edaphic application significantly increased the bunch weight (P = 0.0031), hands per bunch (P = 0.0074), and rachis weight (P = 0.023) by 17% on average in edaphically and foliar-treated mother plants, while the finger length (P = 0.0064) increased by 5% on average. Generally, the morphological and productive components increased much more in daughter plants than in mother. These findings demonstrate the potential of edaphically and foliar rhizobacterial applications to enhance plant health and productivity, providing a sustainable management strategy for banana cultivation.

Accumulation and distribution of micronutrients in banana cv. Williams (Musa AAA Simmonds) with different doses of nitrogen

This research evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 161, 321.8, or 483 kg ha-1) on the accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B in banana plants cv. Williams in two production cycles in Uraba, Colombia. The micronutrient accumulation models for the plants were obtained with a multivariate approach for differences between cycles, using a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. The N doses with greater accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B in the plants with fruits were 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1. The average sequence of micronutrient extraction by whole plants was Fe>Mn≥Zn>B>Cu in the first cycle and Fe>Cu>Mn≥Zn>B in the second cycle. The micronutrient accumulation was organ-specific and varied depending on the stage of development. Fe was the major micronutrient extracted by the corm, pseudostem, and bunch. The leaves had the greatest accumulation of Mn. The higher fertilizer doses generated a major response in terms of micronutrient extraction by the banana plants.

Effect of different slow release potassium fertilizer rates on growth and productivity of banana cv.Williams plants

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons (2017 and 2018) on the first and second ratoon of healthy uniform banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) Plants grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Tahadi region, Cairo Alexandria desert road, Behaira governorate, Egypt. The investigation aimed to study the effect of different slow release potassium fertilizer (SRKF) (50% K2O) rates (100%, 75% and 50%) were added as soil drench during mid March, mid June and mid September while, potassium sulphate dose used in control treatment was added at monthly intervals as soil application from mid March until mid October on vegetative growth, productivity, total yield income and net return/feddan of banana plants. The obtained results showed that, all treatments had a significant effect on enhancing the vegetative growth parameters, i.e. number of green leaves /plant, plant total assimilation area (m2/plant), leaf total chlorophyll content (CCI) and leaf macro element content (N, P and K) as (%) as well as leaf micro element content (Fe, Zn and Mn) as (ppm). Also, improving yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight (kg), number of hands/bunch, hand weight (kg), number of fingers/hand, finger weight (g), finger length (cm), finger circumference (cm), finger pulp weight (g), finger pulp/peel (ratio), TSS (%), TSS/TA (ratio), total sugars (%). In addition, the total yield income (1000 LE) and net return/feddan (1000 LE) in both seasons. Moreover, all treatments had no significant effect on plant pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumferences (cm) and leaf area (m2) of plant in both seasons and bunch length (cm) in the first season only. Treatment of: slow release potassium at 100% gave the highest values of physical and chemical properties of banana plants cv. Williams in both seasons compared to, control treatment (100% potassium sulphate) and slow release potassium at 50% gave the lowest values.

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus microcarpum) improve plant height and nutritional status of banana plants

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to assess the benefits of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for banana plants cv. ‘Nendran’. The AMF species applied wereFunneliformis mosseaeandGlomus microcarpum, which were identified in a previous survey as the most common root associates ofMusaspp. in traditional monoculture banana fields. Spores of both the AMF species isolated from the natural banana fields were mono-cultured and used in the experiment, individually and in combination, at two inoculum spore levels (2500 or 5000 spores). We evaluated the root colonising potential of AMFs and their effects on plant height, chlorophyll content and leaf N, P and K concentrations at regular intervals up to 90 days after inoculation. All the inoculated plants showed more than 80% root colonisation. Increase in chlorophyll content in the leaves was found significant in all treatments, with the exception of the combination of 5000 spores ofF. mosseae and5000 spores ofG. microcarpumeach. Increases in leaf N, P and K were found in all the inoculated plants as compared to control (sterile soil without any AMF). While a significant reduction in soil available nitrogen and soil pH was observed in all treatments with inoculation, the soil available phosphorus and soil total organic carbon were increased by inoculation. Overall data revealed positive effects of AMF species in banana, especially during its early growth. As AMF species were isolated from fields differing in relation to banana variety and soil type and have positive effects in banana nutrition, an integrated soil fertility management using AMF appears promising.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-binding transcription activator genes in banana under drought stress

Banana (Musa acuminata) is an important economical food crop, cultivated worldwide depending on suitable climatic conditions. Its production is hindered because of several biotic and abiotic stresses. Drought stress is one of the main factors, which affect banana yield. To survive under water deficit conditions, plants respond by change in expression of many genes. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is a small transcription factor (TF) family with broad range of functions involved in different environmental stress responses including drought. Despite the importance of this family, no comprehensive data is available about this TF family in banana. In this study, five Musa acuminata CAMTA (MuCAMTA) TFs were identified in banana genome. One-month old banana plants cv. Basrai, were subjected to drought stress for twelve days by complete withholding of water. Plants kept for control were watered regularly. Photosynthetic pigments and total RNA was extracted from leaves of drought stressed and control plants. The expression pattern of MuCAMTA genes was identified by qRT-PCR. Drought resulted decrease in chlorophyll pigments. All MuCAMTA genes except MuCAMTA2 showed upregulation under drought stress. MuCAMTA1 showed highest expression (40 fold) under drought stress. MuCAMTA1 could be an ideal candidate to enhance drought stress tolerance in banana plants.

INDUKSI MUTASI PADA PISANG (Musa sp. - ABB) cv. KEPOK DENGAN IRADIASI GAMMA SECARA IN VITRO

Banana (Musa sp. - ABB) cv. Kepok is one of type banana processed that have a very potential commodities fruit developed to support food survival. The purpose of this study was to knowing the effect of gamma irradiation on the growth of banana plants cv. Kepok in vitro. This study was conducted in October 2014 – October 2015 in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biological – Science UNJ. The methods used was experiment with fully randomized design. Factors that tested was 6 gamma irradiation doses (0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Gy) with 10 repetition. Observation of phenotypic generate diverse characters on the growth of the number of shoots and leaves. Gamma irradiation dose of 50 Gy is doses most inhibits the growth of character. Mutations that occur in banana plantlets cv. Kepok generated by the treatment doses gamma irradiation induced mutation is random.

Effect of Organic Compost Tea and Humic Acid to Reduce Dose of NPK Fertigation of Banana Plants cv."Grand Nain"

Effect of Organic Compost Tea and Humic Acid to Reduce Dose of NPK Fertigation of Banana Plants cv."Grand Nain"

Potential use of Trichoderma-based bioproduct for black leaf streak disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) management in the field

Organic banana production demands alternatives for controlling black leaf streak disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. The foliar application of a Trichoderma-based bioproduct increased the plant growth and provides some degree of control by reduction of the disease severity in two growing cycles of the banana plants cv. ‘Williams’.

Comparison of techniques used in the prediction of yield in banana plants

Phytotechnical characters observed in field experimental are of phenotypic nature and most of the time its assessment is based only on the experience of the observer. The assessment of the correlations between variables allows the estimation of the changes in a character based on the changes in other characters. This study investigated the potential of using the culture's characteristics in predicting production responses by applying two techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR) in banana plants cv. Tropical. The experiment was a test for uniformity, using the cultivar Tropical (YB42-21), an AAAB tetraploid hybrid. The characteristics evaluated over two cycles of fruit production were the yield, bunch's weight, number and length of hands and fruits, diameter of the fruit, and number of living leaves at harvest. In the evaluations, each plant was considered as a basic unit (bu) occupying an area of 6m2; therefore, 360 basic units (bu) were studied. According to the analyses, the neural network proved to be more accurate in forecasting the weight of the bunch in comparison to the multiple linear regressions in terms of the mean prediction-error (MPE=1.40), mean square deviation (MSD=2.29) and coefficient of determination (R2=91%).

Torta de mamona no controle da broca-do-rizoma (Cosmopolites sordidus) em bananeira-Terra

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da torta de mamona sobre a infestação por Cosmopolites sordidus e o desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeira cultivar Terra. Avaliaram-se diferentes dosagens da torta de mamona (0 g, 12 g, 15 g, 18 g e 24 g) aplicadas a cada dois meses, a partir do plantio em mudas de bananeira dispostas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. Avaliou-se a evolução vegetativa das mudas pela altura da planta, pelo diâmetro do pseudocaule e pelo número de folhas verdes. Efetuou-se a infestação das plantas com 25 adultos de C. sordidus em cada muda. Os danos causados foram avaliados por meio da percentagem de galerias no rizoma, número de adultos vivos e mortos, número de larvas e número de pupas. Determinou-se também o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o valor de absorbância relativo ao teor de clorofila nas folhas por meio do uso de um clorofilômetro. Observou-se baixa infestação da broca-do-rizoma nas mudas tratadas com a torta de mamona. O crescimento e a absorbância foram afetados positivamente pela aplicação da torta de mamona. Assim, a torta de mamona reduz a população de C. sordidus nos rizomas de bananeira cv. Terra, favorece o crescimento das plantas e aumenta o valor de absorbância.

Utilization of artificial neural networks in the prediction of the bunches’ weight in banana plants

Phytotechnical characters observed in field experimental are of phenotypic nature and most of the time its assessment is based only on the experience of the observer. The assessment of the correlations between variables allows the estimation of the changes in a character based on the changes in other characters. This present study estimated the impact of agronomic characters related to the weight of the bunch measured in banana plants. The experiment was a test for uniformity, conducted in Guanambi, Bahia, by using the cultivar Tropical (YB42-21), an AAAB tetraploid hybrid. The vegetative characters evaluated during flowering included plant height, perimeter of the pseudostem, number of offshoots, and number of living leaves. The yield related characters were evaluated during the harvest and included, bunch's weight, number of hands and fruits, weight of the second hand, and length and diameter of the fruit in two production cycles. In the evaluations, each plant was considered as a basic unit (bu). This work described a protocol for prediction of banana yield by using the artificial neural networks (ANNs) method as modeling tool. The computational model ANN was used and the prediction of the weight of the bunch in banana plants cv. Tropical was estimated with precision and efficiency (R2=91%, MPE=1.40 and MSD=2.29).

Metamasius hemipterus L. como praga de bananeiras cv. Terra

Metamasius spp. não é citado como praga da bananeira. Entretanto, o manejo cultural adotado nos bananais pode interferir na ocorrência desses insetos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de registrar a ocorrência de Metamasius hemipterus L.. em bananal orgânico cv. Terra e seus danos em uma área experimental e de produção no município de Presidente Tancredo Neves, Bahia. Relata-se a ocorrência de M. hemipterus como praga da bananeira cv. Terra. Alerta-se para a necessidade de monitoramento do inseto principalmente em sistemas de produção orgânica.

Heat shock induced excision of selectable marker genes in transgenic banana by the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system

Selectable marker genes are indispensable for efficient production of transgenic events, but are no longer needed after the selection process and may cause public concern and technological problems. Although several gene excision systems exist, few have been optimized for vegetatively propagated crops. Using a Cre-loxP auto-excision strategy, we obtained transgenic banana plants cv. Grande Naine (Musa AAA) devoid of the marker gene used for selection. We used T-DNA vectors with the cre recombinase gene under control of a heat shock promoter and selectable marker gene cassettes placed between two loxP sites in direct orientation, and a gene of interest inserted outside of the loxP sites. Heat shock promoters pGmHSP17.6-L and pHSP18.2, from soybean and Arabidopsis respectively, were tested. A transient heat shock treatment of primary transgenic embryos was sufficient for inducing cre and excising cre and the marker genes. Excision efficiency, as determined by PCR and Southern hybridization was 59.7 and 40.0% for the GmHSP17.6-L and HSP18.2 promoters, respectively. Spontaneous excision was not observed in 50 plants derived from untreated transgenic embryos. To our knowledge this is the first report describing an efficient marker gene removal system for banana. The method described is simple and might be generally applicable for the production of marker-free transgenic plants of many crop species.

Construction of banana bunchy top nanovirus-DNA-3 encoding the coat protein gene and its introducing into banana plants cv. Williams

Banana ( Musa sp.) is considered as one of the most important fruit crops worldwide as well as in Egypt. The main goal of this study was to construct the open reading frame (ORF) of banana bunchy top nanovirus (BBTV)-DNA-3 that encodes the viral coat protein ( cp ) gene for banana transformation. The previously sequenced BBTV-G-DNA-3-ORF that cloned into plasmid pH1 was used as a template for PCR amplification using two specific primers containing Bam H1 site. A new plasmid called pRHA1 containing the amplified ORF under the control of maize polyubiquitin ( ubi ) promoter was created. The bar gene (herbicide-resistance gene as a selectable marker) cassette ( bar gene, Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nos terminator) was released from plasmid pAB6 using Hind III-digestion and subcloned into the Hind III-digested plasmid pRHA1 to create the plasmid pRHA2 via the microprojectile bombardment transformation system. The plasmid pRHA2 was successfully introduced in the applied banana cultivar. Leaf painting test was conducted to confirm the expression of the bar gene in the putative transformed banana lines. The presence and expression of BBTV-G- cp gene were also detected using some molecular (polymerase chain reaction and dot blot using a cold DNA probe) and serological (ELISA and western blot) techniques, respectively, in the obtained transgenic banana lines.

Leaf gas exchange of droughted and irrigated banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) growing in hot, arid conditions

SummaryLeaf gas exchange (LGE) of banana plants cv. Williams growing in an arid tropical environment was measured on irrigated and droughted plants through an 8 d drying cycle and after re-irrigation. The relations between net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Et,) and internal C02 concentration (C¡) and climatic factors (photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), leaf temperature (Tl) and leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (Δe) and plant and soil water status were explored. The highest Pn, of 23 δmol C02 m–2 s–1 and gs of 600 mmol m–2 s–1, occurred in early to mid morning but the highest Et, of 10 mmol H20 m–2 s–1, occurred in the early afternoon. Water deficit significantly (P≤0.05) reduced LGE when soil water potential (ψs) at 30 cm soil depth was less than -30 kPa. The ψs of irrigated plants was maintained above -20 kPa throughout the experiment. Water use efficiency was not significantly (P≤0.05) different between treatments. Nor was the relation between the difference between leaf and air temperature (Td) and Δe. A unique relation existed between Pn and gs that was common to both irrigated and droughted plants. Soil drought, and in irrigated plants diurnal variation in Δe and Ti, reduced Pn and gs. C, was positively correlated with both Pn and gs except when the plants had experienced more than 6 d of drought (ψs lower than -50 kPa) when the relations became non-significant (P≤0.05). After re-irrigation of the droughted plants these relations returned to being positive and statistically significant (P≤0.05). Measurements of leaf water potential using either volumetric or pressure techniques rarely showed differences between irrigated and droughted plants. This was despite a large reduction in Pn, Et and gs. Mature banana leaves folded their laminae to a greater extent, and for longer periods during the day, in droughted plants but we suggest leaf folding may be too variable over the diurnal period to be used as a plant-based indicator of water deficit. The youngest leaf emerged up to 40% faster during the night than the day suggesting that day temperatures were above the optimum for leaf elongation. Drought significantly (P≤0.05) reduced elongation of emerging leaves only when ψs was less than -65 kPa. In irrigated plants Pn was reduced whenever gs declined due to diurnal changes in the environment. ψs less than -30 kPa further reduced LGE in droughted plants but few associations with plant water status (either pressure or volume based measurements of leaf water status or plant morphology) could be linked with decreased LGE. We conclude that banana plants are well able to maintain their internal water status during drought and are sensitive to soil drying. Water status is maintained by reducing radiation load (leaf folding) and closing stornata. This is likely to bear strongly on the productivity of this crop in hot, arid environments.