Bamboo Stick Research Articles

Innovative volumetric assessment of red ochre mining: AI-driven drone surveys and underwater volume calculations using DGPS and bamboo stick methodology

Innovative volumetric assessment of red ochre mining: AI-driven drone surveys and underwater volume calculations using DGPS and bamboo stick methodology

Efficient metal free organic radical scintillators

The development of high-performance metal-free organic X-ray scintillators (OXSTs), characterized by a synergistic combination of robust X-ray absorption, efficient exciton utilization, and short luminescence lifetimes, poses a considerable challenge. Here we present an effective strategy for achieving augmented X-ray scintillation through the utilization of halogenated open-shell organic radical scintillators. Our experimental results demonstrate that the synthesized scintillators exhibit strong X-ray absorption derived from halogen atoms, display efficacious X-ray stability, and theoretically achieve 100% exciton utilization efficiency with a short lifetime (∼18 ns) due to spin-allowed doublet transitions. The superior X-ray scintillation performance exhibited by these organic radicals is not only exploitable in X-ray radiography for contrast imaging of various objects but also applicable in a medical high-resolution micro-computer-tomography system for the clear visualization of fibrous veins within a bamboo stick. Our study substantiates the promise of organic radicals as prospective candidates for OXSTs, offering valuable insights and a roadmap for the development of advanced organic radical scintillators geared towards achieving high-quality X-ray radiography.

Effectiveness of Bamboo Stick Liquid Smoke (Bamboo sp.) With Methanol Extract of Sengon Twig Wood (Falcataria moluccana) as a Disinfectant

Pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are widely spread in the environment, especially in public places that allow microorganisms to multiply. Disinfectants are used to prevent the spread of these microorganisms. The use of chemical-based disinfectants can cause side effects, so it is necessary to look for alternatives from natural materials, such as a mixture of bamboo stem liquid smoke and methanol extract from Sengon twig wood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a mixture of bamboo stem liquid smoke and methanol extract of Sengon twig on bacteria and fungi. This research method began with an inhibition test of the disc and well diffusion method with five comparison treatments (50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90) to obtain the most effective comparison of the volume of 100% bamboo stem liquid smoke mixture and 11% sengon twig wood methanol extract, then tested using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method with swab samples on wooden tables. The results showed that the most effective comparison of the volume of 100% bamboo stem liquid smoke mixture and 11% sengon twig wood methanol extract was the volume ratio of 50:50 from the results of the inhibition zone on Salmonella typhimurium with a diameter of 10.3 mm. The results of the mixed effectiveness test with a ratio of 50:50 with the swab test on the table showed a decrease in the number of bacteria (51%) and fungi (65%). This shows that the mixture of bamboo stem liquid smoke and methanol extract of Sengon twig wood is effective as a disinfectant.

Veido masažo su bambuko lazdelėmis poveikis senstančiai veido odai

The article analyzes the effect of facial massage with bamboo sticks on aging facial skin. Skin evaluation criteria are presented: skin elasticity, tone, moisture, color changes, wrinkles and keratinization. The charts show the most significant changes based on the procedures performed. Keywords: aging facial skin, dehydration, wrinkles, bamboo stick massage.

Sanghyang Dedari Dance in Geriana Kauh Village, North Duda, Karangasem as the Creation of Painting Works

Sang Hyang Dedari is a traditional Balinese dance which is interpreted as a ceremonial dance to ask for safety Sang Hyang Dedari is a traditional Balinese dance which and repel reinforcements for the local community. The Sanghyang Dedari dance in Geriana Kauh Village has its own uniqueness, especially in the clothing and attributes used, in the clothing section the yellow and white clothing is used which symbolizes purity and safety or prosperity, which distinguishes Sanghyang in Geriana Village from the Sanghyang in place, namely in terms of the bun or crown, in Geriana Kauh Village they still use natural products as crowns, namely grapefruit peels and flowers such as sandat, cempaka, ratna, gumitir, and jepun flowers, which are arranged in such a way as to resemble a bun. Sanghyang Dedari's performance was performed at the catus pate or crossroad, in the center of the village. Sanghyang Dedari is danced by 2 to 7 child dancers who are underage, not yet mature or mature, these dancers or pengayah have the opportunity to sing for up to 3 terms, after a re-election is held. Sanghyang dedari is accompanied by songs, songs, songs. When dancing, the dancers will follow the strains of the gending being chanted, in the middle of that there is what is called the lilit-linting procession, in which the dancers will climb a bamboo stick and dance to the strains of the gending, this lilit-linting is shaped like a cross or tapak dara, which is also display a safety sign. In this independent project, the author shows the process and sequence of the Sanghyang Dedari dance, from the beginning to the end of the Sanghyang Dedari dance in Geriana Kauh Village, Duda Karangasem Strait.

Recent Advancement in Agarwood Induction Technology: A Comprehensive Review for the Transformation of Artificial Agar Resin Induction Methods

Agarwood is a high valued resinous wood containing aromatic constituents of sesquiterpenes and phenyl-ethylchromones. They are typically found in the wood tissue of Thymalaeaceae family trees such as Aquilaria and Gyrinops species once they have been physically or chemically damaged or diseased by microbial pathogens. However, the natural occurrence based agarwood production is inadequate to fulfill the worldwide market demand as it never reach to the potential yield. As a result, recent advancements in artificial agarwood induction technology have led to the efficient production of agarwood resin, surpassing conventional methods. These technologies include mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, as well as combinations of these techniques such as fungal inoculation, nailing, drilling, partly trunk pruning, aeration method, agar-wit, C-A kits, Agar-sit, Bottle dipping, ChemJet, Pinhole infusion, Automated transfusion, Agar-Bit and Bamboo stick method. While interdisciplinary approaches have pros and cons, chemical inducers have shown rapid invasion inside particular tree species trunks to produce superior agarwood resin at consistent rate. Therefore, diverse forms of inducers can be utilized to develop this finest fragrance resinous wood in cultivated trees within a short period of time compared to the natural approach and almost similar in the quality compared to the natural agarwood formations. The objective of this review paper was to presents a comprehensive collection of agarwood resin inducing methods and their potential to enhance the total production and the quality of agarwood in the final harvest. The application of these techniques has significant implications to the agarwood industry as it seeks to meet the growing global demand for this highly sought-after and valuable product leading to a high profitable business. Therefore, this review article serves as a valuable collection of resource for the researchers and industry professionals who are ambitious to develop their agarwood industry to a new level.

Exploding danger: A forensic analysis of the paint thinner explosion incident

This case study examines a paint thinner explosion incident that occurred in a residential house, resulting in the loss of life, injuries and property damage. The study investigates the explosive characteristics of paint thinner, storage conditions, ignition sources, human factors, and the findings of a forensic investigation. The incident involved an individual attempting to open a plastic container of paint thinner, which exploded upon opening, causing the individual's incapacitation and subsequent death. Three family members standing nearby suffered serious injuries. The forensic investigation revealed accumulation of flammable vapors due to high temperatures and poor ventilation, potential ignition from nearby bamboo stick burning, inadequate safety measures, and human errors as contributing factors. The study emphasizes the importance of proper storage, handling, and training in dealing with flammable substances, as well as the need for effective safety measures and adherence to regulations to prevent such incidents in the future.

Bamboo stick diameter, volume and aspect ratios effect on the compressive behavior of bamboo sticks reinforced concrete mixed with sea sand and seawater

Over the past decade, bamboo has received much attention due to its sustainability and strength. The advantages of bamboo over other natural fibres include its abundant existence, high yield, and the ability to quickly reach a maximum height and strength in 3–8 years. Bamboo can be used as an independent structural material and concrete reinforcement in the forms of bamboo culms, bamboo splints, and bamboo composite bars for low-rise and low-cost buildings. In this study, bamboo sticks were adopted as reinforcement for concrete cubes. The following influencing factors were considered: bamboo stick volume ratios of 0.6 %, 1.2 %, and 2.4 %, bamboo stick diameters of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm, and bamboo stick aspect ratios of 10, 20, and 30. The test result shows that with the addition of 0.6 % of sticks, the BSRC compressive strength rose by 3.24 and 17.33 % for length-to-diameter ratios 20 and 30, respectively. The compressive strength of specimens was enhanced by adding 1.2 % and 2.4 % bamboo sticks with a length-to-diameter ratio of 10 by 21.38 and 20.94 %, respectively. The obtained results were compared with the mechanical properties of conventional concrete cubes. Currently, river sand and fresh water are the most often used materials in manufacturing concrete. The widespread use of river sand and freshwater has resulted in major environmental issues. Because many places of the world lack appropriate supplies of fresh water, overuse of this resource is not advised. As a result, saltwater and sea sand were used to create both bamboo stick reinforced concrete and plain concrete specimens. Lastly, a model of strength and stress–strain was proposed.

Facilely Fabricated Bright Lead‐Free Perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillator Film for High‐Definition X‐Ray Imaging

Scintillator is a critical component to detect high‐energy particles or rays, which is widely used in deep space exploration, security inspection, and nondestructive testing and medical diagnosis, such as X‐ray imaging and computed tomography (CT). However, the wider application of traditional inorganic and organic scintillators is limited by the complex operation process or poor adaptability to changeable environment, and there remains a demand to develop green and stable scintillators with high sensitivity and low detection limit. Herein, the one‐step preparation of lead‐free perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 scintillator film for high‐definition X‐ray imaging by conventional chemical vapor deposition method is reported. Cs3Cu2I5 demonstrates good stability and bright‐blue emission at 445 nm and superhigh photoluminescence quantum yield (85.14%). Importantly, upon X‐ray irradiation, the Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite film exhibits light yield (≈39 251 photons MeV−1) as high as two times of the commercially available Ce:LuAG single‐crystal scintillator (≈22 000 photons MeV−1). Furthermore, the practical demonstration for a bamboo stick and insect specimens illustrates sensitive scintillation response to X‐ray signals with superior linearity and high‐quality images in X‐ray photography and CT. Overall, Cs3Cu2I5 film provides nontoxicity, high radioluminescence intensity, and good stability, it can be regarded as a competitive material for X‐ray imaging.

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from buffalo dairy product (dadiah) as potential probiotics

Abstract. Aritonang SN, Roza E, Yetmaneli, Sandra A, Rizqan. 2022. Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Buffalo Dairy Product (Dadiah) as Potential Probiotics. Biodiversitas 23: 4418-4423. Dadiah is one of fermented milk from West Sumatra which made from buffalo milk. These product made traditionally by pouring fresh buffalo milk into a bamboo stick covered with banana leaves and fermenting at room temperature for two days. The study's objective was to isolate and identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from dadiah as candidates for probiotics. The factors that are considered are LAB Characterization, Biochemical and Microscopic Characterization of LAB Isolate, Bacterial Resistance in Acidic conditions, Bile Salts Resistance, and Antimicrobial Activity. Furthermore the isolate identify by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA. Samples of dadiah were collected from five farmers in Tanjung Bonai Village, North Lintau Buo Regency, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Observations were made in four replications, and the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The total colony of lactic acid bacteria from dadiah was 7x108-23x108 CFU/mL. LAB isolates from dadiah were classified as Gram-positive bacilli. The isolates are resistant to acidic conditions and bile salts and have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Identifying the selected isolate using the 16S rRNA showed that the isolate had similarities with Lactobacillus casei strain HDS-01. It can be concluded that dadiah used in this study is as a probiotic food.

EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI PURUN DANAU (Lepironia articulata) LOKAL SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ALAMI PADA IKLIM TROPIKA LEMBAB DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Purun is one of the endemic plants that naturally grows wild in peat and swamp areas. Purun is commonly found in peat and swamp areas in Indonesia, including in East Kalimantan, especially in Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara. Purun belongs to the Cyperaceae family. This plant is a typical plant in swamp land. Swamp land is land for a long time during the year is always saturated with water or inundated. Purun is a plant that lives in the wild naturally in areas of peat swamp, tidal swamp and river areas that are acidic sulphate.There are three types of purun known in Kalimantan, namely purun danau, purun tikus and purun bajang. The purun danau (Lepironia articulata Retz. Domin.) has a fundamental difference when compared to the purun tikus and the purun bajang, which is much larger in size than the purun tikus and the purun bajang and has leaves that are tougher like woody and more clearly lined than other. Purun danau also has a cavity that is similar to a bamboo stick. The objectives of the study were to 1. determine the character of purun danau plants in the natural humid tropics habitat; and 2. Knowing the characteristics of purun danau plant habitat. The research design used in this research is descriptive or descriptive research. The results showed that: 1. the morphological character of the purun danau was in the form of a cylindrical stem like a pipe that grew elongated with a tapered tip, had thin partitions that filled the inside, the bulkhead was solid at the base and the stem was shiny green. The outer part of the base is white and covered with leaves shaped like a reddish brown sheath. The tapered end of the stem then grows into a compound flower which will contain many seeds in the generative phase. Purun danau flowers are compound flowers and are located at the end of the stem. The roots of purun danau are fibrous and grow with the stolons. 2. The purun danau habitat is characterized by the presence of water, either always stagnant or flowing water with varying heights (between 100 cm to 300 cm). In addition to the presence of water, purun habitat is also characterized by acidic soil pH conditions (4.10-5.20) and open land without shade. In addition to adapting well in acid sulphate soils, purun danau are also able to absorb heavy metal elements such as Pb, Cd and Zn.

Low-cost electronic bamboo walking stick: an innovative assistive mobility aid for the blind

Present-day advancements in embedded systems have uncovered a wide area of innovation in inexpensive supportive systems for the visually impaired. Right from the uncomplicated white cane up to the most exceptional electronic walking stick, many designs have been proposed aiming at assisting and protecting visually challenged persons. This paper aims at contributing to these assistive aids by designing a bamboo stick sensor-based unit with ultrasonic and water detection sensors which is robust, cheap, and easily operated for the deprived blind person. Thus, improving the usefulness of the current white stick to consolidate both above-knee and below-knee deterrent identifications. The developed bamboo stick simply operates using ultrasound sensors for sensing the impediments before contact and a water detection sensor for water detection on the pathway. It offers vibration and different sound feedbacks to the operator per the spot of the obstacle. The results obtained by trial from a volunteer who walked an obstructed path blindfolded were excellent. The results ensure quick detection, safety and enhance the speed of mobility of the user. The simulations performed were accurate and relevant to the ultimate goal of the paper. The electronic bamboo walking stick developed can be used to guide the visually impaired in an indoor or outdoor environment.

Drift Artifacts Correction for Laboratory Cone-Beam Nanoscale X-ray Computed Tomography by Fitting the Partial Trajectory of Projection Centroid

A self-correction method for the drift artifacts of laboratory cone-beam nanoscale X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) based on the trajectory of projection centroid (TPC) is proposed. This method does not require additional correction phantoms, simplifying the correction process. The whole TPC is estimated by the partial TPC in the optimal projection set. The projection drift is calculated by the measured TPC and the estimated TPC. The interval search method is used so that the proposed method can adapt to the case of a truncated projection due to drift. The fixed-angle scanning experiment of the Siemens star and the partial derivative analysis of the projection position show the necessity of correcting drift artifacts. Further, the Shepp–Logan phantoms with different drift levels are simulated. The results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate the horizontal and vertical drifts within the projection drift range of ±2 mm (27 pixels) with high accuracy. Experiments were conducted on tomato seed and bamboo stick to validate the feasibility of the proposed method for samples with different textures. The correction effect on different reconstructed slices indicates that the proposed method provides performance superior to the reference scanning method (RSM) and global fitting. In addition, the proposed method requires no extra scanning, which improves the acquisition efficiency, as well as radiation utilization.

Profil Komponen Volatil Beberapa Jenis Satai Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas


 Satay as Indonesian food is made from several pieces of meat stabbed with a bamboo stick and grilled. Satay has a unique aroma because of the diversity in total organic volatile contents. Differences in volatile compounds are also influenced by species breed and processing method. Volatilomics is a method used to ensure the authenticity of meat products through the detection, characterization, and quantification of all volatile metabolites in biological systems. This study aims to evaluate volatile profiles in beef, chicken, pork satay, and their mixtures. The volatile components of satay were extracted using the solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) method and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. Data were analyzed by multivariate principles component analysis (PCA). Beef, chicken, and pork satays were identified as having 104,134, and 112 volatile compounds, respectively. Nonanal was a volatile compound with the highest intensity in beef satay samples, benzaldehyde in chicken satay, and cyclohexanol in pork satay. Volatile components of satay with different types of meat showed good separation using the PCA model. Beef, chicken, and pork satays are grouped separately. Mixed-meat satay containing pork was grouped next to the pork satay. Volatilomic analysis identified a hexanal compound was potential to be used as a marker to distinguish between pork and other meat satays in halal authentication process.
 
 Keywords: beef, chicken, halal, pork, volatilomics

Health and Environmental Risks of Incense Smoke: Mechanistic Insights and Cumulative Evidence.

Incense burning is practiced alongside many sacred rituals across different regions of the world. Invariable constituents of incense brands are 21% (by weight) herbal and wood powder, 33% bamboo stick, 35% fragrance material, and 11% adhesive powder. Major incense-combustion outputs include particulate matter (PM), volatile organic content, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The relative toxicity of these products is an implicit function of particle size and incomplete combustion, which in turn vary for a specific incense brand. Lately, the attention given to the Air Quality Index by international regulatory bodies has created concern about mounting PM toxicity. The uncharacteristically small physical dimensions of these entities complicates their detection, and with no effect of gravity PM fractions rapidly contribute to oxidative stress, enhancing random biochemical reactions upon being inhaled. Incense burning generates four times the PM extent (45 mg•g−1) of cigarettes (~10 mg•g−1). Several poisonous gases, such as CO, CO2, NO2, and SO2, and the unavoidable challenge of disposing of the burnt incense ash further add to the toxicity. Taken together, these issues demonstrate that incense burning warrants prompt attention. The aim of this article is to highlight the toxicity of incense-combustion materials on the environment and human health. This discussion could be significant in framing future policy regarding ecofriendly incense manufacture and reduced usage.

A triboelectric nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting and as self-powered pressure sensor

Recently, the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on the natural material have aroused widespread concern. Here, we report a novel bamboo stick-based triboelectric nanogenerator (B-TENG) that can both harvest biomechanical energy and act as a self-powered pressure sensor. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer and bamboo stick layer form the triboelectric layers, and the conductive copper is used as the conductive electrode. According to the results, the output power of B-TENG can achieve the maximum value (about 217.38 μW) and the internal resistance of B-TENG is 40 MΩ. Besides, the B-TENG can realize the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 169.75 V and short-circuit current (Isc) of 3.6 μA, respectively. Furthermore, the B-TENG can also play the role of a self-powered pressure sensor to reflect the change of pressure. We believe this work will promote the development of TENG devices and self-powered sensor.

Study on the Mechanical and Creep Properties of the Bamboo Fiber Under Thermal or Hygro Conditions

ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanical and creep properties of the bamboo fiber under thermal or hygro conditions. Bamboo fibers were extracted mechanically, and then undergone alkali treatment. The bamboo fiber in this study is actually thin bamboo sticks instead of the real bamboo fibers. This bamboo stick will retain the structure of the original. Tensile tests of the bamboo fiber were. The yield and the tensile strength were found to decrease with the increase of the moisture content or temperature. Creep tests of the bamboo fibers were conducted to investigate the viscoelastic behavior. Results show that the strain creep curve can be divided into three stages. In primary creep phase, strain increases at a decreasing rate. The secondary phase exhibits a linear response with time, also called steady-state creep. The tertiary stage is the stage in which strain response almost increases exponentially, resulting in the failure of the fiber. In the creep test, the applied force was maintained 25 N, and the fracture strain was about 0.7%–0.8%. A mathematical constitutive model was constructed to fit the creep curves. The creep fitting curve only includes the primary and secondary phases, and the fitted curve can roughly show the creep behavior of the bamboo fiber.

Characteristic Properties of a Bamboo-Based Board Combined with Bamboo Veneers and Vacuum Heat-Treated Round Bamboo Sticks

In this study, a bamboo stick board with rotary-cut bamboo veneers was successfully fabricated. Additionally, vacuum heat (VH) treatment, which is a popular thermal modification method, was used to modify bamboo sticks. Therefore, the effects of different VH treatment temperatures on the dimensional stability and flexural properties of bamboo stick boards with and without bamboo veneers were investigated. For all boards, as the temperature increased to 220 °C, the thickness change rate and equilibrium moisture content decreased, and the flexural properties increased. The results exhibited that VH treatment improved the dimensional stability and flexural properties of the boards. Furthermore, the board with veneers had lower flexural properties and higher thickness swelling after water absorption than the board without veneers (BSB). The results indicated that bamboo veneer caused low flexural properties and high thickness swelling of the board compared to the BSB. However, the bamboo veneer played an aesthetic role in the appearance of the bamboo stick board.

MobileNetV3 With CBAM for Bamboo Stick Counting

This study aims to solve the problems of inaccurate weighing of bamboo sticks and inefficient manual counting. To overcome this problem, an improved MobileNetV3 model and a counting algorithm suitable for bamboo sticks—combined with a spatial-temporal attention mechanism—are proposed in this paper. Inspired by the idea of EfficientNet, scaling coefficients are used to scale the MobileNetV3 network structure as a whole in terms of width and height. The optimal model for bamboo-stick recognition is screened initially, and then the algorithm uses the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanism to replace the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) attention mechanism in the MobileNetV3 network structure to allow the network to extract features in the two dimensions of channel and space. Since the number of bamboo sticks in a single image is extremely dense—generally around 1000–3000—it is difficult to effectively count them with existing algorithms. The proposed algorithm divides the image into multiple equally sized blocks and then uses the boundary processing algorithm to merge the cut bamboo stick images and count the number of sticks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively perform near real-time detection on a mobile terminal and its accuracy can reach approximately 97%, which is in line with actual production applications.

A Comparative Study of Igbo Traditional Building Finishings; precolonial, colonial and post-colonial

Buildings are cultural expressions of people’s identity as well as their material culture. In recent decades, Igbo traditional architecture has also seen changes in building typology and morphology. It has made a number of architectural claims based on how people perceive modern or traditional or modern contemporary buildings. One of Nigeria’s three main cultural groups, Igbo society can be found in the southeast, south-south, and some areas of the west of the country. Most traditional Igbo buildings from the turn of the century were designed and built with three basic architectural qualities: durability, utility, and beauty (public admiration). These Igbo-speaking states, Anambra, Abia, Imo, Ebonyi, and Enugu are the primary Igbo states in Nigeria. Building finishes in Igbo traditional architecture, despite their aesthetic and cultural value, are beginning to disappear due to the influence of the western style of architecture. This is leading to the loss in the cultural values and the beauty of the original Igbo community architecture. This work intends to compare the building finishings used by the Igbo people in precolonial, colonial and post-colonial eras. The disciplinary area of focus is building finishings in Igbo-speaking areas of Nigeria. The author will be careful with the analytical instruments and tools used. Survey method, Qualitative method and Content analysis will be deployed. Traditional Igbo building finishes observed includes mud (called aja uno or aja oto), bamboo stick (called achara or otosi), timber (called osisi), palm midrib (known as ofolo), timber (known as osisi), thatch (known as akanya, ata, aju, akilika, ejo etc), dye (uli, urie) used for colouring and rope/ strings (elili, udo, ekwele) were being used as fasteners for the joints in place of nails.