Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Research Articles

Bambusa balcooa bamboo-reinforced concrete beams: experimental and FEM investigation for energy-efficient pavement construction.

This study explores the viability of using Bambusa bambos, sourced from Madhya Pradesh, India, as a reinforcement material in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) construction, aiming to assess its potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement. The research encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of physical and mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, and bending strengths, and a detailed microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Bambusa bambos. The study involved finite element analyses that modeled bamboo-reinforced concrete (BRC) beams, exploring the impact of horizontal and vertical placements of bamboo strips on flexural behavior under bending loads. The analysis aided in observing compressive and tensile stresses generated in concrete and bamboo, with specific FEA results indicating that beams with vertically aligned bamboo strips in both the compression (compressive stress of 16.90MPa for beam B1) and tension zones (tensile stress of 7.22MPa for beam B1) withstand flexural stresses effectively. Additionally, the multi-criteria decision-making approach using the TOPSIS method to rank different beam designs. Key findings obtained from FEA indicate that the vertical alignment of bamboo strips in both the compression and tension zones of the beams is optimally effective in handling flexural stresses.

Flexural Behavior of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beam under Variation Condition

Flexural Behavior of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beam under Variation Condition

Performance of the Pivot Hooks to Enhance the Flexural Capacity of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

Performance of the Pivot Hooks to Enhance the Flexural Capacity of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

Performance Prediction of Hybrid Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Gene Expression Programming for Sustainable Construction.

The building and construction industry's demand for steel reinforcement bars has increased with the rapid growth and development in the world. However, steel production contributes to harmful waste and emissions that cause environmental pollution and climate change-related problems. In light of sustainable construction practices, bamboo, a readily accessible and eco-friendly building material, is suggested as a viable replacement for steel rebars. Its cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and considerable tensile strength make it a promising option. In this research, hybrid beams underwent analysis through the use of thoroughly validated finite element models (FEMs), wherein the replacement of steel rebars with bamboo was explored as an alternative reinforcement material. The standard-size beams were subjected to three-point loading using FEMs to study parameters such as the load-deflection response, energy absorption, maximum capacity, and failure patterns. Then, gene expression programming was integrated to aid in developing a more straightforward equation for predicting the flexural strength of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams. The results of this study support the conclusion that the replacement of a portion of flexural steel with bamboo in reinforced concrete beams does not have a detrimental impact on the overall load-bearing capacity and energy absorption of the structure. Furthermore, it may offer a cost-effective and feasible alternative.

Optimizing the Flexural Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Cassava Peel Ash using Response Surface Methodology

The growing concern to reduce global warming has necessitated the use of more eco-friendly materials in construction. The study is focused on the utilization of cassava peel ash as supplementary cementitious material and bamboo as reinforcement in concrete beams. The response surface methodology approach was explored to determine the effect of simultaneously varying the cassava peel ash content, bamboo size, beam length, and beam depth on the flexural strength and strain of beams. An analysis of variance was carried out on experimentally obtained results to determine the accuracy of the obtained models and the contributions made by the linear interaction and quadratic terms on flexural strength and flexural strain. The coefficient of determination obtained for RSM models showed a good correlation between all predicted and experimentally obtained results. The optimum conditions obtained for bamboo-reinforced concrete containing cassava peel ash were 3% cassava peel ash, 16 mm bamboo diameter, 500 mm beam length, and 150 mm beam depth. The predicted flexural strengths were 11.85, 14.34, and 14.95 N/mm2 and flexural strains of 0.64, 0.67, and 0.91 for 28 days, 56 days, and 90 days, respectively. To validate the model prediction, a laboratory experiment was conducted using the optimum mix design proportion. From the results obtained, it was observed that the experimental results were close to those predicted by the models. These models can be efficiently used for simulating the flexural behavior of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-011 Full Text: PDF

Flexural behavior of the untreated plain bamboo reinforced concrete beam under four-point loading

Population growth demands shelter, housing, and other infrastructure for utilities and safety. Daily materials like steel, cement, etc. are becoming more expensive. Engineers must use more common and sustainable building materials due to climate, cost, and natural resource depletion. Bamboo is light and fast-growing and is six times the strength-to-weight ratio of steel. Bamboo’s irregular form may be treated with precision and design. In this experimental study, the Dendrocalamus Strictus bamboo is used for the purpose of investigation to highlight the reinforcement nature of bamboo species and analyze its responses to specific loading conditions. The research compared concrete beams reinforced with Dendrocalamus Strictus bamboo to steel-reinforced concrete beams. Untreated bamboo is wrapped in steel wires for friction. This document discusses bamboo, steel reinforcements, and concrete mix parameters for 14 cm × 15 cm × 110 cm beams. This study work discusses the first crack load, ultimate load, load–deflection, and flexural strength of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete (BRC) beams and Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) beams under four-point loading. BRC’s initial crack load is 19kN. The ultimate load of the BRC beam and RCC beam were equivalent after 14 and 28 days. The BRC beam deflected more than the RCC beam. Bamboo with suitable engineering designs and chemical treatment to reduce water absorption may give superior strength and substitute steel for low-cost homes and shelters.

Load and resistance factor design for bamboo reinforced concrete beam in ultimate flexural limit state

Building sustainable infrastructure brings back the idea of using environmentally friendly materials, such as bamboo, for reinforcing concrete structures. However, a design framework for bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) structures is still in its early stages due to the inherent uncertainties in the properties of bamboo. The present work focuses on developing a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework for BRC beams subjected to flexure. Before developing the design framework, the major variables affecting the behaviour of BRC beams are identified — the tensile properties of bamboo, the compressive properties of concrete, the bond strength between them, and the load. BRC beams, with various reinforcement percentages, are investigated through real-life experiments and finite element (FE) based numerical experiments. We show that the FE models provide good agreement with the real-life experiments if the major variables are chosen as per their descriptive statistics. The FE model is used to generate a synthetic dataset, using which Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The BRC beam is assumed to be governed by the limit state of collapse in flexure. The partial safety factors for bamboo with different dead and live load combinations are calibrated to different target reliability. Designers can make use of the proposed partial safety factors for designing BRC flexural members.

竹筋混凝土梁工作性能研究

竹筋混凝土梁工作性能研究

Performance Evaluation of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam

Abstract—Bamboo, which is a fast-growing and ecologically friendly material for structural applications, is being considered quite appropriate. Which consist property similar to the steel so bamboo drew the attention of many researchers for use as reinforcement in concrete. Some physical and mechanical property test are conducted in the specimen of messy and manga bamboo. Moisture content test, density test, compressive test & tensile test. The tensile strength of bamboo is high and reached up to 109.9 to 118.37 mpa. This makes bamboo a pretty alternative to steel in reinforcement loading applications. In this study, it has been attempted to develop engineered bamboo structural elements for use in low-cost housing or G+1 structures. Keywords—Bamboo Reinforced Concrete, Universal testing machine (UTM), Tensile Strength, Compression Strength, Flexural Strength.

A Review on the Mechanical Behaviour of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

In light of the increasing demand for sustainable building materials, the effectiveness of bamboo utilization in various fields has become the object of scientists’ close attention. The increased interest in bamboo is explained by its sustainable characteristics, which make it the most preferred material for environmentally friendly and costeffective construction compared to conventional ones. Applicability of bamboo is vast and diverse: from decoration and furniture to structural members and reinforcement. Due to the low price, rich resources, and high elasticity, bamboo culms have also been used as an alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Extensive research has been done to assess feasibility of bamboo reinforcement in structural elements made of concrete. This article discusses the mechanical properties of three types of structural bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams. Existing original papers on the mechanical behaviour of structural BRC members were studied, and the fundamental properties including typical failure modes, reasons of failure, load-displacement relationships, and influencing factors were discussed and described. Observations and conclusions of the review will contribute to deep understanding of structural feasibility of BRC beams and serve as a base for future research.

Experimental Strength Evaluation of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

This paper presents the outcome of an experimental investigation of the behavior and strength of reinforced concrete beams with bamboo reinforcement. A total of five beam specimens were tested in flexural under four point (pure bending) loading. A plain concrete beam (B1) served as a control beam. Two specimens (B2 and B3) were longitudinally reinforced with four bamboo culms and steel stirrups. The last two specimens (B4 and B5) had similar longitudinal reinforcement but bamboo pieces were used as shear stirrups. The bamboo culms used in two specimens (B2 & B4) were treated with bitumen along with sprinkling of fine particles of sand to achieve rough surface for better bonding with concrete. The introduction of bamboo reinforcement increased the stiffness, strength, and ductility of beams significantly as compared to the plain concrete beam. The ultimate load carrying capacity of bamboo reinforced concrete beams was found to be 2.49 to 3.29 times that of control beam. The observed ultimate load was 25% and 13% more for specimens with coated reinforcement in case of steel stirrups and bamboo stirrups respectively. The specimen with coated bamboo reinforcementand steel stirrups achieved the highest ultimate load among all specimens.

The Measurement of the Local Slip in Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Moment-Curvature and Bond-Stress

The Measurement of the Local Slip in Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Moment-Curvature and Bond-Stress

The Prediction of Stiffness Reduction Non-Linear Phase in Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

This paper discusses the reduction of the stiffness of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams to support the use of bamboo as an environmentally friendly building material. Calculation of cross-section stiffness in numerical analysis is very important, especially in the non-linear phase. After the initial crack occurs, the stiffness of the cross-section will decrease with increasing load and crack propagation. The calculation of the stiffness in the cross-section of the concrete beam in the non-linear phase is usually approximated by giving a reduction in stiffness. ACI 318-14 provides an alternative, reducing the stiffness of the plastic post-linear beam section through the moment of inertia (I) of the beam section for elastic analysis between 0.50Ig–0.25Ig. This study aims to predict the value of the reduction in the stiffness of the BRC beam section in the non-linear phase through the load-displacement relationship of experimental results validated by the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method. The experiment used 8 BRC beams and one steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beam of singly reinforced with a size of 75 mm × 150 mm × 1100 mm. The beams were tested using a four-point loading method. The analysis results showed that the value of the stiffness reduction in the beam cross-sectional in the non-linear phase ranged from 0.5Ig–0.05Ig for BRC beams, and 0.75Ig–0.40Ig for SRC beams.

Tensile characterisation of bamboo strips for potential use in reinforced concrete members: experimental and numerical study

The usage of bamboo as a replacement for steel reinforcement in concrete is in the early stages of development as bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) members involve a lot more uncertainties than steel-reinforced concrete members. The properties of bamboo vary inter- and intra-species. A prerequisite to developing a rational design of BRC members, therefore, requires two stages—(i) a statistical characterisation of the mechanical properties of bamboo, and (ii) identifying the variables contributing significantly towards the stress-strain/load-displacement behaviour. This paper first experimentally characterizes the longitudinal tensile properties of Bambusa balcoa, a commonly found bamboo species in India. Statistical analysis of the experimental results suggests that most of the mechanical properties follow a lognormal distribution. The elastic modulus is found to have a dominant contribution towards the stress-strain behaviour. A high fidelity finite element model, the results of which are validated with experiments, indicates that only the variation of elastic modulus can capture 92% of the variability in the experimental results. We also create a low-fidelity finite element model using equivalent tensile modulus, which can capture 82% of the variability in the experimental results. Lastly, a finite element model of a BRC beam is created using the low-fidelity finite element model of bamboo. A comparison with the experimental results suggests a good agreement between them.

The Prediction of Stiffness of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Experiment Data and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Stiffness is the main parameter of the beam’s resistance to deformation. Based on advanced research, the stiffness of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams (BRC) tends to be lower than the stiffness of steel-reinforced concrete beams (SRC). However, the advantage of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams has enough good ductility according to the fundamental properties of bamboo, which have high tensile strength and high elastic properties. This study aims to predict and validate the stiffness of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams from the experimental results data using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The number of beam test specimens were 25 pieces with a size of 75 mm × 150 mm × 1100 mm. The testing method uses the four-point method with simple support. The results of the analysis showed the similarity between the stiffness of the beam’s experimental results with the artificial neural network (ANN) analysis results. The similarity rate of the two analyses is around 99% and the percentage of errors is not more than 1%, both for bamboo-reinforced concrete beams (BRC) and steel-reinforced concrete beams (SRC).

Cracked Pattern of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Double Reinforcement with the Strengthening on Tensile Reinforcement

Cracked Pattern of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Double Reinforcement with the Strengthening on Tensile Reinforcement

Flexural Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam with Steel Stirrups

The flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with bamboo was studied experimentally. Bamboo was used as the main reinforcement with different bonding materials in place of steel. A nominal mix of M20 grade concrete was adopted for the beam design. The Bamboo surface was treated with common binding materials like Araldite and Bitumen. Araldite and Bitumen are good binding materials used to connect materials like steel, carbon and many different materials. Two specimens were casted with bitumen coating, two specimens were coated with araldite, two specimens were casted without any binder coating and a specimen was casted using normal steel reinforcement. Beams were casted with bamboo reinforcement and cured for 28 days. Deflection and flexural behavior of the beams were monitored. The test results imply that araldite coating in concrete beams with bamboo reinforcement increased the flexural strength to that of bamboo reinforced concrete using bitumen which is lesser strength to that of steel reinforced concrete beam.

Experimental evaluation of bamboo reinforced concrete beams

The paper presents the experimental study on flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with “bamboo strips”. Total 30 beam specimens were tested under four point bending test (pure bending). Three different types of concrete beams were investigated experimentally. They were concrete beams reinforced with bamboo strips, concrete beams reinforced with conventional steel and concrete beams with no reinforcement. The flexural behaviour of these beams was studied through linear stiffness, ultimate load, energy absorption capacity, shear strength and flexural strength.There are two types of BRC (Bamboo reinforced concrete) beams having both longitudinal as well as shear reinforcement (stirrups) in the form of bamboo strips. First is with 2.8% and second with 3.8% longitudinal bamboo reinforcement with respect to the beam cross section. Analysis and comparison of different performance parameters against RCC (steel reinforced cement concrete) as well as PCC (plain cement concrete) beams is carried out. It is observed that both types of BRC beams have shown significantly higher shear as well as flexural strength than PCC beams.However, BRC beams with 2.8% bamboo reinforcement shown less shear and flexural capacity compared to that of RCC beams. The effect of additional 1% bamboo reinforcement on shear as well as flexural strength can be clearly observed in second type of BRC beam. Failure mode observed in both type of BRC beams were different from that of PCC and RCC beams.

Experimental and numerical analysis of large-scale bamboo-reinforced concrete beams containing crushed sand

Of many fast growing grasses around the world, bamboo has been persistently investigated as a possible reinforcing element in concrete. In addition to the existing knowledge on the subject, this study has performed an experimental and numerical analysis of flexural behaviour of large-scale bamboo-reinforced concrete beams containing crushed sand. The crushed sand was used as complete replacement of natural river sand at 0 and 100%, while bamboo was substituted for steel reinforcement bars at 50 and 100%. Other concrete ingredients cement, granite, and mixing water were kept constant. Curing of hardened beams was by immersion in water for 28, 56, and 84 days’ regimes. Finite element/numerical modelling and analysis of beams was performed using ABAQUS software. A nonlinear model analysis with static loading was considered with a predefined 3D model. The concrete fracture pattern was smeared crack, in the mode I. The results showed that a partial (50%) or total (100%) replacement of steel with bamboo and total replacement of natural river sand with crushed sand gave somewhat similar performance in flexure as the control beams. As expected, steel-reinforced beams were better in terms of strength across all curing regimes; however, members reinforced with 50% bamboo, although with about 14% lesser strength but having minimal deformation and crack propagation, can also be a sustainable alternative for construction. Overall, the results somewhat validate the obtained experimental flexural strength of the beams.

Neural-network-based approach to predict the deflection of plain, steel-reinforced, and bamboo-reinforced concrete beams from experimental data

The necessity of providing low-cost housing to economically weaker sections of society has been recognised by the national government of India. In mountainous areas, the use of locally available construction material, such as bamboo, as concrete reinforcement has increased due its easy availability and economic benefit. However, due to the inadequate codal provisions for the design and detailing of bamboo-reinforced structures, evaluating the serviceability criteria for their deflection behaviour under different loads is difficult. Furthermore, factors such as bond failure between reinforcement and concrete, shrinkage and corrosion of reinforcing material, and uncertainty in material strength make the prediction of deflection even more cumbersome. This study presents an artificial neural network (ANN)-based method modelled using MATLAB for predicting the deflection behaviour of three types of beams, namely plain, steel-reinforced, and bamboo-reinforced beams. Experimental investigation is conducted to record data at regular load increments for the aforementioned three beam typologies fabricated in the laboratory under two-point loading for 28 days. A total of 122 laboratory test data are recorded for modelling the ANN. The used approach involves predicting the relationship among the applied load, tensile strength of the reinforcement, percentage (amount) of reinforcement (taken as input), and deflection of the beam (obtained as output). The present ANN approach exhibits gives satisfactory performance (coefficient of determination $$(R^2) = 0.9983$$ and mean square error = 0.00049) in predicting the deflection behaviour of beams. Hence, the ANN approach can be used as an efficient and robust tool in predicting serviceability behavior of different types of reinforced concrete beams.