Bamboo Diversity Research Articles

The traditional ecological knowledge of the local people of Cijambu Village, Sumedang, Indonesia, on the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of bamboo

Abstract. Ihsan M, Irawan B, Iskandar J. 2024. The traditional ecological knowledge of the local people of Cijambu Village, Sumedang, Indonesia, on the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of bamboo. Biodiversitas 25: 1754-1770. Bamboos have been known to play an important role in the socio-economic, cultural, and ecological benefits of rural people in West Java. However, many bamboo gardens have been converted to other land-use types, including commercial vegetable gardens. The study aimed to record local people's Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in Cijambu, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, regarding the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of ethnobotany and bamboo. The mixed method, combining approaches with an ethnobotanical perspective, was employed in this study through semi-structured and structured interviews with informants. The study results showed a diversity of bamboo landraces with six types of bamboo identified by the community: Awi Tali (Gigantochloa apus), Awi Gombong/Awi Surat (Gigantochloa verticillata), Awi Temen (Gigantochloa atter), Awi Bitung (Dendrocalamus asper), Haur Héjo (Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris), and Haur Konéng (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata). Bamboo has 41 uses: 3 ecological uses, 32 economic uses, and 6 socio-cultural uses. Bamboo management involves maintaining and transforming bamboo gardens into mixed gardens, combining vegetables and coffee plants to increase income. Community conservation efforts involve selective logging to ensure the sustainability and regeneration of bamboo. The conservation process is influenced by cultural beliefs and myths, such as refraining from cutting or taking bamboo on Fridays. Bamboo people believe in Tolak Bala, which uses Haur Konéng bamboo.

DNA barcoding using chloroplast matK and rbcL regions for the identification of bamboo species in Sabah

Bamboo species play pivotal roles in maintaining ecological diversity and driving socio-economic development in Sabah, Malaysia. However, due to overlapping traits among distinct bamboo species, identifying them based solely on morphological characteristics poses challenges. DNA barcoding emerges as a highly effective method, demonstrating potential accuracy in identifying diverse plant species across various taxa and ecosystems. In this study, we used the chloroplast matK and rbcL regions as barcode markers to identify 15 bamboo plants in Sabah. Both matK and rbcL exhibited a notable 100% accuracy at the genus level, indicating their reliability in capturing broader taxonomic categories during BLAST searches and genetic distance analysis. However, at the species level, the success rate was limited to 60%, revealing challenges in differentiating closely related bamboo species using the existing DNA barcodes. Our findings underscore the need for an advanced DNA barcode reference library with extensive species coverage for accurate species identification. This study not only unveiled crucial insights into bamboo diversity and taxonomy in Sabah but also contributes to ongoing bamboo resource conservation and supports sustainable resource management in the region.

Genetic Diversity of Bamboo (Yushinia alpina) Borer Larvae in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya

Bamboo borer larvae have caused major losses of bamboo cover in natural forests and plantations. Lack of information on the fauna of bamboo trees has been cited as the contributing factor to poor management of bamboo stands. Genetic diversity information helps understand the effects of different fauna in guiding management plans. Genetic diversity information has recently become an important tool in conservation science. This paper aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the bamboo borer larvae in the Mau Forest complex in order to generate information that could guide the management and conservation of bamboo trees (Yushinia Alpina) in the Mau Forest Complex. The mitochondrial C oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) of 12 isolates was sequenced and analyzed. A similarity search of the bamboo borer larvae was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST search to identify the larvae species. The genetic diversity and genetic pairwise distances were determined, and Tajimas D and Nei’s FU Fs statistics were calculated to estimate the population expansion that has occurred. The results showed genetic diversity (haplotype diversity 0.956) in the bamboo borer larvae population of the Mau Forest Complex. The nucleotide diversity (0.283) was found to be low. The similarity search showed that the bamboo borer larvae of Yushinia alpina belonged to four (4) species of noctuid larvae (Lepidoptera). The identity matches to the similar species scored an average of 94%. The Tajimas D (0.374) and FUs Fs (5.547) collectively indicated no rare excess mutations in the population. The results reveal high genetic diversity, which is key in the management of forest species

Genetic Diversity of Bamboo (Yushinia alpina) Borer Larvae in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya

Bamboo borer larvae have caused major losses of bamboo cover in natural forests and plantations. Lack of information on the fauna of bamboo trees has been cited as the contributing factor to poor management of bamboo stands. Genetic diversity information helps understand the effects of different fauna in guiding management plans. Genetic diversity information has recently become an important tool in conservation science. This paper aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the bamboo borer larvae in the Mau Forest complex in order to generate information that could guide the management and conservation of bamboo trees (Yushinia Alpina) in the Mau Forest Complex. The mitochondrial C oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) of 12 isolates was sequenced and analyzed. A similarity search of the bamboo borer larvae was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST search to identify the larvae species. The genetic diversity and genetic pairwise distances were determined, and Tajimas D and Nei’s FU Fs statistics were calculated to estimate the population expansion that has occurred. The results showed genetic diversity (haplotype diversity 0.956) in the bamboo borer larvae population of the Mau Forest Complex. The nucleotide diversity (0.283) was found to be low. The similarity search showed that the bamboo borer larvae of Yushinia alpina belonged to four (4) species of noctuid larvae (Lepidoptera). The identity matches to the similar species scored an average of 94%. The Tajimas D (0.374) and FUs Fs (5.547) collectively indicated no rare excess mutations in the population. The results reveal high genetic diversity, which is key in the management of forest species

Bamboo diversity in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract. Ritonga MA, Syamsuardi, Nurainas, Damayanto IPGP. 2023. Bamboo diversity in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2563-2576. Bamboo is an important plant resource in Indonesia, whose inventories were mostly conducted on the main islands. In contrast, the inventory for small islands, such as Weh Island in Northern Sumatra, has never been done. Weh Island, however, is an atoll island that has been raised above sea level and is suspected to have a unique diversity of flora, especially bamboo. This study aimed to understand the diversity of bamboo on Weh Island. Fieldwork was conducted in August-September 2022 in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Bamboo specimens were collected by collecting flora diversity method and deposited in Herbarium Andalas and Herbarium Bogoriense. Morphological characteristics were observed to identify and arrange species descriptions and as a determination key. The spatial distribution of bamboo was analyzed using QGIS software and overlaid with a land cover and altitude map. We also performed a similarities analysis using morphological characteristic. There are eight species of bamboo on Weh Island: Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.f., Bambusa spinosa Roxb., Bambusa tuldoides Munro,Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl., Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, Schizostachyum silicatum Widjaja, and Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble. B. vulgarisis most abundant and widespread on Weh Island; meanwhile, B. multiplexand B. tuldoidesare the least common. The presence of S. silicatum on Weh Island and Bangka Island was additional information on the expansion of these species distributions outside the mainland of Sumatra. Bamboos on Weh Island were found around settlements, plantations, and forests at 1 to 212 m asl. Bamboo species on Weh Island can be clustered into four groups based on their morphological characteristics.

Utilization of bamboo resources and their market value in the western Himalayan region of India

India has the second richest diversity of bamboos, with a wide variety of indigenous and exotic bamboo species. They are found in and around forest and non-forest areas and have immense socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological significance. The various uses of bamboo mean that it is an important non-timber forest product that has multiple roles in the maintenance, development and protection of the environment. The Himalayan region has untapped bamboo resource potential; and this study reviews the existing literature. It is supported by research experience on the bamboo resources of the western Himalaya region of India (mainly focused on distribution, utilization and marketing). The western Himalayas have 14 bamboo species with a scattered to moderate distribution in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Jammu and Kashmir have low bamboo diversity. A survey of the major markets in the western Himalaya revealed that there is a wide range of useful and decorative bamboo products available in the market. Bamboo is an important resource in western Himalaya and an increase in bamboo cultivation and its use could help boost livelihoods while providing a number of environmental benefits.

Conservation strategies for endemic Dendrocalamus manipureanus: A study on genetic diversity and population structure based on molecular and phytochemical markers

Genetic diversity and population structure studies were conducted for the first time on endemic Dendrocalamus manipureanus of Manipur, northeast India, using molecular and phytochemical markers. 15 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 11 start codon targeted (SCoT) primers produced 136 and 91 polymorphic bands, respectively, generating high polymorphism. 10 primers of inter primer binding site (iPBS) markers gave 94 polymorphic bands producing 100% polymorphism. The Mantel test showed no significant correlation between markers indicating the necessity of employing a combination of multiple markers in diversity assessment. Combined marker analysis showed high genetic differentiation among populations (Gst = 0.684) due to low gene flow (Nm = 0.230). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also disclosed high genetic variation (67%) among the population and low diversity (33%) within the populations. BARRIER analysis identified 9 putative genetic barriers separating D. manipureanus populations, affirming the possible hindrance to gene flow. Neighbor-joining dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed the absence of mixed clustering patterns. Bayesian model STRUCTURE analysis grouped D. manipureanus populations into 7 genetic clusters (K = 7) with less admixture. GENELAND further assigned the bamboo genotypes into 9 different genetic pools, confirming a high level of genetic isolation among the populations. The phytochemical examination further validated the molecular diversity studies with a similar bamboo diversity profile generation. The positive correlation between the genetic and phytochemical distance (r = 0.62, P = 0.01) confirmed that the phytochemical investigation could substantiate molecular diversity studies. The measures recommended from the crucial genetic findings might be utilized for genetic improvement and management of the endemic bamboo in the region.

Bamboo Diversity in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia

There is little documentation of bamboo species diversity and distribution in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. This study aimed to provide information on the diversity and distribution of Maluku’s bamboo species. The research was conducted in March‒April 2021 at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), National Research and Innovation Agency. Herbarium specimens of bamboo in BO collected from the Maluku Islands (Provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) were studied alongside online scanned images of herbarium specimens. Bamboo species were re-identified and validated. A literature study was conducted to enrich the data. A distribution map of bamboo species in the Maluku Islands was compiled. Data were analyzed and presented descriptively. We built an identification key for the bamboo species in the Maluku Islands. There are 16 species and eight genera of bamboo in the Maluku Islands: Bambusa glaucophylla, B. maculata, B. multiplex, B. spinosa, B. tuldoides, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atter, G. robusta, Neololeba amahussana, N. atra, Phyllostachys aurea, Racemobambos ceramica, Schizostachyum brachycladum, S. lima, and Thyrsostachys siamensis. These bamboo species were found across Maluku Province (Buru, Ambon, Seram, Kei Kecil, Kei Besar, Yamdena, and Tanimbar) and North Maluku Province (Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, Obi, and Sula) at an altitude of 1‒1100 m above sea level in primary and secondary forests, limestone, peatland edges, city parks, and gardens.

Are Brazilian bamboo species helpful for cognition and memory?

BackgroundBamboo species has been used for centuries in Asian traditional medicine to treat mental disorders resulting from the aging process. Brazil has the greatest diversity of bamboos in the Americas, with a high degree of endemism, but just a few of them has been studied for bioprospecting purposes. PurposeConsidering the previous report on the use of Asian bamboos to treat diseases affecting cognition and memory, a set of Brazilian bamboos species was investigated for similar properties. MethodsLeaves from Olyra glaberrima, Parodiolyra micrantha, Aulonemia aristulata, Filgueirasia arenicola, Filgueirasia cannavieira, and Merostachys pluriflora were investigated to their chemical profiles, free radical scavenging, anticholinesterase properties, toxicological effects on zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), and protective effect on memory impairment assays (scopolamine-induced assay). ResultsBased on HPLC-ESI-MS/MS data, 70 compounds had their putative structures assigned based on analysis of molecular formula and fragmentation pattern. The most abundant compounds were glycosylated flavonoids, followed by terpenoids and soluble sugars. Overall bamboo leaf extracts showed high antioxidant potential. A moderate potential as an inhibitor of the acetylcholinesterase activity was detected for M. pluriflora. The in vivo assays indicated that aqueous extracts at 0.1 mg/ml are not toxic for zebrafish embryos and do not alter the larval exploratory behavior. The extracts from O. glaberrima, P. micrantha, A. aristulata, and F. arenicola increased the cognitive capacity of zebrafish larvae against an aversive stimulus. In adult zebrafish, the extracts from O. glaberrima, F. cannavieira, and M. pluriflora prevented the cognitive deficit induced by scopolamine treatment. ConclusionsAqueous extracts of the six Brazilian bamboo species showed high in vitro antioxidant potential. Some bamboo extracts increased the cognitive capacity of zebrafish larvae in the face of an aversive stimulus. Furthermore, some of them can reduce the memory loss induced by scopolamine in zebrafish adults. Moreover, many substances that were detected in this study had never been described for bamboos. This was the first study with herbaceous bamboo species; it is also the first study that used zebrafish as an experimental model to test bamboo extracts.

Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century

Background: The Neotropical woody bamboos (NWB) comprise a clade native to the Western Hemisphere. Taxonomically the NWB are classified into three subtribes: Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae, and Guaduinae. These woody bamboos are distributed from northern Mexico and the West Indies to south-central Chile and Argentina and from sea level to over 4,000 m in elevation. The most recent comprehensive treatment of the diversity and classification of NWB was published just over 20 years ago, and knowledge of the NWB has greatly increased in the interim.
 Questions and / or Hypotheses: How much has our knowledge of Neotropical woody bamboo diversity, distribution and classification changed in the last 20 years?
 Results: The present work reviews the current state of Neotropical woody bamboo taxonomy and provides 1) new morphological keys (in English and Spanish) to and synoptic descriptions of the NWB genera; 2) an updated comprehensive species list; and 3) a biodiversity analysis by country and habitat type. Neotropical woody bamboo diversity presently totals 446 species in 23 genera. In the 21st century, 103 new species and five genera of NWB have been described.
 Conclusions: The new species and genera described since 2000 have produced an increase in species richness of 29.5 % and a net increase in generic richness of 26.3 %. This new review will be useful for systematists, ecologists, conservation biologists and others working with woody bamboos in the Neotropics.

Bamboo Crafts and Associated Knowledge System of The Karbi Tribe of Assam Plains, North-Eastern India: A Cultural Heritage

Bamboo, one of the precious plant resources of the earth, plays a cardinal role in influencing civilised life patterns in Southern and Eastern Asian countries, where they are found in abundance. It has a long history in people's lives as cultural material. India is the second richest country in the generic bamboo resources after China. In India, bamboo is one of the most important forest species and has a wide distribution throughout the country and contributes to the rural economy. The North-Eastern region of India has a rich diversity of bamboo. It is integral to the life and culture of the ethnic communities of this region. In this area, the usage of bamboo made it an indispensable commodity for the rural people. The Karbi tribe of the Assam State of India has a rich cultural heritage of arts and crafts. They are masters in the skilful tradition of bamboo craft. Bamboo is an indispensable part of their livelihood mostly in food, shelter, household items, basketry, fishing gear, musical instrument, medicine, furniture and other various ethno-religious purposes. Various bamboo craft traditions of the community get the most creative expression through skill and the traditional knowledge of craftsmanship. This knowledge is essentially community-specific and restricted to the community and is accumulated through long interaction with the environment. Nowadays, this craft tradition is on the verge of extinction due to many reasons. Therefore, it is a timely requirement to document this craft tradition associated with the traditional knowledge system and wisdom. The present study has been designed in this context. During the study, standard anthropological methods have been applied. The present paper is based on the authors' empirical findings, and it probes into the cultural heritage of bamboo crafts of the Karbi community, which is governed by traditional knowledge and skills through empiricism. The paper also focuses on the importance and cultural significance of bamboo within the said community. The study also highlights this craft tradition's present scenario and provides recommendations to revive this heritage tradition.

English

Bamboo is of ecological and socio-economic importance in the world. However, knowledge on its potential in climate change mitigation remains superficial in Cameroon. The present study identified bamboo diversity and estimated carbon stocks of the dominant species in Cameroon. Ground truth method and local informants were used for a bamboo species survey in five Agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Twenty-two circular plots of 100 m² each were utilized for biomass and density data collection in AEZ 2, AEZ 3 and AEZ 4. Destructive method was used to collect 5% of culms per plot sampled for bamboo biomass estimation. Culm density and carbon stocks for each bamboo species were extrapolated to hectares. A total of 8 bamboo species were recorded in the inventory. Three dominant bamboo species were identified (Bambusa vulgaris, Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Phyllostachys aurea) in different AEZs. For the three dominant bamboo species, biomass of culm was greater (76-84%), than those of branches (13-19%) and leaves (4-9%). Culm density varied significantly across the different bamboo species, that is, 2296, 4374 and 38017 culm/ha respectively for B. vulgaris, O. abyssinica and P. aurea. Carbon stocks varied from 13.13 tC ha-1 (O. abyssinica); 29.62 tC ha-1 (B. vulgaris) and 67.78 tC ha-1 (P. aurea), with significant variations (P< 0.05) across the different bamboo species. The fast growth rate of bamboo underpins its potential for climate change mitigation and could influence decisions and strategy for the fight against climate change in Cameroon.   Key words: Agro-ecological zone, climate change mitigation, culm density, REDD+ strategy, Cameroon.

Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Bambu Secara Hidrologis, Ekonomis, Sosial dan Pertahanan

Indonesia is one of countries with a relatively high level of biodiversity. One of these biological resources, is bamboo. The existence of bamboo plants in Asia, including Indonesia, is widely used by segments, reeds, midribs, colors and height for various purposes. The writing of this article aims to explain the use of bamboo diversity in a hydrological, economic, social and defense manner in society, as one of the alternative solutions for the utilization of biological resources in Indonesia. The type of data used is literature data in the form of scientific papers or relevant research results. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed: 1) the hydrological function of bamboo provides direct benefits as a conservation plant reducing erosion, preventing landslides, good land cover for water catchments, while indirectly as a support for the population's water needs such as pipes, canals and water containers; 2) the economic function of bamboo helps to support human needs, increase income and open up new economic opportunities such as building construction materials, plaits, concrete bones, ropes, connecting tools, roofs, floors and bridges; 3) The social function of bamboo is to trigger social activities between individuals or community groups, such as the use of bamboo for musical instruments, eye drops, fishing rods, nurseries, rafts and cigarette pipes; and 4) The function of bamboo defense itself is closely related to the history of the Indonesian people, especially as a weapon in the fight against invaders, in addition to the function of bamboo defense itself, namely as a defense field and live and artificial fences.

Bamboos Diversity in Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

A bamboo inventory for Banggai Kepulauan has never been done. Knowledge of the islands’ floristic diversity is poor. This study explored bamboo diversity in Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We conducted fieldwork from June – July 2019 on the islands of Peleng and Bakalan. Bamboo specimens were collected and deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense. We describe these specimens here. We found eight species: Bambusa tuldoides Munro, B. vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl., Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne, Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz, Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, S. lima (Blanco) Merr., and Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble. Here we record information on morphology, habitat and distribution alongside photographs and an identification key to the bamboo species of Banggai Kepulauan.

Culm cell-wall compositions of tribes Bambuseae and Olyreae (subfamily Bambusoideae; Family Poaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Brazil has the greatest diversity of bamboos in the neotropics. This biodiversity is reflected in the diversity of plant architectures, ranging from trees to herbs. As cell walls constitute the main mechanical component of plant tissues and organs, the compositions of these walls may differ depending on the mechanical properties required for different plant life strategies. The present work examines the polysaccharide composition of the culm cell walls of six neotropical bamboo species from different habits and biomes. It also compares the percentage of monosaccharide compositions with other grasses studied as feedstock. The polysaccharide fractions were composed of small amounts of pectin, 1,3;1,4-β-glucans and the main hemicellulose was arabinoxylan, consistent with grasses in other subfamilies. Comparatively, the amount of glucose in the cell wall is higher in sugarcane, followed by bamboo and miscanthus. Different habits are not associated with different cell wall compositions. Tropical bamboo species could be a valuable resource with quite interesting possibilities for biotechnology.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BAMBU DI DESA SARANG BURUNG KOLAM KECAMATAN JAWAI KABUPATEN SAMBAS

Indonesia has 176 species of bamboo which constribute 16% of the world's bamboo species. 60% of bamboo grown in Indonesia is endemic bamboo. The purpose of this study was to record the diversity of bamboo species found in the Sarang Burung Kolam Village, Jawai District, Sambas Regency. The method used double plots laid out according to the presence of growing bamboo roaming with an observation plot area of 20 mx 20 m. Two different genera namely the genus Gigantochloa and Bambusa. Genus Bambusa consists of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex wendl, Bambusa vulgaris var. striata and Bambusa multiplex, Genus Gigantochloa consists of Gigantochloa balui and Gigantochloa atter). Type of bamboo that has the highest INP value is B. vulgaris Schrad. Ex wendl. (114.4599%,) the medium INP value is G. atter (55.4006%) and the lowest INP is B. vulgaris var.striata (3.2603%). Species Diversity Index in Desa Sarang Burung Kolam, Jawai District, Sambas Regency is relatively low.Keyword : Bamboo diversity, Sambas Regency, Sarang Burung Kolam Village

Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring

AbstractBamboos are a diverse and ecologically important group of plants that have the potential to modulate the structure, composition, and function of forests. With the aim of increasing the visibility and representation of bamboo in forest surveys, and to standardize techniques across ecosystems, we present a protocol for bamboo monitoring in permanent research plots. A bamboo protocol is necessary because measurements and sampling schemes that are well‐suited to trees are inadequate for monitoring most bamboo species and populations. Our protocol suggests counting all bamboo culms (stems) in the study plot and determining bamboo dimensions based on two different approaches: (a) measuring a random subset of 60 culms and calculating the average dimensions or (b) measuring all culms. With data from 1‐ha plots in the Peruvian Andes, we show that both approaches provide very similar estimates of bamboo basal area. We suggest including all mature culms rooted inside change the to each plot from all woody bamboo species with maximum diameters ≥1 cm. We also present recommendations on how to collect vouchers of bamboo species for identification. Data collected according to our proposed protocols will increase our understanding of regional and global patterns in bamboo diversity and the role of bamboo in forest dynamics.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BAMBU DI KAWASAN KEBUN RAYA SAMBAS KECAMATAN SUBAH KABUPATEN SAMBAS PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Bamboo is one of the results of a non-timber forest that grows in the secondary forest and open forest, and can even be found in Sambas Botanical garden area. The purpose of this research is to determine the value of the diversity of bamboo in the area of Sambas Botanical Garden, Subah subdistrict, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. This research was conducted in Sambas Botanical Garden, starting from 09 July 2019 until 27 July 2019 then continued by analysis of data. The collection of bamboo data at the research site is conducted by the survey method and performed purposive sampling with a plot laying of research samples using a double tile, with the size of each tile example 10 m x 10 m. Results showed in the Sambas Botanical Garden 5 species of bamboo had been found consisting of 3 different genera namely Bambu Tali (Gigantochloa hasskarliana Kurz.), Bambu Lemang (Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz.), Bambu Tamiang (Schizostachyum latifolium), Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. Bamboo, and Bambu Merambat (Dinochloa sp.). Important Values Index of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 77.3251%, 47.0843%; 31.6900%; 24.4437%; and 19.1943% respectively. Dominancy index of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 0.1647; 0.0680; 0.0254; 0.0076; and 0.0076 respectively. Index diversity species (H ') of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 0.1589; 0.1522; 0.1271; 0.0922; and 0.0922 respectively. All species of bamboo found in this research have a value of H ' ˂ 1 then all species of bamboo were categorized as low value of species diversity.Keywords: Bamboo, Diversity, Sambas Botanical Garden

Bio-prospecting bamboo collection in purwodadi botanic gardens

The utilization of biodiversity can be classified according to several categories, including consumptive values, productive values, existence values, ecological values. Indonesia has a high diversity of bamboo. Bamboo is one of the plants that has an important role in Indonesia and other tropical countries. Almost every part of a bamboo plant has certain uses. This research was conducted in order to analyze the value of uses (bioprospect) of bamboo collections at Purwodadi Botanical Gardens. The study was conducted in January-February 2019. The research method was carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews with surrounding communities and identifying bamboo data in the collection as well as in the Registration Unit of Purwodadi Botanical Gardens. The results showed that there were 39 types of bamboo belonging to ten (10) genera in the Purwodadi Botanical Garden. The ten genera of bamboo include: (1) Bambusa, (2) Denderocalamus, (3) Dinochloa, (4) Fimbribambusa, (5) Gigantochloa, (6) Neololeba, (7) Scizostachyum, (8) Thyrsostachys, (9) Phylostachys, and (10) Pinga. Bamboo bioprospection analysis is done by Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) or cultural importance index. The highest cultural importance index (ICS) value of bamboo in Purwodadi Botanical Garden, indicated by Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus asper) with an index value of 194 and smallest 107 by Bambusa balcoa

Bamboo diversity of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Ervianti D, Widjaja EA, Sedayu A. 2019. Bamboo diversity of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 91-109. Bamboo is one of the important plants in the world. Beside their economic important, bamboo also plays an important role in the environment for climate change. The purpose of this study was to inventory the bamboo diversity in Sulawesi. The methodology used in this study is by observing herbarium specimens kept in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and field experience by the second author (EAW). The result showed that there are 39 species of 12 genera in Sulawesi, i.e. Bambusa blumeana, B. glaucophylla, B. maculata, B. multiplex, B. tuldoides, B. vulgaris, Chloothamnus sp., Dendrocalamus asper, Dinochloa albociliata, D. aopaensis, D. barbata D. cordata, D. erecta, D. hirsuta, D. morowaliensis, D. petasiensis, D. pubiramea , D. truncata, Dinochloa sp.1, Dinochloa sp.2, Dinochloa sp.3, Dinochloa sp.4, Dinochloa sp.5, Dinochloa sp.6, Dinochloa sp.7, Dinochloa sp.8, Dinochloa sp.9, Fimbribambusa sp., Gigantochloa apus, G. atroviolacea, G. atter, Neololeba atra, Phyllostachys aurea, Racemobambos celebica, Schizostachyum brachycladum, S. latifolium, S. lima, Sphaerobambos subtilis, and Thyrsostachys siamensis. Identification keys and descriptions are presented. This data reported will be used as basic information for bamboo conservation and bamboo industry.