Ballistic Rocket Research Articles

Residual classes based mathematical model of the computer system's reliability

It is also known, and it is practically shown that the use of a unposition number system in residual classes (RNS) allows you to drastically increase the speed of the computer system (CS). There are various approaches and difficulties regarding to the assessment of the reliability of the CS in RNS. So, the existing options of mathematical models do not always satisfy a comprehensive assessment of the reliability of the CS in RNS. The variant of mathematical model of reliability of CS, that functions in RNS, is considered in the article, based on the use of a mathematical model of structural sliding backup in the case of a loaded mode of operation of the backup elements, which is used in the positional binary number system (PBNS). A calculation and comparative security of the trooped computing structure (TCS) analysis was carried out in PBNS with an ideal majority element and the CS in RNS with an ideal reliability machine. The results of analysis showed the following. At the initial stage of the functioning of computational systems, reliability, by probability of trouble-free operation, the CS in RNS with two control bases above the reliability of the trooked positional computing structure, widely used in the PDS and with a smaller addition of an additional equipment insertion. It supposes the effective use of RNS for the increase of reliability of CS and computing devices on the initial stage of their functioning. For example, for the increase of reliability the practical use of unposition code structures is possible in RNS in the side digital calculable complexes of ballistic rockets and in the computing devices of pilotless aircrafts of brief action.

Gravitational Force-Induced 3D Chromosomal Conformational Changes Are Associated with Rapid Transcriptional Response in Human T Cells.

The mechanisms underlying gravity perception in mammalian cells are unknown. We have recently discovered that the transcriptome of cells in the immune system, which is the most affected system during a spaceflight, responds rapidly and broadly to altered gravity. To pinpoint potential underlying mechanisms, we compared gene expression and three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal conformational changes in human Jurkat T cells during the short-term gravitational changes in parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket flight experiments. We found that differential gene expression in gravity-responsive chromosomal regions, but not differentially regulated single genes, are highly conserved between different real altered gravity comparisons. These coupled gene expression effects in chromosomal regions could be explained by underlying chromatin structures. Based on a high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis in altered gravity, we found that small chromosomes (chr16–22, with the exception of chr18) showed increased intra- and interchromosomal interactions in altered gravity, whereby large chromosomes showed decreased interactions. Finally, we detected a nonrandom overlap between Hi-C-identified chromosomal interacting regions and gravity-responsive chromosomal regions (GRCRs). We therefore demonstrate the first evidence that gravitational force-induced 3D chromosomal conformational changes are associated with rapid transcriptional response in human T cells. We propose a general model of cellular sensitivity to gravitational forces, where gravitational forces acting on the cellular membrane are rapidly and mechanically transduced through the cytoskeleton into the nucleus, moving chromosome territories to new conformation states and their genes into more expressive or repressive environments, finally resulting in region-specific differential gene expression.

A comprehensive approach to predict a rocket's impact with stochastic estimators and artificial neural networks

One of the current ways to continue space research is to launch ballistic rockets that carry scientific payloads. To improve the accuracy of the instantaneous evolution of the payload impact on the Earths surface, it is necessary to estimate indirect measures more efficiently. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to determine the impact point prediction of ballistic rocket payloads. This approach combines tracking algorithms that are based on stochastic estimators with artificial neural network (ANN) models. Four existing stochastic estimators, namely a recursive Kalman filter (RKF), an extended Kalman filter (EKF), an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and a particle filter (PF) are compared with four proposed stochastic estimators. These include a recursive Kalman filter aided by an ANN (RKFN), an extended Kalman filter aided by an ANN (EKFN), an unscented Kalman filter aided by an ANN (UKFN), and a particle filter aided by an ANN (PFN). This study shows that the results that are obtained through the proposed tracking algorithms RKFN, EKFN, UKFN, and PFN are better than those of the existing tracking algorithms RKF, EKF, UKF, and PF. The proposed estimators can be efficient low-cost tools to mitigate inaccuracies during tracking up to the payload's impact.

A simplified computational method for two-body high spinning rate vehicles

Simulation of aerospace high spinning rate vehicles is an enormous challenge for model engineers. It requires the use of a big amount of computational resources to integrate the main body rotation dynamics together with the rest of the spinning bodies and the translational movement. Note that there is a need for reducing the time step to at least the period of rotation bodies to reliably capture dynamics. However, the utility of rotational attitude for two or more body aircraft is usually low for the development of control laws and its estimation may burden the process. This paper presents a novel approach which simplifies the modeling of axisymmetric high spinning rate aerospace vehicles where the preferential rotation direction matches the symmetry axis, such as ballistic rockets and dual-spin stabilized satellites. This approach, which allows the use of reduced computational resources for development purposes, may also foster the possibility of processing and estimating trajectories on board using low-cost devices. Two simulation models are developed in Matlab-Simulink in order to test and validate the proposed methodology. The first one is based on traditional models for spinning bodies while the second one features the proposed approach. A set of non-linear six degrees of freedom simulations has been performed for the two models. The comparison of the obtained results show the out-performance of the proposed approach.

Rapid Cellular Perception of Gravitational Forces in Human Jurkat T Cells and Transduction into Gene Expression Regulation.

Cellular processes are influenced in many ways by changes in gravitational force. In previous studies, we were able to demonstrate, in various cellular systems and research platforms that reactions and adaptation processes occur very rapidly after the onset of altered gravity. In this study we systematically compared differentially expressed gene transcript clusters (TCs) in human Jurkat T cells in microgravity provided by a suborbital ballistic rocket with vector-averaged gravity (vag) provided by a 2D clinostat. Additionally, we included 9× g centrifuge experiments and rigorous controls for excluding other factors of influence than gravity. We found that 11 TCs were significantly altered in 5 min of flight-induced and vector-averaged gravity. Among the annotated clusters were G3BP1, KPNB1, NUDT3, SFT2D2, and POMK. Our results revealed that less than 1% of all examined TCs show the same response in vag and flight-induced microgravity, while 38% of differentially regulated TCs identified during the hypergravity phase of the suborbital ballistic rocket flight could be verified with a 9× g ground centrifuge. In the 2D clinostat system, doing one full rotation per second, vector effects of the gravitational force are only nullified if the sensing mechanism requires 1 s or longer. Due to the fact that vag with an integration period of 1 s was not able to reproduce the results obtained in flight-induced microgravity, we conclude that the initial trigger of gene expression response to microgravity requires less than 1 s reaction time. Additionally, we discovered extensive gene expression differences caused by simple handling of the cell suspension in control experiments, which underlines the need for rigorous standardization regarding mechanical forces during cell culture experiments in general.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF THE DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE. PART 50: ROCKET-SPACE TECHNOLOGY DESIGNER WERNHER VON BRAUN AND HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN MISSILE DESIGN

Purpose . Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about the distinguished designer of domestic |space-rocket technique and one of basic creators of missiles for a Soviet rocket-nuclear «shield» Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, regarding becoming and development in the USSR of space-rocket technique of the military and peaceful applications and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports. Results. A short scientifically-historical essay is resulted about the distinguished Soviet designer of space-rocket technique of M.K. Yangel, becoming one of creators of domestic strategic rocket-nuclear «shield». Basic scientific and technical achievements of talented and purposeful scientist-mechanic M.K. Yangel are described, becoming in 1954 Head and Chief Designer of the Special Designer Bureau No. 586 (SDB-586, Dnepropetrovsk city), in area of development and creation of powerful battle ballistic rockets of the strategic applications and missiles for the peaceful mastering of space. It is shown that under scientific guidance of the Chief Designer of SDB-586 (in 1966 it began to be named DB «Southern») M.K. Yangel in the USSR were developed and accepted on the armament of rocket strategic armies the Soviet army: battle strategic rockets of the first generation (rockets with military indexes 8K63, 8K65 and 8K64); battle intercontinents ballistic rockets (ICBR) of the second (rockets with military indexes 8K67, 8K69 and 8К67П) and the third (rockets with military indexes 15A14 ( on terminology of NATO SS-18 «Satan»), 15A15, 15A16 and 15A18) generations. At creation in the USSR of battle ICBR of the fourth generation (rockets with the military indexes of 15А18М, 15Ж60 and 15Ж61) the ideas of M.K. Yangel were applied. These battle ICBR provided in the period of the «Cold War» for the USSR a party in the world race of strategic rocket-nuclear armaments. Powerful domestic missiles are «Space-1», «Space-2», «Cyclone-2» and «Cyclone-3», created at SDB-586 (DB «Southern») under the guidance of M.K. Yangel on the base of the indicated battle ICBR, executed the tasks laid on them in area of the peaceful mastering of space. Originality. Certain systematization is executed known from mass of scientific and technical materials media, regarding becoming and development in the USSR of rocket industry, having an important military-strategic and civil value. First for a wide reader the concrete contribution of SDB-586 (DB «Southern»), headed in the period of 1954-1971 by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR M.K. Yangel is exposed in the concentrated kind, in creation of powerful Soviet battle ICBR, making in the period of 1959-1991 basis of rocket-nuclear «shield» of the USSR. Practical value. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineering-technical and scientific workers of physical-technical knowledge in area of history of becoming and development in the former USSR of military and peaceful rocket production, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Rapid Morphological and Cytoskeletal Response to Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages.

The FLUMIAS (Fluorescence-Microscopic Analyses System for Life-Cell-Imaging in Space) confocal laser spinning disk fluorescence microscope represents a new imaging capability for live cell imaging experiments on suborbital ballistic rocket missions. During the second pioneer mission of this microscope system on the TEXUS-54 suborbital rocket flight, we developed and performed a live imaging experiment with primary human macrophages. We simultaneously imaged four different cellular structures (nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, actin cytoskeleton) by using four different live cell dyes (Nuclear Violet, Calcein, LysoBrite, SiR-actin) and laser wavelengths (405, 488, 561, and 642 nm), and investigated the cellular morphology in microgravity (10−4 to 10−5 g) over a period of about six minutes compared to 1 g controls. For live imaging of the cytoskeleton during spaceflight, we combined confocal laser microscopy with the SiR-actin probe, a fluorogenic silicon-rhodamine (SiR) conjugated jasplakinolide probe that binds to F-actin and displays minimal toxicity. We determined changes in 3D cell volume and surface, nuclear volume and in the actin cytoskeleton, which responded rapidly to the microgravity environment with a significant reduction of SiR-actin fluorescence after 4–19 s microgravity, and adapted subsequently until 126–151 s microgravity. We conclude that microgravity induces geometric cellular changes and rapid response and adaptation of the potential gravity-transducing cytoskeleton in primary human macrophages.

Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity.

Immune system deterioration in space represents a major risk, which has to be mitigated for exploration-class missions into the solar system. Altered gravitational forces have been shown to regulate adaptation processes in cells of the immune system, which are important for appropriate risk management, monitoring and development of countermeasures. T lymphocytes and cells of the monocyte-macrophage system are highly migratory cell types that frequently encounter a wide range of oxygen tensions in human tissues and in hypoxic areas, even under homeostatic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 (HIF’s) might have an important role in activation of T cells and cells of the monocyte-macrophages system. Thus, we investigated the regulation of HIF-dependent and, therefore, hypoxia-signaling systems in both cell types in altered gravity and performed transcript and protein analysis from parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments. We found that HIF-1α and HIF-1-dependent transcripts were differently regulated in altered gravity, whereas HIF-1α-dependent gene expression adapted after 5 min microgravity. Inter-platform comparisons identified PDK1 as highly responsive to gravitational changes in human U937 myelomonocytic cells and in Jurkat T cells. We suggest HIF-1 as a potential pharmacological target for counteracting immune system deterioration during space flight.

Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity.

Whereby several types of cultured cells are sensitive to gravity, the immune system belongs to the most affected systems during spaceflight. Since reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are serving as signals of cellular homeostasis, particularly in the cells of the immune system, we investigated the immediate effect of altered gravity on the transcription of 86 genes involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism, antioxidative systems, and cellular response to oxidative stress, using parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments and microarray analysis. In human myelomonocytic U937 cells, we detected a rapid response of 19.8% of all of the investigated oxidative stress-related transcripts to 1.8 g of hypergravity and 1.1% to microgravity as early as after 20 s. Nearly all (97.2%) of the initially altered transcripts adapted after 75 s of hypergravity (max. 13.5 g), and 100% adapted after 5 min of microgravity. After the almost complete adaptation of initially altered transcripts, a significant second pool of differentially expressed transcripts appeared. In contrast, we detected nearly no response of oxidative stress-related transcripts in human Jurkat T cells to altered gravity. In conclusion, we assume a very well-regulated homeostasis and transcriptional stability of oxidative stress-related pathways in altered gravity in cells of the human immune system.

GNSS/IMU laser quadrant detector hybridization techniques for artillery rocket guidance

Enhancing precision has been the essential goal for ballistic rockets since the beginnings of this aircraft class. In the past, ballistic rockets impact point precision deteriorated at the same time as range was extended, specially for those rockets which were nonpropelled and nonguided amid the greater part of their trajectories. Once that inertial and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation and guidance systems were introduced, precision was unlinked from range increments. The fundamental issue for these inertial and GNSS strategies (hybridized or not) is the enormous errors on attitude and position determination during last phases of flight as the movement is governed by aerodynamic forces and moments, which feature a deeply nonlinear character. Choosing another kind of low-cost sensors, independent of accumulative errors and precise on terminal guidance, for example, quadrant photodetector semi-active laser, is crucially essential. Hybridization of nonlinear algorithms, such as extended Kalman filter, joining measurements from sensors such as GNSS, inertial measurement units and photodetectors are described in this paper to be utilized on modified proportional navigation techniques and novel control methods. The results are tested on rocket nonlinear flight simulations in order to prove the accuracy of proposed algorithms.

Acceleration methods for multi-physics compressible flow

In this work we investigate the Runge–Kutta (RK)/Implicit smoother scheme as a convergence accelerator for complex multi-physics flow problems including turbulent, reactive and also two-phase flows. The flows considered are subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows in complex geometries, and also can be either steady or unsteady flows. All of these problems are considered to be a very stiff.We then introduce an acceleration method for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. We start with the multigrid method for pure subsonic flow, including reactive flows. We then add the Rossow–Swanson–Turkel RK/Implicit smoother that enables performing all these complex flow simulations with a reasonable CFL number. We next discuss the RK/Implicit smoother for time dependent problem and also for low Mach numbers. The preconditioner includes an intrinsic low Mach number treatment inside the smoother operator. We also develop a modified Roe scheme with a corresponding flux Jacobian matrix. We then give the extension of the method for real gas and reactive flow. Reactive flows are governed by a system of inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with very stiff source terms. The extension of the RK/Implicit smoother requires an approximation of the source term Jacobian. The properties of the Jacobian are very important for the stability of the method. We discuss what the chemical physics theory of chemical kinetics tells about the mathematical properties of the Jacobian matrix. We focus on the implication of the Le-Chatelier's principle on the sign of the diagonal entries of the Jacobian. We present the implementation of the method for turbulent flow. We use a two RANS turbulent model – one equation model – Spalart–Allmaras and a two-equation model – k–ω SST model. The last extension is for two-phase flows with a gas as a main phase and Eulerian representation of a dispersed particles phase (EDP). We present some examples for such flow computations inside a ballistic evaluation rocket motor.The numerical examples in this work include transonic flow about a RAE2822 airfoil, about a M6 Onera wing, NACA0012 airfoil at very low Mach number, two-phase flow inside a Ballistic evaluation motor (BEM), a turbulent reactive shear layer and a time dependent Sod's tube problem.

Stability of gene expression in human T cells in different gravity environments is clustered in chromosomal region 11p15.4

In the last decades, a plethora of in vitro studies with living human cells contributed a vast amount of knowledge about cellular and molecular effects of microgravity. Previous studies focused mostly on the identification of gravity-responsive genes, whereas a multi-platform analysis at an integrative level, which specifically evaluates the extent and robustness of transcriptional response to an altered gravity environment was not performed so far. Therefore, we investigated the stability of gene expression response in non-activated human Jurkat T lymphocytic cells in different gravity environments through the combination of parabolic flights with a suborbital ballistic rocket and 2D clinostat and centrifuge experiments, using strict controls for excluding all possible other factors of influence. We revealed an overall high stability of gene expression in microgravity and identified olfactory gene expression in the chromosomal region 11p15.4 as particularly robust to altered gravity. We identified that classical reference genes ABCA5, GAPDH, HPRT1, PLA2G4A, and RPL13A were stably expressed in all tested gravity conditions and platforms, while ABCA5 and GAPDH were also known to be stably expressed in U937 cells in all gravity conditions. In summary, 10–20% of all transcripts remained totally unchanged in any gravitational environment tested (between 10−4 and 9 g), 20–40% remained unchanged in microgravity (between 10−4 and 10−2 g) and 97–99% were not significantly altered in microgravity if strict exclusion criteria were applied. Therefore, we suppose a high stability of gene expression in microgravity. Comparison with other stressors suggests that microgravity alters gene expression homeostasis not stronger than other environmental factors.

Dynamic gene expression response to altered gravity in human T cells

We investigated the dynamics of immediate and initial gene expression response to different gravitational environments in human Jurkat T lymphocytic cells and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. We used the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 containing 44,699 protein coding genes and 22,829 non-protein coding genes and performed the experiments during a parabolic flight and a suborbital ballistic rocket mission to cross-validate gravity-regulated gene expression through independent research platforms and different sets of control experiments to exclude other factors than alteration of gravity. We found that gene expression in human T cells rapidly responded to altered gravity in the time frame of 20 s and 5 min. The initial response to microgravity involved mostly regulatory RNAs. We identified three gravity-regulated genes which could be cross-validated in both completely independent experiment missions: ATP6V1A/D, a vacuolar H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) responsible for acidification during bone resorption, IGHD3-3/IGHD3-10, diversity genes of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus participating in V(D)J recombination, and LINC00837, a long intergenic non-protein coding RNA. Due to the extensive and rapid alteration of gene expression associated with regulatory RNAs, we conclude that human cells are equipped with a robust and efficient adaptation potential when challenged with altered gravitational environments.

Mesospheric plasma irregularities caused by the missile destruction on 9 December 2009

AbstractOn 9 December 2009 at about 07 UT a solid propellant 36.8 t ballistic rocket was self‐destroyed at an altitude of 170–260 km, at a distance of about 500 km to the east of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO, 67°22′N, 26°38′E, Finland). After 2–3 h the SGO meteor radar (operating at a frequency 36.9 MHz) received unusual echoes, which indicate turbulence of ionospheric plasma (irregularities of electron density) with a temporal scale on the order of 0.1 s and a spatial scale of a few to tens of meters. The turbulence occurred at a height of about 80 km and was localized in several areas of about 60 km in horizontal scale. Line‐of‐sight velocity of the irregularities was up to a few tens of meters per second toward the radar. The event occurred in the winter high‐latitude mesosphere during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. Aerosol particles caused by the missile explosion played a key role in producing the electron density irregularities. As a possible explanation, we suggest that sedimented by gravity and, hence, moving with respect to the air, charged aerosol particles (presumably composed of aluminum oxide) might produce meter‐scale irregularities (electrostatic waves) via dissipative instability, which is a mechanism analogous to that of the resistive beam‐plasma instability.

An Outlook on Rotordynamic Pump Theory Development

ECHO progress was defined to depict the rotordynamic pump theory development. Experience (E) era for pumps lasted nearly one and a half hundred years before the Industrial Revolution due to the low rotation speed of motor and undeveloped manufacture ability. Classic (C) theory referring to quasi-static performance as well as the items those were not able to be steadily resolved under the level were briefly and sophisticated outlined. Since 1962, flow instabilities and the dynamic responses had come into main attention with the development of the modern technologies such as ballistic missile, rocket and space shuttle main engine, and were finally heuristically (H) elucidated by talented scholars and researchers. Recently, new applications for the pumps open (O) to the surrounding fluid and diversity of the medium such as multiphase flow need more studies and some examples were briefly introduced to display the potential problems lastly.

Russian

Russian

A high-flux BEC source for mobile atom interferometers

Quantum sensors based on coherent matter-waves are precise measurement devices whose ultimate accuracy is achieved with Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in extended free fall. This is ideally realized in microgravity environments such as drop towers, ballistic rockets and space platforms. However, the transition from lab-based BEC machines to robust and mobile sources with comparable performance is a challenging endeavor. Here we report on the realization of a miniaturized setup, generating a flux of quantum degenerate 87Rb atoms every 1.6 s. Ensembles of atoms can be produced at a 1 Hz rate. This is achieved by loading a cold atomic beam directly into a multi-layer atom chip that is designed for efficient transfer from laser-cooled to magnetically trapped clouds. The attained flux of degenerate atoms is on par with current lab-based BEC experiments while offering significantly higher repetition rates. Additionally, the flux is approaching those of current interferometers employing Raman-type velocity selection of laser-cooled atoms. The compact and robust design allows for mobile operation in a variety of demanding environments and paves the way for transportable high-precision quantum sensors.

Functional activity of plasmid DNA after entry into the atmosphere of earth investigated by a new biomarker stability assay for ballistic spaceflight experiments.

Sounding rockets represent an excellent platform for testing the influence of space conditions during the passage of Earth's atmosphere and re-entry on biological, physical and chemical experiments for astrobiological purposes. We designed a robust functionality biomarker assay to analyze the biological effects of suborbital spaceflights prevailing during ballistic rocket flights. During the TEXUS-49 rocket mission in March 2011, artificial plasmid DNA carrying a fluorescent marker (enhanced green fluorescent protein: EGFP) and an antibiotic resistance cassette (kanamycin/neomycin) was attached on different positions of rocket exterior; (i) circular every 90 degree on the outer surface concentrical of the payload, (ii) in the grooves of screw heads located in between the surface application sites, and (iii) on the surface of the bottom side of the payload. Temperature measurements showed two major peaks at 118 and 130°C during the 780 seconds lasting flight on the inside of the recovery module, while outer gas temperatures of more than 1000°C were estimated on the sample application locations. Directly after retrieval and return transport of the payload, the plasmid DNA samples were recovered. Subsequent analyses showed that DNA could be recovered from all application sites with a maximum of 53% in the grooves of the screw heads. We could further show that up to 35% of DNA retained its full biological function, i.e., mediating antibiotic resistance in bacteria and fluorescent marker expression in eukariotic cells. These experiments show that our plasmid DNA biomarker assay is suitable to characterize the environmental conditions affecting DNA during an atmospheric transit and the re-entry and constitute the first report of the stability of DNA during hypervelocity atmospheric transit indicating that sounding rocket flights can be used to model the high-speed atmospheric entry of organics-laden artificial meteorites.

Research on Attitude Measurement for Ballistic Correction Rocket

Ballistic correction rocket is a kind of smart ammunition which can attach aims exactly. Based on domestic and foreign literature, the technology of flight attitude measurement technology was summarized. The process of the research includes independently inertial measurement unit and inertial navigation system. The previous stage is the measurement technology only depend on a navigation equipment, such as accelerometer, Gyro or electromagnetic sensors etc, the latter means combinations of several measurement units, on the basis of complementary advantages in performance to improve computing accuracy each other. Based on the measurement technology was analyzed and compared, configuration, merit and demerits of multi accelerometer were discussed in detail. The paper prospected the future development of this technology finally.

Research on Attitude Measurement for Ballistic Correction Rocket

Research on Attitude Measurement for Ballistic Correction Rocket