Exchange Balance Research Articles

Numerical Thermo-Hydraulic Simulation of Infiltration and Evaporation of Small-Scale Replica of Typical Dike Covers

Measurements taken on a historical dike in the Netherlands over one year showed that interaction with the atmosphere led to oscillation of the piezometric surface of about 0.7 m. The observation raised concerns about the long-term performance of similar dikes and promoted a deeper investigation of the response of the cover layer to increasing climatic stresses. An experimental and numerical study was undertaken, which included an investigation in the laboratory of the unsaturated behavior of a scaled replica of the field cover. A sample extracted from the top clayey layer in the dike was subjected to eight drying and wetting cycles in a HYPROP™ device. Data recorded during the test provide an indication of the delayed response with depth during evaporation and infiltration. The measurements taken during this continuous dynamic process were simulated by means of a finite element discretization of the time-dependent coupled thermohydraulic response. The results of the numerical simulations are affected by the way in which the environmental loads are translated into numerical boundary conditions. Here, it was chosen to model drying considering only the transport of water vapor after equilibrium with the room atmosphere, while water in the liquid phase was added upon wetting. The simulation was able to reproduce the water mass balance exchange observed during four complete drying–wetting cycles, although the simulated drying rate was faster than the observed one. The numerical curves describing suction, the amount of vapor and temperature are identical, confirming that vapor generation and its equilibrium is control the hydraulic response of the material. Vapor generation and diffusion depend on temperature; therefore, correct characterization of the thermal properties of the soil is of paramount importance when dealing with evaporation and related non-steady equilibrium states.

La centralidad de los abordajes educativos en los trabajos colaborativos de la arqueología con comunidades tradicionales en la Amazonía brasileña (2017-2022)

This article explores the significance of educational approaches in collaborative archaeology projects with traditional communities in the Brazilian Amazon. From 2017 to 2022, we worked with riverside populations in Sustainable Use Conservation Units along the mid-Solimões River in Amazonas. Through this collaboration, we identified a local system of mutual aid among families, which relates to the communities’ pursuit of autonomy since the 1980s. The research was conducted through a technical-scientific cooperation agreement between the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at the University of São Paulo (MAE-USP) and the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM), with financial support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation from 2017 to 2019. All work was approved by the IDSM Ethics and Research Committee. Our goal was to engage schools, teachers, and students with archaeology by developing educational activities. We used heritage education methodologies and active listening techniques, informed by archaeological ethnography and oral history, to incorporate local knowledge into our research. The study involved collaboration with community leaders, artisans, teachers, and elders. This context calls for collaborative archaeological practices that seek mutual benefits and deepen the understanding of material culture and historical timelines. Educational initiatives play a crucial role in scientific work, fostering balanced exchanges between archaeological and community perspectives, additionally contributing to the production of more differences based on the notion of kinship.

The Reciprocity of Intergenerational Support and Self-rated Health Among Chinese Older Adults

To move beyond the focus on individual types of support, we examined the overall reciprocity of support between older adults and their adult children. Drawing on the theory of esteem enhancement, we hypothesized that the under benefited older adults, defined as older adults whose support provided is larger than support received in intergenerational relationships, may have better health conditions than those with a more or less balanced exchange of support. To test the hypothesis, we examined the relationship between the reciprocity of intergenerational support and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults in China. We also investigated the moderating role of gender in this relationship. Using data collected from 832 older adults in Wuhan, China, we found that compared to those with a balanced level of reciprocal support in the intergenerational relationship, older adults who were under benefited from the intergenerational support had better SRH. This finding is in line with the esteem enhancement theory. We also found that gender moderated the association between the reciprocity of intergenerational support and SRH. Specifically, older women who under benefit from the support had better SRH than older women with a balanced level of reciprocal support. In contrast, older men who under benefit from the support had worse SRH than older men with a balanced level of reciprocal support. This finding highlights the necessity of constructing social psychological frameworks that are attuned to gender variations for a more comprehensive comprehension of health and health-related behaviors among older adults in China.

Analyzing Exchange Rate Effects on Trade: Empirical Evidence

In this study, we aimed to find a fair exchange rate for Egypt, exploring how exchange rate policies affect the country’s economic growth and food security. We also sought to answer an important question for Egyptian policymakers: “Do current exchange rate policies help reduce Egypt’s trade deficit?”. We used two methods in our research: First, we applied the purchasing power parity (PPP) method to determine the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER). Then, we combined the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) with the ERER value from the PPP method to observe how different sectors interact with the overall economy and understand how household incomes and poverty levels are related. Our findings showed that the fair exchange rate is EGP 38.5 per US dollar, according to the PPP method. This new exchange rate may significantly impact the Egyptian economy. Some impacts are positive, such as better real GDP, more exports, and fewer imports; however, these are minor and not significant. On the downside, it may lead to higher inflation, increased prices for goods, and reduced consumption. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of having balanced exchange rate policies that consider Egypt’s unique economic situations, and challenges and align with other economic policies. Experience and reality have shown that exchange rates alone are not the only solution.

Balance function generated by limiting conditions

This article conducts an analysis of the inherent constraints governing the formation of the price function that describes the interaction between two markets. The research not only identifies these constraints but also obtains an explicit form of the specified function.The key factors considered in constructing the price function are defined in the article. Through analyzing these constraints and their impact on market interaction, a formula for the price function is provided. This approach not only reveals the essence of natural constraints in forming the price function but also provides a contextual foundation for negotiations shaping a fair exchange price for the interaction process between two markets. This offers a theoretical basis for modeling and solving similar problems arising during practical economic activities.Two economies, Economy 1 and Economy 2, producing goods X and Y with linear Production Possibility Curve (PPC) graphs, are under consideration. The cost of producing one unit of good X relative to Y is denoted as R1 for Economy 1 and R2 for Economy 2. Exchange between economies occurs in a market, where the possible exchange is Δx units of X for Δy = Rmarket · Δx units of Y, and vice versa.If R1 is less than R2, Economy 1 specializes in the production of X, and Economy 2 specializes in Y, fostering mutually beneficial trade. For mutually beneficial exchange on the market with a price Rmarket, it is necessary and sufficient that R1 ≤ Rmarket ≤ R2.The article also explores the concept of a fair exchange price, specifying conditions for symmetry, reciprocity, and scale invariance. Notably, it indicates that the unique solution satisfying these conditions is f(R1,R2) = √ R1 · R2.In the context of balanced exchange, where economies gain equal profit per unit of the acquired good, the balanced exchange price Rmarket[balance] is determined as Rmarket = √ R1 · R2. This serves as a fair price, meeting the aforementioned conditions of symmetry, reciprocity, and scale invariance.In the provided example with R1 = 2 and R2 = 8, the article examines the mutually beneficial interval for Rmarket and computes the balanced and fair exchange price.

Effort to Prevent and Reduce Employee Turnover Intention in The Hospitality

Purpose: The loss of skilled workers is one of the negative effects of the high turnover rates that the hospitality sector is currently experiencing. Turnover intention refers to an employee's desire to relocate or quit their position. There are several organizational disruptions brought on by this staff turnover. The purpose of this study is to test a research model empirically by examining how job security, perceived organizational support, and transformational leadership affect the intention to leave a company. Theoretical framework: This study employs the Social Exchange Theory, which posits that a balanced exchange occurs between two parties, with recipients typically responding positively when the giver provides something valuable. In line with this concept, the research aims to explore how factors such as job security, perceived organizational support, and transformational leadership influence individuals' inclination to remain in their current employment. Method/design/approach: Quota sampling, which establishes a quota depending on the percentage of each hotel, is the sample method employed. Analysis employing Partial Least Squares was used in this study. In order to ensure that the computations are spread equally, the analysis's findings determine the proportion of the demographic conditions of each employee respondent at 4-star hotels. Consequently, a total of 176 respondents were gathered from the sampling, comprising 123 male and 53 female employees, with the majority falling between the 20–25 age range. Results and conclusion: The findings suggest a positive association between the desire to leave a company and factors such as perceived organizational support, transformational leadership, and job security. Interestingly, the results indicate that enhancing job security could potentially decrease the inclination to leave. However, the study did not uncover significant effects of transformational leadership or perceived organizational support on turnover intention. Research implications: Provide new references in theoretical studies, especially on turnover intention behavior, especially in the hospitality sector. Originality/value: Establish a new measurement mechanism in an effort to reduce turnover intention using different antasedent variables.

On Pareto optimal balanced exchanges

We investigate a market without money in which every agent offers indivisible goods in multiple copies, in exchange for goods of other agents. The exchange must be balanced in the sense that each agent should receive a quantity of good(s) equal to the one she transfers to others. We describe the market in graph-theoretic terms hence we use the notion of circulations to describe a balanced exchange of goods. Each agent has strict preferences over the agents from which she will receive goods and an upper bound on the quantity of each transaction, while a positive integer weight reflects the social importance of each unit exchanged. In this paper, we propose a simple variant of the Top Trading Cycles mechanism that finds a Pareto optimal circulation. We then offer necessary and sufficient conditions for a circulation to be Pareto optimal and, as a consequence, a easy recognition procedure. Last, we show that finding a maximum weight Pareto optimal circulation is NP-hard but becomes polynomial if weights are concordant with preferences.

Review of Sharia Economic Law on the Determination of Balance Conversion Wages Between Applications

Online transactions can be eased using smartphone applications such as m-banking, go pay, ovo, funds, and other financial transaction applications, many people also make balance exchange transactions between applications. This is used by balance exchange service providers between applications. The conversion service will get a fee or wage after making a transaction. Wages should fulfil an element of fairness and honesty that applies in general. As the conversion service in the Tanam Shopee Facebook group did, the balance conversion service sets a fee without a contract at the start and immediately deducts it from the converted balance. The formulation of the problems in this study are as follows: 1). What is the system for determining balance conversion services between applications on the Tanam Shopee Facebook Group? 2). What is the review of Sharia economic law regarding the provision of balance conversion services between applications on the Planting Shopee Facebook Group? This research is a type of field research, namely by explaining and describing circumstances and phenomena that are clearer about the situation that occurs, and the nature of this research is descriptive analysis. This research approaches interviewing and observing the practice of converting services conducted on the Tanam Shopee Facebook group. Based on the research conducted, there are two systems for determining service fees for converting balances between applications on the Tanam Shopee Facebook group between converting service providers and converting service users. First, the conversion service informs about the transaction costs and then an agreement contract. Second, the conversion service does not mention transaction fees and immediately deducts the converted balance without any prior agreement. This is a review of Sharia Economic Law regarding the service system for converting balances on the Facebook Tanam Shopee group. The first system in practice is based on the terms of ijarah, which fulfill the legal requirements and pillars of ijarah. The transaction fees are collected, and the consent granted is done in writing. Payment is made at the end of the transaction as per the agreement. Once all these terms and pillars of ijarah are fulfilled, the transaction is declared valid. Meanwhile, in the second conversion service system, wage practices in this contract are declared valid or invalid because one of the pillars and conditions of ijarah is not fulfilled, namely, the absence of sight or consent, and qabul in the transaction, wages in a contract, the quantity or quality of wages must be clear, whether in the form of nominal figures, percentages that are agreed upon and known by the parties conducting the contract. In this case, there is one party, namely the service user does not know how much the wage rate is charged. So that in practice the wages of this contract are declared valid or invalid.
 Keywords: online transaction application, balance conversion, Islamic economic law

A study of the value of the natural environment and its sources based on a material value theory perspective

In various academic disciplines and contexts, the value attributed to the natural environment encompasses two primary dimensions: the economic significance, which pertains to the economic value of the natural environment, and the philosophical dimension, which refers to the intrinsic (or subjective) value of the natural environment. This paper, after scrutinizing prevalent perspectives within the academic community regarding the value of the natural environment and its origins, asserts that the labor theory of value inadequately and inaccurately captures the essence of the natural environment’s value. Consequently, the paper suggests employing the “material theory of value” as a more apt framework to elucidate the origins of the natural environment’s value. The “material value theory” centers on the reciprocal relationship between humans and nature, with the objective of fostering an equitable exchange wherein human responsibilities and obligations toward the natural environment are traded for the “value” it provides. This approach aims to establish a harmonious and balanced exchange between humanity and the natural environment.

Reciprocity and High Resilience against Economic Fluctuations

Abstract Pauline scholars have long analysed the Jerusalem collection described in 1 Cor 16:1–4, 2 Cor 8–9 and Rom 15:25–29 to unveil Paul’s motivations, but only recently have they considered the economic implications and ramifications of the long-distance gift. Some have tried to associate the long-distance gift with several socio-economic contexts, such as economic inequality, prevalent poverty, patronage and/or gift exchange. This article, however, brings economic fluctuations to the fore to explicate 2 Cor 8:1–15 (esp. vv. 10–15), arguing that Paul’s chief rhetorical inducement to the Corinthians is the practical benefit of increasing their long-term resilience and survivability against the mutable economies facing most ordinary people through balanced exchanges among those of various economic statuses.

Human Resource Exchange on Team Performance in Non-Governmental Agricultural Organizations in Kenya

This study examined the influence of human resource exchange on team performance in non-governmental in Kenya. This study adopted convergent mixed method research design which integrates quantitative and qualitative data. The study population included 792 employees in agricultural NGOs in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select 266 respondents. This study used questionnaires as the primary tool of data collection. In addition, interview guides were used to collect qualitative data. Data was analyzed at two levels namely, quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis. Results show an R square of 0.215 implying that human resource exchnage in terms of support, attention, delegation, and mentorship accounts for 21.5% of team performance in Agricultural NGOs. The t-statistics results was 7.566 and significant (p<0.05), which shows that human resource exchange has a statistically significant influence on team performance in non-governmental agricultural organizations which means that reflect the strong bonds of trust and collaboration among team members. This study concluded that human resource has a statistically significant influence on team performance. Thus, developing unified, balanced exchanges fosters strong in-group and out-group relationships that benefit the team through increased cohesion, collaboration and job satisfaction.

The average effectiveness of local migration exchanges

AbstractWe develop a measure of the average effectiveness of migration exchanges with destinations, for local origins. We also decompose this new measure into components summarising the average effectiveness of a region's exchanges with places for which it has net out‐migration, and places for which it has net in‐migration. This makes it possible to define regions that are effective exchangers, balanced exchangers, effective gainers, or effective losers, with respect to their migration exchange patterns. This is discussed in the context of the measure's ability to add insights to migration theory. In addition, we provide an application of the approach to intercounty migration for counties in New York State.

Promoting a culture of reciprocity to build social capital in advanced practice nursing students.

A virtual activity integrating the evidence-based Reciprocity Ring model was designed to enhance confidence and skills for building social capital for advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) students. The central objective of the activity was to reduce the stigma of asking for help by providing a framework for the balanced exchange of favors, thus supporting new connections and feelings of trust among APRN students. Students from two APRN practice tracks (N = 44) participated in a virtual Reciprocity Ring activity where they could post and respond to requests for help. On average, students posted 2.5 requests and received three offers for assistance; 220 connections were made overall with the major theme requests related to stress management. A retrospective survey was administered at the conclusion of the activity. Questions inquired about student confidence before, and then after, the activity for identifying resources, providing help to others, finding personal support when needed, accessing resources related to academic success, and finding solutions to problems. Student mean confidence scores were significantly higher after the activity compared with mean confidence scores before the activity (p = .01). Additionally, the effect size was large (Cohen d = 0.89). Therefore, we suggest that integrating Reciprocity Ring exercises into nursing curricula and practice can be a useful tool for promoting skills related to productive help-seeking that will support APRN students' academic and professional success.

Serial Rules in a Multi-Unit Shapley-Scarf Market

We study generalized Shapley-Scarf exchange markets where each agent is endowed with multiple units of an indivisible and agent-specific good and monetary compensations are not possible. An outcome is given by a circulation which consists of a balanced exchange of goods. We focus on circulation rules that only require as input ordinal preference rankings of individual goods, and agents are assumed to have responsive preferences over bundles of goods. We study the properties of serial dictatorship rules which allow agents to choose either a single good or an entire bundle sequentially, according to a fixed ordering of the agents. We also introduce and explore extensions of these serial dictatorship rules that ensure individual rationality. The paper analyzes the normative and incentive properties of these four families of serial dictatorships and also shows that the individually rational extensions can be implemented with efficient graph algorithms.

The Two‐Pillar Policy for the RMB

ABSTRACTThis paper studies China's recent exchange rate policy for the renminbi (RMB). We demonstrate empirically that a two‐pillar policy is in place, aiming to balance exchange rate flexibility and RMB index stability via market and basket pillars. We further extend and validate the formulation that incorporates the so‐called countercyclical factor. Theoretically, we develop a flexible‐price monetary model for the RMB in which the two‐pillar policy arises endogenously as an optimal response of the government. We estimate the model by generalized method of moments and quantitatively assess various policy trade‐offs.

Döviz Kuru Dalgalanmalarının Enflasyona Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

In this study, the effects of the nominal dollar exchange rate and the industrial production index on WPI were analyzed using the ARDL bounds test method. The analysis of the study covers the period the 2005:M1-2021:M11 with monthly data. According to the results of the study, a 1% increase in the dollar exchange rate leads to an increase of approximately 0.7% in the WPI. When the industrial production index increases by 1%, the WPI increases by 1.04%. In addition, the fact that the growth in industrial production increases producer inflation reveals important results in terms of foreign dependency of production. These results raise concerns about growth with high inflation. The implementation of a rapid growth model in an economy with high inflation and high exchange rates may lead to an income-reducing situation for final consumers. These results show that a stable inflation and growth process in Turkey is based on a balanced exchange rate and interest rate policy.

Qualitative Analysis of the Host-Perceived Impact of Unidirectional Global Surgery Training in Kijabe, Kenya: Benefits, Challenges, and a Desire for Bidirectional Exchange.

BackgroundAs globalization of surgical training increases, growing evidence demonstrates a positive impact of global surgery experiences on trainees from high-income countries (HIC). However, few studies have assessed the impact of these largely unidirectional experiences from the perspectives of host surgical personnel from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aimed to assess the impact of unidirectional visitor involvement from the perspectives of host surgical personnel in Kijabe, Kenya.MethodsVoluntary semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 host surgical personnel at a tertiary referral hospital in Kijabe, Kenya. Qualitative analysis was used to identify salient and recurring themes related to host experiences with visiting surgical personnel. Perceived benefits and challenges of HIC involvement and host interest in bidirectional exchange were assessed.ResultsBenefits of visitor involvement included positive learning experiences (95.3%), capacity building (83.7%), exposure to diverse practices and perspectives (74.4%), improved work ethic (51.2%), shared workload (44.2%), access to resources (41.9%), visitor contributions to patient care (41.9%), and mentorship opportunities (37.2%). Challenges included short stays (86.0%), visitor adaptation and integration (83.7%), cultural differences (67.4%), visitors with problematic behaviors (53.5%), learner saturation (34.9%), language barriers (32.6%), and perceived power imbalances between HIC and LMIC personnel (27.9%). Nearly half of host participants expressed concerns about the lack of balanced exchange between HIC and LMIC programs (48.8%). Almost all (96.9%) host trainees expressed interest in a bidirectional exchange program.ConclusionAs the field of global surgery continues to evolve, further assessment and representation of host perspectives is necessary to identify and address challenges and promote equitable, mutually beneficial partnerships between surgical programs in HIC and LMIC.

Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Shared Decision Making in Vascular Access Selection: A Qualitative Study

Collaborative approaches to vascular access selection are being increasingly encouraged to elicit patients' preferences and priorities where no unequivocally superior choice exists. We explored how patients, their caregivers, and clinicians integrate principles of shared decision making when engaging in vascular access discussions. Qualitative description. Semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of patients, their caregivers, and clinicians from outpatient hemodialysis programs in Alberta, Canada. We used a thematic analysis approach to inductively code transcripts and generate themes to capture key concepts related to vascular access shared decision making across participant roles. 42 individuals (19 patients, 2 caregivers, 21 clinicians) participated in this study. Participants identified how access-related decisions follow a series of major decisions about kidney replacement therapy and care goals that influence vascular access preferences and choice. Vascular access shared decision making was strengthened through integration of vascular access selection with dialysis-related decisions and timely, tailored, and balanced exchange of information between patients and their care team. Participants described how opportunities to revisit the vascular access decision before and after dialysis initiation helped prepare patients for their access and encouraged ongoing alignment between patients' care priorities and treatment plans. Where shared decision making was undermined, hemodialysis via a catheter ensued as the most readily available vascular access option. Our study was limited to patients and clinicians from hemodialysis care settings and included few caregiver participants. Findings suggest that earlier, or upstream, decisions about kidney replacement therapies influence how and when vascular access decisions are made. Repeated vascular access discussions that are integrated with other higher-level decisions are needed to promote vascular access shared decision making and preparedness.

The Impact of Money Supply M1 on Balance Exchange Rate of The Iraqi Dinar

Iraq went through unique circumstances that no developing or advanced country has experienced throughout modern history. As soon as September of 1980 (the beginning of the research period) broke out until a long eight-year war that burned the green and the dry, the Iraqi economy came out of it burdensomely. With the various economic problems represented by high inflation rates, high volume of external indebtedness, and deterioration of the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar and others. As soon as the war ended, Iraq entered into a devastating international war that lasted unless it was destroyed from the infrastructure of the Iraqi economy, followed by a comprehensive economic blockade that isolated Iraq from the world economically, scientifically, and culturally. Naturally, these circumstances in Qatar exacerbate most of the financial problems already experienced by the Iraqi economy during the 1980s. Suppose we add to those conditions the mismanagement of the ruling regime, whose decisions were focused on strengthening the fragile pillars of its rule. The decisions made were political before they were economical and targeted the regime's interests before they were aimed at the interests of the economy.

Hybrid Skip: A Biologically Inspired Skip Connection for the UNet Architecture

In this work we introduce a biologically inspired long-range skip connection for the UNet architecture that relies on the perceptual illusion of hybrid images, being images that simultaneously encode two images. The fusion of early encoder features with deeper decoder ones allows UNet models to produce finer-grained dense predictions. While proven in segmentation tasks, the network’s benefits are down-weighted for dense regression tasks as these long-range skip connections additionally result in texture transfer artifacts. Specifically for depth estimation, this hurts smoothness and introduces false positive edges which are detrimental to the task due to the depth maps’ piece-wise smooth nature. The proposed HybridSkip connections show improved performance in balancing the trade-off between edge preservation, and the minimization of texture transfer artifacts that hurt smoothness. This is achieved by the proper and balanced exchange of information that HybridSkip connections offer between the high and low frequency, encoder and decoder features, respectively. The code and models will be made available in the https://vcl3d.github.io/HybridSkip/.