Balance In Children Research Articles

Effects of motor and cognitive dual tasks on walking and balance in children with diparetic cerebral palsy

This study investigates the effects of motor and cognitive dual tasks on walking and balance in Children with diparetic cerebral palsy. The subjects of this study were 12 children (experimental group n = 6, control group n = 6) who were medical diagnosed with diparetic cerebral palsy. They aged 8–12 years. Experimental group was administered treatment for 30 min, 2 times a week for 8 weeks, with the experimental group performing motor and cognitive dual task, while the control group did not have such a training. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to analyze changes in balance, gross motor function in the group, and the Mann–Whitney test was conducted to compare the differences between the two groups before and after intervention. In This study, the mean time for completing the Timed Up and Go Test in single and dual tasks and mean cognitive responses, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering that many activities in daily life are dual tasks, these difficulties they experience in performing dual tasks show that children’s daily lives are also affected. Therefore, dual task evaluations are very important for individuals to be independent in daily life.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Assess Fluid Balance in Children Undergoing Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Assess Fluid Balance in Children Undergoing Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy

Relationship Between Dental Trauma and Orthostatic Balance in Children.

Dental trauma (DT) and falls have shown to be associated. On the other hand, postural balance is associated with falls and depends on the integration of the body's regulatory systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between DT and alteration of orthostatic balance in children. This was a population-based case-control study involving 296 six-year-old schoolchildren. The case group included children with previous history of DT. The control group included children with no previous history of DT. Stabilometric measurements were the main exposure of this study. Logistic regression analyzes were performed to estimate potential differences in terms of chance of occurrence. The cases reviewed showed a 4.37 times chance of reduced balance in the measurement of the anteroposterior trajectory speed of the orthostatic center of pressure (COP), when children had their eyes closed. It also presented a chance of 3.06 times reduced balance in the measurement of the orthostatic center of pressure latero-lateral sway, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad, and 4.00 times of reduced balance in the width of the latero-lateral sway of the orthostatic center of pressure, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad. Children with previous history of DT showed a higher chance of experiencing a reduced orthostatic balance in different conditions when compared to children without the occurrence of trauma.

Effects of Dance Music on Motor Skills and Balance in Children: An Observational Cohort Study.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children in Japan were restricted from sports and outdoor activities. Regular physical activity is essential for healthy growth and development in children, with recommendations advocating for activities such as strength training. However, the long-term effects of the restrictions have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an "exercise class", specifically a dance program, designed to improve motor function in elementary school children affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may have compromised their motor function. The dance program was developed by a sports science teacher, a professional dancer, and a physical therapist, and it was evaluated in a community-based participatory study. Trained dance instructors conducted one-hour dance sessions in a medical center, held once a week for two months from June to August 2023. A physical therapist and dance instructors led the elementary school children. Outcome measures included grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, back muscle strength, dynamic balance function during movement, physical activity time, and body fat percentages. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Twenty-four children aged 6-9 years participated in the exercise class over a two-month period. Improvement was observed in grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, and dynamic balance function during movement. However, physical activity time, body fat percentages, and back muscle strength did not change. The results indicated a significant improvement in motor skills. Dance is an inexpensive program that elementary school children can enjoy while improving their motor skills.

Relationship Between Vitamin D Level and Index of CardioElectrophysiological Balance in Children.

Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with various cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular diseases, and sudden cardiac death. In the literature, it has been reported that many electrocardiographic parameters have been developed to predict ventricular arrhythmias. In recent studies, it is noteworthy that the index of cardio-electrophysiological balance (iCEB) and correct cardioelectrophysiological balance (iCEBc), which are electrocardiographic parameters, can be used as new, easy, cheap and non-invasive parameters to predict ventricular arrhythmias. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and iCEB and iCEBc values in children. A total of 186 patients were included in this study. Group 1 included 114 patients with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml; 50 patients with vitamin D levels of 21-29 ng/ml were included in Group 2; Group 3 consisted of 36 patients with a vitamin D level above 30 ng/ml. iCEB and iCEBc values were calculated by taking 12-lead ECG from all individuals and comparing them between groups. A total of 186 children, 114 subjects in Group 1, 36 subjects in Group 2, and 36 subjects in Group 3, were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and height-weight values of the groups were similar. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of QT, QTc, QT/QRS, and QTc/QRS levels (p: 0.003, 0.028, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was found between QTc/QRS and vitamin D level (r=-0.320, p=<0.001) and between QT/QRS and vitamin D level (r=-0.268, p=<0.001). Moreover, vitamin D level (β=0.389, p<0.001) was determined as an independent predictor of QTc/QRS in multivariate logistic regression analysis. iCEB and iCEBc parameters increase significantly in children with low vitamin D levels. These parameters are also evaluated during the follow-up of children with vitamin D deficiency in terms of the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. iCEBc can be used as an easy, inexpensive, non-invasive, and reproducible parameter.

Effects of Rhythm Step Training on Foot and Lower Limb Balance in Children and Adolescents with Flat Feet: A Radiographic Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Owing to the recent reports regarding the efficacy of rhythm step training (RST) in lower limb muscle development and motor skill enhancement, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of RST on foot and lower limb balance in children and adolescents diagnosed with flat feet using radiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 children and adolescents diagnosed with flat feet from a hospital in Seoul were randomly assigned to the general flat feet training (GFFT) (n = 80) or RST (n = 80) group. Patients in both groups exercised for 50 min once a week for 12 weeks. Key variables, such as quadriceps angle (Q-angle), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (CFMA), and navicular-cuboid overlap ratio (OR) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Significant improvements in Q-angle (p < 0.001), CPA (p < 0.001), CFMA (p < 0.001), and navicular-cuboid OR (p < 0.001) were observed in the RST group compared to the GFFT group. RST was found to be more effective in normalizing the biomechanical function of the calcaneus and improving lower limb function. Conclusions: RST significantly enhances foot and lower limb balance in children and adolescents with flat feet, suggesting its potential use as an effective intervention for this population. The study did not specifically analyze the effects of various components of rhythm training, such as music, exercise intensity, and frequency, on the outcomes. Further research is needed to determine how each of these elements individually influences the results.

Structured Games: Physical Activities to Develop Children's Balance Abilities

This research uses quantitative research methods with a pre-experimental research design which goes through two stages, namely the pre-test and post-test stages. Which aims to measure static balance and dynamic balance abilities in children aged 4-5 years through structured games activities in 30 children. The results of this study show that the balance ability of children aged 4-5 years increased after treatment. Playing structured games has an influence on children's balance abilities at RA Darussalam Purwodeso. The pre-test showed that the child's balance ability had not developed optimally. Then treatment was carried out through playing structured games for 2 days, followed by a post-test. The post-test results show that the child's balance ability improved after being given treatment, this can be seen from the increase in the scores obtained.

PENGGUNAAN ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS (AFO) TERHADAP KESEIMBANGAN FUNGSIONAL PADA ANAK PENDERITA CEREBRAL PALSY

Children with cerebral palsy will experience problems with their movements. Cerebral palsy affects muscles and a person's ability to control them. One of the disorders that occur in children with CP is disturbances in walking balance, which ultimately results in disturbances in walking motor skills, so children experience disturbances in daily living (ADL) activities in their daily lives. This research aims to determine the effect of using Anke Foot Orthosis on children's functional balance. Cerebral Palsy. Method: This type of research uses a Quasy Experiment with a pretest-posttest with a control group design. The total sample for this study was 10 respondents. Data collection was carried out using observation sheets. Analysis of this research data using univariate and bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon. Results: The influence of using Anke Foot Orthosis on the functional balance of Cerebral Palsy children, data taken before and after treatment with a value &gt; 0.05. The conclusion is that there is no significant effect between using Anke Foot Orthosis and functional balance in children with cerebral palsy.

Textured insoles may improve some gross motor balance measures but not endurance measures in children with motor coordination issues. A randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Motor coordination concerns are estimated to affect 5%-6% of school-aged children. Motor coordination concerns have variable impact on children's lives, with gait and balance often affected. Textured insoles have demonstrated positive impact on balance and gait in adults with motor coordination disorders related to disease or the ageing process. The efficacy of textured insoles in children is unknown. Our primary aim was to identify the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial involving children with motor control issues. The secondary aim was to identify the limited efficacy of textured insoles on gross motor assessment balance domains and endurance in children with movement difficulties. An assessor-blinded, randomised feasibility study. We advertised for children between the ages of 5-12years, with an existing diagnosis or developmental coordination disorder or gross motor skill levels assessed as 15th percentile or below on a norm-referenced, reliable and validated scale across two cities within Australia. We randomly allocated children to shoes only or shoes and textured insoles. We collected data across six feasibility domains; demand (recruitment), acceptability (via interview) implementation (adherence), practicality (via interview and adverse events), adaptation (via interview) and limited efficacy testing (6-min walk test and balance domain of Movement ABC-2 at baseline and 4weeks). There were 15 children randomised into two groups (eight received shoes alone, seven received shoes and textured insoles). We experienced moderate demand, with 46 potential participants. The insoles were acceptable, however, some parents reported footwear fixture issues requiring modification. The 6-min walk test was described as problematic for children, despite all but one child completing. Social factors impacted adherence and footwear wear time in both groups. Families reported appointment locations and parking impacting practicality. Underpowered, non-significant small to moderate effect sizes were observed for different outcome measures. Improvement in balance measures favoured the shoe and insole group, while gait velocity increase favoured the shoe only group. Our research indicates that this trial design is feasible with modifications such as recruiting with a larger multi-disciplinary organisation, providing velcro shoe fixtures and using a shorter timed walk test. Furthermore, progressing to a larger well-powered randomised control trial is justified considering our preliminary, albeit underpowered, efficacy findings. This trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12624000160538.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Static &amp; Dynamic Balance in Children with Down Syndrome

Background: Down syndrome, characterized by an extra chromosome 21, affects physical and developmental growth. Children with Down syndrome often exhibit impairments in balance and motor function, necessitating interventions that enhance physical capabilities and overall quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercises compared to standard physical therapy in improving static and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 20 children aged 5-12 years with Down syndrome, recruited from the Rising Sun Institute of Special Education. Participants were randomly divided into a control group, which received standard physical therapy, and an experimental group, which engaged in aerobic exercise (cycling) three times a week for 30 minutes over an 8-week period. The primary outcomes, static and dynamic balance, were assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) before and after the intervention. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements compared to the control group. The mean changes in the Timed Up and Go test were reduced by 3.67 seconds (p &lt; 0.05), the PBS scores increased by 10.23 points (p &lt; 0.05), and the 6MWT distance extended by 66.11 meters (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise interventions significantly enhance static and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome, surpassing the effects of standard physical therapy. Incorporating structured aerobic exercises into rehabilitation programs is recommended to optimize developmental outcomes in this population. Keywords: Down Syndrome, Aerobic Exercise, Pediatric Balance Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Effectiveness of the Game Reaching for Stars and Achieving Hope on the Static Balance of Children with Flat Foot Conditions

Balance in children plays an important role in maintaining body posture in static and dynamic conditions, regulating and controlling motion stability, and supporting the maturation of motor skills. Motor-related movement disorders in balance and posture are influenced by the impact of flat foot. This research aims to determine the effectiveness the game consists of reaching for stars and achieving hope of the static balance of children with flat foot. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental research group design after testing. The population of this study was the class B group of Samarinda City Kindergarten aged 5-6 years, totaling 60 people. Sampling used a purposive sampling method with the qualifications of respondents who identified the condition of the flat foot as 15 children. The data collection techniques used are observation, experiments, and documents. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis tif description, Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, and test paired sample test. Based on the research results, there are significant changes in the abilities of the child's static balance as shown by the results of the paired sample test as big as Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001&lt;0.05, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that the effectiveness of the game of reaching for stars and achieving hope has a significant influence on children's static balance abilities.

Comparative Effects of Functional Task Training Versus Functional Therapy Program on Gross Motor Function, Range of Motion and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Comparative Effects of Functional Task Training Versus Functional Therapy Program on Gross Motor Function, Range of Motion and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Beyond Fun: The Need for Emotional Balance in Children’s Worship

This paper examines the emotional balance in children’s worship and the need to move beyond the focus on fun. The author argues that while having fun is important, it should not be the main focus of worship. This paper discusses the myth of the always happy child and the consequences of adults trying to regulate the feelings of children. The author suggests that children need to be given space and opportunity to use their own voice and shape their emotions. This paper concludes that churches should listen carefully to what children want and need in their services and adjust their ministry accordingly. The children should have a say in how their worship is done and their opinions need to be respected.

Correlation between Flatfoot and Postural Balance in Children Aged 7-12 Years

Correlation between Flatfoot and Postural Balance in Children Aged 7-12 Years

The Impact of Aerobic Dance Intervention on Postural Balance in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of an 8-week aerobic dance intervention on postural balance in children. Forty-one children, aged 9 to 11, were randomly assigned to either an aerobic dance group (ADG) or a control group (CG) from a primary school. Postural balance was assessed using center of pressure (CoP) excursions before and after the 8-week intervention period. Evaluations were conducted on both firm and foam surfaces in bipedal and unipedal stances under open-eyes (OE) and closed-eyes (CE) conditions, as well as on both medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) surfaces in a bipedal stance under OE conditions. The ADG exhibited significantly decreased CoPVm values during firm bipedal CE, unipedal OE, foam bipedal OE and CE, and foam unipedal OE (p < 0.005). This study suggests that aerobic dance intervention improved postural balance in children, showcasing adaptability and improved stability under various conditions.

The cross-sectional association of parental psychosocial status with children's Body Mass Index z-score and the mediating role of children's energy balance behaviors - the ABCD Study.

Investigate the cross-sectional association between the psychosocial status of mothers and fathers and the BMI z-scores of their 10 to 12-year-old children. Explore whether this association is mediated by children's diet, physical activity, screen time and sleep. Analyze the moderating effect of the educational levels of both the mother and father on the association. In a cross-sectional study design, children's height and weight were measured following a standardized protocol. Parents completed the validated Depression Anxiety and Stress questionnaire, while diet quality, sports participation, time spent in bed and screen time were assessed through child-report using previously validated questions. The data for this study were obtained from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, involving children aged 10 to 12 years and both of their parents (N = 1315). The majority, 80%, of the parents were highly educated and born in the Netherlands, and 68% of the children had a healthy BMI. Maternal or paternal psychosocial status was not significantly associated with children's BMI z-score (maternal β -0.0037; 95% CI: -0.008 to 0.0007, paternal β 0.0028; 95% CI: -0.007 to 0.002). Screen time mediated the association between paternal psychosocial status and children's BMI z-score (β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.002; 0.020). Children's diet, physical activity, and sleep did not mediate the association between paternal psychosocial status and children's BMI z-score. Parental educational level was not a moderator. This research is unique in including four energy balance behaviors and including both mothers and fathers' psychosocial status. Children withfathers experiencing poorer psychosocial status engaged in more screen time which partly explained their higher BMI z-score.

Comparative Study of Effects of Motor-Sensing-Input-Based Game and Conventional Rehabilitation on Gait and Balance in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparative Study of Effects of Motor-Sensing-Input-Based Game and Conventional Rehabilitation on Gait and Balance in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of Wii-Fit Combined with Conventional Exercises on the Functional Mobility and Balance of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Typically Growing Peers.

Nintendo Wii Fit is an accessible, affordable, and productive inclusion into rehabilitation programs for children with cerebral palsy (CP) as a physical activity intervention; however, to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies 8 investigating the effects on the functional mobility and balance of children with CP compared to typically growing (TG) children. We evaluated the effects of Nintendo Wii Fit video exercises on static and dynamic balance, functional capacity, and walking endurance in children with CP compared to their TG peers. Children with CP and their TG peers were trained with Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Board games and conventional exercises (40 minutes each) for 16 weeks, twice a week. Their static and dynamic balance, functional capacity, and walking endurance were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. The improvement achieved within the groups in all parameters, as well as between the groups, was significant, except for the dynamic balance and walking endurance. Standing Nintendo Wii Fit exercises combined with conventional exercises can be included as axial exercises in the physiotherapy program for children with CP as an enjoyable physical activity. TG children may also benefit, increasing their functional mobility and walking endurance in a fun way.

Dampak Permainan Lego terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini

This study aims to determine the effect of Lego games on cognitive development of early childhood (5-6 years) in Ra Bani Asyyfa and Paud Nurul Hassanah Pandeglang Banten. The method used is quesi experiment with Non Equivalent Control Group Design approach. The sampling technique uses total sampling technique. The sampling technique uses total sampling technique. The research results showed that out of 30 games, the majority of children's cognitive balance started to be balanced (MB) when they were given a game of playing, namely 21 games (70%) were playing. Meanwhile, of the 30 respondents, the majority of children's cognitive balance was attributed to playing games, as many as 25 respondents (83%) were categorized as very well balanced (BSB), but there were 5 respondents (17%) whose cognitive development was still developing according to expectations (BSH). This was caused by many types of the respondent's gender is male based on, The results of the Wilcoxon Uiji are known as the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) equal to 0.001 &lt; 0.005. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the influence of Lego games on the cognitive development of early childhood (5-6 years). Keywords: Playing Lego , Cognitive , Child Development, Ages 5-6

Correlations between Trunk Control and Balance in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Impairments of postural responses are a salient feature of children with cerebral palsy (CP). While the systems approach describes balance in seven components, the relationship between trunk control and balance in children with CP has not been previously examined with all seven of these components. In this study, we aimed to identify correlations between trunk control and all seven systems approach balance components in children with bilateral spastic CP. Our participants were 30 children (M age = 11.83, SD = 2.32 years) with CP having a Gross Motor Function Classification System level ranging from I to III. We assessed trunk control with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale, including static and dynamic balance (selective voluntary control and reaching). Balance in standing was assessed using Kids-Mini-BESTest involving four domains: anticipatory, reactive, sensory orientation and stability in gait. We used Spearman's rank correlations to correlate trunk control and balance, and we obtained a moderate correlation between the trunk control measurement scale and the Kids-Mini-BESTest in children with both bilateral spastic CP (rs = .618, p < .001) and spastic diplegic CP (rs = .52, p = .02). Analysis of the correlations between separate domains of the Kids-Mini-BESTest and the trunk control measurement scale subscales revealed moderate correlations between the static sitting balance subscale and all four domains of the Kids-Mini-BESTest. The dynamic selective motor control subscale of the trunk control measurement scale moderately correlated with the anticipatory domain of the Kids-Mini-BESTest. The dynamic reaching subscale also correlated moderately with anticipatory and stability in gait domains. This correlation was statistically significant in the 13 to 17-year-old age group and was strong among females, whereas the correlation was moderate in males. Trunk control was moderately associated with balance considering all the systems theory components of balance in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.