Bairdiella Chrysura Research Articles

Estructura de la comunidad de peces en el sistema Candelaria-Panlau, Campeche, México

Se describe el comportamiento de los parámetros de temperatura, salinidad, transparencia del agua y temperatura ambiente, y de la abundancia y diversidad de la comunidad del peces del sistema Candelaria-Panlau en escalas temporal y espacial. Los trabajos de campo se realizaron de manera mensual en cinco estaciones entre abril de 1993 Y abril de 1994. La comunidad de peces quedó representada por 50 especies con 7 926 organismos y 144.7 kg de peso. Los valores de abundancia y diversidad de la comunidad fueron: 0.09 ind/m2, 1.61 g/m2 18.25 g/ind, H'n = 1.879, J = 0.475 Y D = 5.681. Las especies con dominio ecológico fueron: Cathorops melanopus, Diapterus rhombeus, Anchoa mitchilli, Sphoeroides testudineus, Bairdiella chrysura, B. ronchus, Cynoscion arenarius, y C. nebulosus, que en conjunto representan el 90.9 % en número y el 78.9 % en peso de la captura total. Las matrices de valores de los parámetros ambientales y de abundancia numérica de la comunidad de peces, fueron sometidas a un análisis de factores con el método dé extracción de componentes principales, su representación gráfica confmna la definición de especies dominantes y demuestra que la salinidad, estación cinco y mes de febrero son los componentes que caracterizan al sistema y a la comunidad de peces.

Parasites of Fish as Indicators of Environmental Stress

During the 1994/1995 EMAP-Estauries program in the Carolinian Province we investigated the feasibility of using parasites of fish as response indicators. Parasites of fish are an indigenous component of healthy ecosystems. Within the EMAP-E design, the suite of environmental parameters which may affect parasite abundance, richness, prevalence, and diversity can be divided into three categories: 1) the physical and chemical characteristics of the water and sediment (including contaminants) external to the fish; 2) the internal environment defined by the physical condition (physiological) of individual fish; and 3) the presence and relative abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates, many of which serve as intermediate hosts. The biotic response of parasites to environmental stressors is also reflected in the health of fish. Parasite assemblages of silver perch Bairdiella chrysura respond to both natural and anthropogenic stressors. Our results showed that particular environmental stressors and specific parasites that respond include: temperature and monogeneans; contaminants and nematodes; low dissolved oxygen and protists; and salinity, together with a mixture of metal and organic contaminants and crustacea. Parasites of fish are useful biomarkers and appear to be more sensitive to environmental stressors than are the fish themselves. Parasite responses to selected environmental stressors may be used to discriminate polluted and unpolluted sites. The use of parasites of fish as biomarkers has relevant application to fisheries management and coastal monitoring programs.

Isolation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (serotype Ab) from diverse species of estuarine fish

Two significant fish kills occurred in the Pamlico River estuary (North Carolina, USA), one in December 1981 and January 1982, and the other in June 1982. The first involved only the southern flounder(Paralichthys lethostigma). Histopathologic examination of morbid and moribund flounder revealed extensive sloughing and necrosis of the mucosa of the pyloric caeca and intestine, and inflammation of the submucosa of the pyloric caeca. Brain and internal organ homogenates from morbid and moribund flounder were assayed on CHSE-214 cells, and a virus was isolated. Virus titers ranged from≤8.4 · 102 to 6.3 · 107 TCID50 per gram of tissue. Cross-plaque neutralization assays indicated that the southern flounder virus was infectious pancreatic necrosis virus serotype Ab. Immersion challenge showed the isolate is only slightly virulent for fry of brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis). The second fish kill involved the southern flounder and six other species: hogchoker(Trinectes maculatus), Atlantic silverside(Menidia menidia), spot(Leiostomus xanthurus), Atlantic croaker(Micropogon undulatus), silver perch(Bairdiella chrysura), and striped mullet(Mugil cephalus). Virus was isolated from southern founder, hogchoker, Atlantic silverside, and spot. Neutralization assays indicated that the four isolates were nearly identical; however, the diversity of species affected suggests that the virus might not have been the specific cause of mortality.

Migration and feeding of the predatory fish, Bairdiella chrysura Lacépède, in an intertidal creek

Juvenile Bairdiella chrysura (Lacépède) (silver perch) were collected hourly from a South Carolina intertidal creek for 10 tidal cycles. Stomach content analyses suggest that silver perch feed nocturnally within the intertidal zone during high tide. The reasons for this feeding behavior are discussed with emphasis on the importance of intertidal areas as regions where energy is transferred from the marsh to the estuary.

THE MORPHOLOGY, LIFE-HISTORY, AND TAXONOMIC RELATIONS OFLEPOCREADIUM AREOLATUM(LINTON, 1900) STUNKARD, 1969 (TREMATODA: DIGENEA)

Digenetic trematodes from the white perch, Morone americana, were identified by Linton (1900) as Distomum areolatum Rudolphi, 1809. He (1901) referred specimens from the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, and the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, to the same species. These worms were collected at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Other specimens were taken from Bairdiella chrysura, Micropogon undulatus, Orthopristis chrysopterus, and Sciaaenops ocellatus at Beaufort, North Carolina. Linton (1940) included all these worms in a new species, Lepocreadium trullaforme. But they are not specifically identical with L. trullaforme and their taxonomic status has been uncertain. The metacercariae of these worms have been known for many years an unencysted distomes in the ctenophores and medusae taken in plankton collections. The discovery of an ophthalmotrichocercous cercaria from Nassarius trivittatus with the same morphology, has led to the completion of the life-cycle and the resolution of the taxonomic sta...

Poecilancistrium caryophyllum and Other Trypanorhynch Cestode Plerocercoids from the Musculature of Cynoscion nebulosus and Other Sciaenid Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico

Examination of over 3,000 fish, all sciaenids, has shown that plerocercoids of Poecilancistrium caryophyllum infect Cynoscion nebulosus, Bairdiella chrysura, Sciaenops ocellata, C. arenarius, Micropogonias undulatus, and Pogonias cromis in Mississippi Sound. In addition to P. caryophyllum, a pseudophyllidean-like trypanorhynch also infected C. nebulosus and M. undulatus. Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha selectively infected large P. cromis, Pterobothrium heteracanthum infected M. undulatus, and Pterobothrium lintoni infected Menticirrhus americanus. Prevalence and intensity of infections of P. caryophyllum in C. nebulosus from Mississippi, roughly 40% of the fish each possessing an average of about two worms, compare with infections observed in fish from Texas and Louisiana. However, values for fish from Apalachee Bay, but not Tampa Bay, Florida, are about twice as high. Extensive seasonal sampling in Mississippi Sound indicates fluctuations but no clear-cut seasonal trends other than a possible relationship between infections and salinity. As C. nebulosus increases in length, the prevalence of infections, but not the intensity, increases. This finding suggests an immune response to challenge infections. No fish less than 140 mm SL and relatively few less than 250 mm SL revealed infections, suggesting either the unavailability of the intermediate host to young fish or the ultimate death of most young infected individuals. Based on condition coefficients and liver-weight analysis, no apparent detrimental effect on infected, moderately-heavy adult fish occurred. Infections primarily involve the middle of a fillet or the region adjacent to the vertebral column below the dorsal fins and cause an esthetically displeasing product and consequently depress economically the trout fishery. Relatively more male than female fish harbored worms, but the significance of that finding is questioned.

Fish cell culture: Characteristics of a cell line from the silver perch,Bairdiella chrysura

A cell designated SP-1 was established from tissue of the silver perch, Bairdiella chrysura. Cells were fibroblast-like and grew best at 26 degrees C in Leibovitz medium (L-15) containing 15% fetal bovine serum and 0.150 M sodium chloride. Passage 1 to passage 9 SP-1 cells contained a chromosome number of 48; at passages 27 and 50 the modal numbers were 51 and 54, respectively. Confirmation of the origin of SP-1 cells was made by the cytotoxic antibody dye-exclusion test. This cell line supported the growth of lymphocystis virus from the silver perch but was not found to replicate various other fish and mammalian viruses.

Ultrastructure of Lymphocystis in the Heart of the Silver Perch, Bairdiella chrysura (Lacépède), Including Observations on Normal Heart Structure

The fine structure of normal heart muscle from the silver perch, Bairdiella chrysum (Lacdp\ede), is similar to that previously reported for marine and freshwater teleosts. Cardiac lymphocystis is a viral disease manifested by single, giant-cell lesions variously located in the epicardium, trabecular spaces, and subendocardium-in direct apposition to myocardial cells. Occasionally, the hyaline capsule of lymphocystis cells partially surround myocardial cells but cause no pathological changes or inflammatory reaction. The lymphocystis cells contain typical cellular organelles, including the viroplasmic net unique to these cells. Annulate lamellae, often continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, are present, usually along the periphery of the cell. Some elements of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are dilated and contain a finely granular material, but others contain cross-banded fibrils, each having a periodicity of 30 nm. Similar fibrils are present in the perinuclear cisternae.

Relationships of Parasitic Isopods Lironeca ovalis and Olencira praegustator to Marine Fish Hosts in Delaware Bay

Abstract The isopods Lironeca ovalis and Olencira praegustator infest the gill and buccal cavities of at least seven species of fishes taken in the lower Delaware River Estuary. The free-swimming male stages of these two species are external facultative parasites, apparently feeding on lipid substances of the many fishes which serve as intermediate hosts. Both male and female stages of L. ovalis were most prevalent on bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, which served as both an intermediate and terminal host. Female L. ovalis showed the highest incidence of infestation among bluefish, 19.1%; silver perch, Bairdiella chrysura, 6.1%; white perch, Morone americana, 4.1%; weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, 2.8%; and striped bass, Morone saxatilis, 1.5%. Female O. praegustator were found only in 0.8% of the 590 Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, observed.

Food Habits of Five Species of Young Southeastern United States Estuarine Sciaenidae

The food habits of five species of the family Sciaenidae,Bairdiella chrysura, Cynoscion regalis, Leiostomus xanthurus, Micropogon undulatus andStellifer lanceolatus, were examined in specimens of less than 200 mm standard length collected in estuaries between Georgetown, South Carolina, and Jacksonville, Florida.B. chrysura, M. undulatus andS. lanceolatus did not appear to be highly selective in their food habits;C. regalis fed heavily on the mysid shrimp,Neomysis americana, and on fish; andL. xanthurus was selective toward harpacticoid and calanoid copepods. The food habits of the five species of fish examined were relatively constant with season and location within the estuary; however, in general, larger food organisms were consumed as the sciaenids increased in size. The exception wasL. xanthurus which maintained the same food habits at all sizes examined.

Silver Perch, Bairdiella chrysura: New Host for Lymphocystis

Silver Perch, Bairdiella chrysura: New Host for Lymphocystis

Food Habits of Juvenile Marine Fishes Occupying Seagrass Beds in the Estuarine Zone near Crystal River, Florida

Quantitative gravimetric analyses of stomach contents were carried out on juveniles of 21 species of fishes that cohabit seagrass beds near Crystal River, Florida. Our analyses were based on dry weights of food items and are expressed as percent of total stomach contents. The species analyzed were Harengula pensacolae, Opisthonema oglinum, Anchoa hepsetus, Anchoa mitchilli, Synodus foetens, Strongylura marina, Hyporhamphus unifasciatus, Oligoplites saurus, Trachinotus falcatus, Eucinostomus gula, Haemulon plumieri, Orthopristis chrysoptera, Bairdiella chrysura, Cynoscion nebulosus, Diplodus holbrooki, Lagodon rhomboides, Microgobius gulosus, Chasmodes saburrae, Menidia beryllina, Trinectes maculatus, and Sphoeroides nephelus. Analyses of stomach contents taken from small, sequentially arranged size classes enabled us to delineate discrete ontogenetic changes in food habits in many of the species. In the 15 species in which planktivorous feeding stages were detected, only zooplankters were consumed in measurable amounts. Juveniles of H. pensacolae, O. oglinum, A. hepsetus, A. mitchilli, and M. beryllina were almost exclusively planktivorous throughout most of the available size ranges and exhibited a distinct selection for molluscan veliger larvae. Copepods, mysids, and larval crustaceans were the principal plankters consumed by juveniles of other species. Only three species, D. holbrooki, L. rhomboides, and H. unifasciatus, exhibited herbivorous feeding stages. In both D. holbrooki and L. rhomboides, the herbivorous habit began quite early in juvenile development and followed a preliminary planktivorous stage. Larger specimens of L. rhomboides became carnivorous, whereas adults of D. holbrooki (and H. unifasciatus) were herbivorous. Juveniles of eight species exhibited carnivorous feeding stages, consuming primarily benthic invertebrates. Of these species, O. saurus, H. plumieri, O. chrysoptera, and B. chrysura consumed primarily shrimp and mysids; E. gula and T. maculatus utilized primarily polychaetes; C. saburrae consumed primarily amphipods; and T. falcatus consumed mainly crabs after utilizing mysids, small shrimp, and fishes in earlier feeding stages. In O. saurus, an intermediate stage was apparent in which material obtained from a cleaning habit made an important contribution to the diet. Juveniles of two species, L. rhomboides and C. nebulosus, exhibited carnivorous stages in which both benthic invertebrates and small fishes were important in the diet. Specimens of S. marina and S. foetens were primarily piscivorous. Detritus was an important dietary component in six species. In S. nephelus, M. gulosus, and C. saburrae, detritus was a major food item throughout most of the available size ranges. In M. beryllina, detritus was the major food item in the smallest size class examined. Appreciable amounts of detritus were also consumed by juveniles of O. oglinum and adults of H. unifasciatus.

CAGE CULTURE OF SOME MARINE FISHES IN THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE CANALS OF A STEAM — ELECTRIC GENERATING STATION, GALVESTON BAY, TEXAS

ABSTRACTSeveral species of marine fishes were cultured in cages in the intake and discharge canals of the P. H. Robinson Generating Station on Galveston Bay, Texas. Survival in the intake canal cages of Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus), pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), white mullet (Mugil curema), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), and black drum (Pogonias cromis) was on the average 70% or greater, while that of pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera), Gulf kingfish (Menticirrhus littoralis), and silver perch (Bairdiella chrysura) was less than 70%. With the exception of pinfish, survival of caged fish in the discharge canal was extremely poor. Gas‐bubble disease was the probable cause of their mortality. Only croaker and pompano adapted to surface feeding in cages. Croaker, pinfish, and pompano cultured in cages were rated acceptable by a 12‐member taste panel. Mean taste evaluation scores for croaker, pinfish, and pompano for the appearance, flavor, and overall satisfaction categories were not significantly different (P=0.01). After about 1 year in the water, most cages used in the intake canal were in goad condition, but those located in the discharge canal were in poor condition.

Summer Foods of Some Fish Species in East Bay, Texas

Stomach contents are reported for 83 croaker (Micropogon undulatus) and 280 sand trout (Cynoscion arenarius); also for a few individuals each of sheepshead (Archosargus oviceps), sand perch Bairdiella chrysura), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), and redfish (Sciaenops ocellata). Variety is characteristic in the diets of all species. Populations of these fishes depend upon an adequate supply of small fishes, shrimps, and mollusks. During the summers of 1954 and 1955, the senior author was engaged in biological studies of East Bay, Texas, as a project of the Marine Division of the Texas Game and Fish Commission. During the investigations the food and feeding habits of several fishes were given attention. The junior authors participated in a program during the summer of 1955, and did intensive work in stomach analyses. Reid (1955a, 1955b) has presented general data on the food of sume East Bay fishes during the summer of 1954. The present paper presents a more salient account of the food relationships of certain of the fishes, and considers the effects on feeding habits of the introduction of more saline water (resulting from the construction of a pass between the bay and Gulf of Mexico, as described below) into the originally estuarine habitat. East Bay is a northeastwardly oriented arm of the Galveston Bay system, although an extensive reef (Hanna Reef) located across the lower end of the bay serves rather effectively as a barrier between East Bay and Galveston Bay proper. East Bay, approximately 20 miles long and five miles wide at the lower end, is separated from the Gulf by a slender projection of land, Bolivar Peninsula. The maximum depth at mean tide is about seven feet. The upper (northeast) portion of the bay is now connected with the Gulf by a pass (Rollover Pass) approximately 1900 feet long and 80 feet wide, opened in January, 1955. 'Contribution from the Marine Laboratory, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Rockport_ 2Formerly Department of Wildlife Management, Texas A&M College, College Station. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.37 on Thu, 28 Apr 2016 05:26:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms