Bag Weight Research Articles

A Study To Evaluate The Effect Of Back Pack Load On Weight Bearing, Among School Children, Using Digital Weighing Machine

Background and objective: The impact of musculoskeletal diseases is widespread among student population and may affect any age group. Some conditions often last from adolescence into adulthood. Notably, most of the studies assessed the weight distribution over the foot using force plates and other posturography units. To identify the effect of backpack loads and the carrying patterns of the students on the weight-bearing of the children using digital weighing machines. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done on 150 school going children aged 10 to 14 years.The asymmetric weight distribution of foot was checked using a digital weighing machine in 3 patterns; backpack weight on the right shoulder, backpack weight on the left shoulder and backpack weight on both the shoulders. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted between the weight bearing of the normal standing when compared to the standing either with a shoulder bag on the right side or on the left side. Also, significant differences were noted between the weight bearing of normal standing weight and standing with shoulder bag on both sides. (P< 0.001) Conclusion: When carrying a load bilaterally or unilaterally, the result shows a statistical variation when compared to vertical standing with no weight. Musculoskeletal changes may be suspected in the future if proper awareness programs are not implemented in schools and at home. Additionally, the relevant authority’s lack of awareness about the ideal bag weight was a noted disadvantage. Backpacks with additional horizontal straps can reduce these stresses; modification of bag weight, as well as activities such as core muscle strengthening, can be some of the precautionary measures that can be incorporated into the school curriculum beginning from the primary school itself.

Efficiency assessment of cord blood banking and compatibility with delayed cord clamping.

There is debate whether delayed umbilical cord clamping following delivery, the current gold standard, affects the proportion of cord blood units (CBU) suitable for public cord blood banking. This study was designed to assess the impact of delayed cord clamping on the number of CBU suitable for therapeutic uses. To minimize variability, data from the four most active collection centers within the Programa Concordia (Spain) were included. Data on CBU collected in utero from mothers following normal vaginal deliveries from July 2018 to December 2021 were analyzed. The weight of the collection bags (as a surrogate of volume) and total nucleated cell (TNC) count were analyzed according to three defined clamping times: 30 s, 60 s and ≥120 s. The CBU were stratified as suitable for stem cell transplantation (≥110 g and ≥1,500×106 TNC/unit) or other clinical applications (≥100 g but TNC count below the threshold). - There were 131 (18%), 548 (76%), and 40 (5%) CBU collected at 30 s, 60 s and ≥120 s, respectively. The median weight of the CBU decreased gradually with time, with a significant difference between units collected when the cord was clamped at 30 s or 60 s (p=0.036), so significantly fewer CBU met the minimal weight criterion (100 g) at 60 s than at 30 s (p=0.002). However, this was not reflected by the TNC available, resulting in non-statistical differences in CBU eligible for banking between these times. The major predictor of collection success was the neonate's birth-weight. -Despite decreases in the volume of cord blood collected when cord clamping at 30 s or 60 s, TNC count is maintained resulting in similar numbers of CBU eligible for banking. The different clamping delays investigated in this study are, therefore, compatible with public cord blood banking needs.

Capacity Limit Measuring Tool on Children's School Bags Using Esp32 Microcontroller and GPS Tracker

Backpacks are the main choice for students as a means of carrying school supplies and materials, but often they do not pay attention to the weight of the load they carry every day, potentially causing injuries and pain in the back. This study aims to design and implement a capacity limit measuring device on children's school bags using the ESP32 microcontroller as the control center. The tool is equipped with a 10kg load cell sensor to accurately measure the weight of the bag, as well as a keypad as a user interface to easily enter the child's weight. Safety is also considered with the addition of a buzzer as an alarm if the weight of the bag's capacity exceeds the set limit. GPS trackers are also integrated to monitor the geographical location of bags, allowing parents to monitor the movement of children and the location of bags directly through Telegram bots. With ESP32 as the brain, this tool provides a comprehensive solution to maintain the health and safety of children in carrying their school load. This tool also utilizes Telegram technology to provide direct notifications about the weight and location of children's bags to parents or other users. Telegram bots connected to this tool automatically transmit this information, providing additional convenience and security for users.

SECURE FLOW - “A Life Saving Intravenous Drip System”

Intravenous (IV) therapy is a common medical procedure that involves the delivery of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein. Intravenous drips are often used in hospitals and clinics to treat a variety of conditions, including dehydration, sepsis, and chemotherapy. Traditionally, Intravenous drips are controlled manually by healthcare professionals or nurses. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of automated Intravenous drip systems. These systems can help to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of Intravenous therapy. The system “Secure flow” is proposed to use solenoid valve to control the flow of fluid, and the load cell is used to measure the weight of the Intravenous bag. If the weight of the Intravenous bag decreases below a certain threshold, the solenoid valve is activated to stop the flow of fluid and also sends an alert notification to the registered number. It also has a potentiometer which can be used to adjust the preset value of the liquid in the solenoid to flow through the patient’s body. Overall, this system has the potential to improve the safety, efficiency, and accuracy of Intravenous therapy. This system can be a valuable tool for hospitals and clinics that are looking to improve the quality of care that they provide to their patients.

THE HEAVY LOAD OF THE BACKPACK ON THE SHOULDER POSITION AT THE AGE OF 12-15 YEARS AT SMPN 56 SURABAYA

Using backpacks causes many problems for the body and has a negative impact on the user. Continuous use of a backpack will cause irreversible changes to the user. The heavy load on a backpack doesn't just have an impact on shoulder pain. Analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach, the research was carried out by weighing the bag, distributing questionnaires to assess the length of time the bag was used and age, and measuring the position of the right and left shoulders using a measuring scale. Results; bag weighing ± 3.52 kg with a minimum bag weight of 1.90 kg and a maximum of 7.6 kg. using the bag on average ±27.25 minutes, with a minimum time of 5 minutes and a maximum time of 120 minutes. The average left shoulder posture is ± 124.28, the minimum value is 108 and the maximum value is 145. The average right shoulder posture is ± 123.50, the minimum value is 107 and the maximum value is 141. Conclusion; there is no relationship between the weight of the bag used by the respondent and the posture of the respondent's right shoulder, as evidenced by the resulting significance value of 0.607 <0.05, there is no relationship between the weight of the bag used by the respondent and the posture of the respondent's left shoulder, as evidenced by the resulting significance value of 0.848 < 0.05, the weight of the bag used is still normal and has a value below 10% of the student's body weight.

IJCM_218A: Association between school bag weight and trunk strength among children in Mangalore

Background: School bags serve as a practical means for students to transport essential academic materials and personal items, including food. The significance of school bag weight has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its potential impact on the musculoskeletal health of school children. Excessive school bag weight has been identified as a significant contributor to various health issues, ranging from neck pain and shoulder discomfort to headaches, general fatigue, decreased muscle strength, and, notably, back injuries among children. Methods: The study involved 178 school children in Mangalore, ranging from 10-15 years, for a period of 23 days. School bag weights were measured using calibrated scales, and trunk strength was assessed using a hand held dynamometer. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square test, student’s ‘t’ test and Karl Pearson correlation test were employed to identify any significant relationships between these variables. Results: Preliminary findings revealed a positive correlation between school bag weight and trunk strength among the participants. Results indicated that a considerable proportion (83.1%) of students were burdened with an excessive load of bags. The evaluated muscular strength was discovered to be diminished in these individuals, and they experienced symptoms that were interconnected, highlighting the potential impact of school bag weight on the musculoskeletal health of children in Mangalore. Conclusion: These findings advocate measures to alleviate the burden on children’s musculoskeletal health. Further research and interventions are warranted to promote a balanced and healthy school environment for the well-being of the younger generation.

Schoolbag weight and its relationship to the occurrence of pain among schoolchildren in the western region of Libya

This study investigated the relationship between the schoolbag weight, and factors related to schoolbag carriage and occurrence of pain among primary school children in western part of Libya. 2371 students (1212 male and 1159 female) in grades 1 - 4 (6-9 years) were selected. Weight, tall and schoolbag weight were measured and questionnaire was used to collection the data. During the interviewing period children were classified as having pain or non. ANOVA, T-test and Logistic regression were used for analysis the data. Among participants, (96.25%) of students were used two-strap backpack with general mean weight was 3.85 kg. (91.40%) of students carried more than 10% of their body weight. Of 2371 children, neck 1137 (47.90%), Shoulder 1481 (62.60%), back 1179 (49.70%) were classified as having pain while, neck 1234 (52.10%), Shoulder 890 (37.40%), back 1192 (50.30%) were classified as having no pain respectively. The bag weight was significantly associated with occurrence of pain in primary school children.

Insights from home parenteral nutrition infusion data

ObjectivePatients with chronic intestinal failure use home parenteral nutrition infusion support. Non-compliance of home parenteral nutrition treatment is well documented, especially if clinical resources are remote. Objective delivery data from Infusion Pump reports have the potential to support treatment progress and planning. The aim of this study was to report the efficacy and accuracy of the Eitan Insights digital health platform for home parenteral nutrition use (a platform providing data-driven insights from the pump-recorded data). MethodsA prospective, single-center observational study of 20 patients treated with home parenteral nutrition ≥3 d/wk was conducted over 2022. The patients recorded the pre- and postinfusion home parenteral nutrition bag weight, duration of infusion, and alarms. We compared manual records to the pump data. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 45 data sets were collected, with no adverse events noted. In multiple comparisons between patient factors and descriptive statistics, there was no significant difference between manually recorded and pump-recorded data for volume infused (mean values of manual versus pump were 1707 ± 362 mL and 1708 ± 405 mL; P = 0.939) and infusion duration (mean values of manual versus pump iwere 9h 43 min ± 2.48 SD versus 9h 45 min ± 2.41 SD; P = 0.858). ConclusionThe data collected by the digital platform accurately reflect patients’ infusion data. This connected device has the potential to allow clinicians to be more informed and assess treatment trends and proactive resource planning through the Infusion Pump data insights.

The Weight of a Ten-Pound Bag of Potatoes

Summary The weight of a ten-pound bag of potatoes is almost certainly not exactly ten pounds. Rather, it is a random variable with a minimum of ten pounds. We investigate the distribution of these weights in the context of a renewal theorem from the theory of stochastic processes and provide a straightforward demonstration of this theorem using basic tools from calculus.

THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL BAG WEIGHT ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH: AN URGENT CALL FOR ACTION

In recent years, the issue of school bag weight and its impact on the health of children has gained significant attention from health experts, educators, and concerned parents alike. The consensus among experts is clear: a heavy backpack can have detrimental effects on a child’s physical well-being. The repercussions of lugging around an overloaded bag are far-reaching, with potential consequences ranging from headaches and shoulder pain to lower back pain, neck discomfort, and even arm pain. It is an issue that demands immediate attention and action, as it directly affects the health and well-being of our future generations.
 One might wonder why this issue persists when governments, like that of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, have taken steps to address it. In 2020, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government introduced the School Bags Limitation of Weight Act, aiming to regulate the weight of school bags and protect the health of young students. Under this act, specific weight limits were established for school bags based on grade levels, with the intention of preventing excessive loads. For instance, nursery class children were advised not to carry bags weighing more than 1.5kg, while class one students were recommended to limit their bags to 2.4kg. The weight limits increased incrementally as students advanced in grade, with students in class 11 and 12 advised to carry bags not exceeding 7kg. The introduction of such legislation was a significant step toward ensuring the well-being of young students.
 However, despite these commendable efforts by the government, the implementation of these regulations remains a challenge. Reports from parents, educators, and students suggest that many schools have yet to adhere to these guidelines effectively. This raises the question of whether the regulations are being enforced rigorously and whether the well-being of children is truly being prioritized. It is crucial for both government and private schools to take this issue seriously and implement the weight limits as stipulated by the law.

Single-use plastic bag alternatives result in higher environmental impacts: Multi-regional analysis in country with uneven waste management

Single-use plastics (SUPs) have been the focus of plastic pollution control, and limiting their use while shifting to other alternatives have been widely promoted in various countries. This study tries to verify the life cycle environmental performances of single-use plastic bag and its alternatives under different scenarios in real world. China is chosen as case study, where provincial variability is prominent in waste disposal, and strictest plastics ban has issued lately in this worldwide biggest market. The study found that HDPE plastic bags have relatively lowest environmental footprints regarding to Acidification Potential, Global Warming Potential, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Eutrophication Potential, Fossil Fuel Depletion Potential and Water Use. Sticking to current waste treatment, large-scale promotion of degradable products will increase environmental impacts by 1.4–22.6 times nationwide. Xinjiang has highest impact of using plastic bag at household level, due to its long-distance transport and high landfill ratio. Henan and Hebei will trigger the most significant changes in Global Warming Potential of 4.6 and 4.4 times if single-use plastic bags are all replaced with other alternatives. Uncertainty and sensitivity test further prove the robustness of results, and extends geographical implications of the findings. These suggest that introduction of new alternatives requires systematic deployment with full life cycle thinking, and SUPs pollution control should be a holistic transformation. Reducing bag weight while ensuring carrying capacity, purchasing local products to shorten transportation distances and shifting towards cleaner energy sources are synergetic ways to reduce the environmental impact of single-use plastic products.

The Relationship of Bag Load to Changes Vertebra Curves in Students (Study on Students Age 9-12 Years at SDIT Al Ikhlas, Magetan)

In children aged 9-12, reduced bone density, length of schooling, duration of daily bag use and bag weight exceeding the recommended weight of 10-15% of body weight can affect changes in the vertebral curve either into kyphosis, lordosis or scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bag load and changes in the vertebral curve as measured by the plumb line and scoliometer. The load of the bag is seen from 2 things, namely the weight of the bag and the duration of use of the bag. The research method used a cross sectional study with a sample of 207 school children aged 9-12 years using 2 analytical tests. The results of the Kendall's tau-b analysis test showed p-value = 0.773 and 0.262 (>0.005) which showed that there was no relationship between the weight and duration of bag use and changes in the vertebral curve. The results of the Spearman Rho test analysis showed p-value = 0.448 and 0.407 (> 0.005) which showed no relationship between weight and duration of bag use with the degree of change in the vertebral curve (Angle of Trunk Rotation/ATR).

Comparison of Bag Weight and Applied Location on Plantar Pressure and Gait in the Twenties Student

Comparison of Bag Weight and Applied Location on Plantar Pressure and Gait in the Twenties Student

Pyramid multi-loss vision transformer for thyroid cancer classification using cytological smear

Multi-instance learning, a commonly used technique in artificial intelligence for analyzing slides, can be applied to diagnose thyroid cancer based on cytological smears. Since smears do not have multidimensional histological features similar to histopathology, mining potential contextual information and diversity of features is crucial for better classification performance. In this paper, we propose a pyramid multi-loss vision transformer model called PyMLViT, a novel algorithm with two core modules to address these issues. Specifically, we design a pyramid token extraction module to acquire potential contextual information on smears. The pyramid token structure extracts multi-scale local features, and the vision transformer structure further obtains global information through the self-attention mechanism. Furthermore, we construct multi-loss fusion module based on the conventional multi-instance learning framework. With carefully designed bag and patch weight allocation strategies, we incorporate slide-level annotations as pseudo-labels for patches to participate in training, thus enhancing the diversity of supervised information. Extensive experimental results on the real-world dataset show that PyMLViT has a high performance and a competitive number of parameters compared to popular methods for diagnosing thyroid cancer in cytological smears.

Keeping up with my neighbors: The influence of social norm feedback interventions on recycling behavior in urban multifamily buildings

Existing research indicates comparative social norm feedback can be influential in nudging recycling in more sustainable directions, but little work has explored this mechanism in urban multifamily buildings. This research builds upon existing work in this area by conducting 12 weeks of interventions in two multifamily buildings in New York City, in which one building (n=372) received weekly comparative feedback comparing their building's recycling to neighbors and another building (n=602) received weekly non-comparative feedback data about their building only. Two main findings emerged: (1) Data indicate increased recycling by bag weight (interpolated for a one-year period from the weights of waste samples) in the intervention period in both buildings, pointing to effectiveness in increasing recycling from social norm feedback, and (2) the comparative feedback mechanism appears to be a stronger driver of behavior change. Takeaways from this work can inform urban policy and property manager decision-making for solid waste management.

Frequency of Scoliosis among School Going Students Carrying Heavy Bags: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

Objective: Scoliosis is structural change that occurs in a diversity of conditions. Development of the scoliosis during time periods of rapid child growth may consequence in severe abnormality. This survey had the purpose to find out the scoliosis frequency among school going students with age 11-16 years and determine possible associations among scoliosis and bodyweight and the bagpacks weight.
 Method: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 374 students with age of 11-16 years old boys and girls were having no abnormality or any MSK deformity was involved in the survey. All students were monitored by Adam's forward bend test and physical inspection test and for this purpose SRS-22r patient questionnaire was used. All data collected via a questionnaire which coded it into SPSS version 26. Data was constituted in configuration of bar charts, graphs and tables.
 Results: This inquiry contains 374 participants, and means weight of students 43.83±11.98, and mean weight of bags 5.21±1.99. The frequency of scoliosis among respondents was 48.66%, 103(27.54%) students were suffering from right Scoliotic hump, and 79(21.12%) have left Scoliotic hump. The frequency of shoulder & scapular asymmetry 73%, uneven hips 19.7%, head deviation 50.8%, body overweight 1.9%, carrying immoderate heavy school bag packs material 4%.
 Conclusion: The scoliosis frequency among the sample of school going students was high. The statistical analysis showed that scoliosis was positively correlated with weight of students with statistically significant (p=0.000). No association was found among frequency of scoliosis and bags weigh.

Prototype Monitoring Kantung Cairan Infus Berbasis Internet Of Things (IOT)

Infusion or intravenous therapy is the introduction of a fluid or drug into the body through the intravenous route at a constant rate over a certain period of time and is carried out continuously as a treatment measure. The extensive hospital conditions, coupled with the condition of different patients, infusion changes are often a common problem, such as infusion fluids that have run out but have not been replaced, which is a problem when patients have to be hospitalized. To overcome this problem, the Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Infusion Bag Monitoring Prototype is a prototype to assist medical personnel in monitoring the volume of fluid in the infusion bag remotely so as not to constantly check the patient's infusion in each room. The purpose of this study is to create an infusion bag weight monitoring device to monitor the volume of infusion fluid for each inpatient based on the internet of things (IoT) by utilizing the workings of a load cell sensor that functions to read infusion weight. As a microcontroller unit, it uses ESP8266 as a data uploader to the internet so that medical personnel can monitor the condition of the infusion bag for each patient through hospital devices, both computers and smartphones with the Blynk application.

Microcontroller-based urine output monitoring system design and implementation

Urinary system disorders that occur at later ages are more common as the average human lifespan increases. Although urinary system disorders are widespread among elderly individuals, these disorders are seen in young people. The catheter system is used in some diseases such as urinary incontinence in the elderly. In addition, patients in different age groups who are hospitalized may need the catheter system during their treatment processes. In this study, a urine output monitoring system was designed and implemented to facilitate the tracking of the patient’s health situation. The designed control system was created based on the PIC18f45K22 microcontroller. The urine output monitoring system was created with a load cell, color sensor, buzzer, liquid crystal display screen, and Bluetooth communication units. A mechanical connection system was developed in which the urinary drainage bag attached to the catheter could be suspended to the control system by means of a hook. Thus, the developed system measured the weight of the urinary bag with a mean relative error value between 0.18% and 1.25%. The load cell–based created control system sensed the weight of the urinary catheter system and gave a warning when the urine in the drainage bag reached a predetermined weight. In addition, the optical density of the urine was measured, sent to the control unit using a wireless Bluetooth communication system, and classified on a 5-point scale to provide a simple visual indicator for caregivers to distinguish normal urine from urine requiring investigation. An audible warning was created using the microcontroller-based system in case of an emergency. The health condition of the patient was visualized through the designed interface program.

Impact of Educational Intervention in Reducing the Weight of School Bags in Selected School Children.

To assess the effectiveness of educational intervention to reduce the weight of school bags. The study design was one group pre- and posttest experimental Research design. Government Senior Secondary School Dhanas, Chandigarh, and Shri Guru Harkrishan Model Senior Secondary School Sector-38D, Chandigarh (A private school) between July and November 2018. Names of the schools can be avoided. Total 760 students from selected sections nursery to 10th class of school were enrolled in the study. At baseline and end line weight of children, school bags and its content were weighed using weighing scale. Length of bag strap, breath of bag, torso of children, and their shoulders size were measured by measuring tape. Bag carrying style, posture, etc., were observed by observation checklist. Interviewed children (5th to 10th class) were using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire for musculoskeletal system assessment. Educational intervention was provided to the children for one month to reduce weight of school bag by teaching in assembly and displaying the charts in school. (Use of softbound thin textbooks, breaking thin books in 2-3 thin softbound books, use lightweight bag, pencil box, lunch box, and water bottles. Pack bag as per timetable.). The result revealed that heavy school bags were carrying 69.7% children from government school and 80.2% from private school. Children carrying heavy bags reported musculoskeletal problems 5 times higher than their counterparts. After intervention, there was significant reduction in the weight of school bags (P < 0.001 as per paired t-test). Provide the weight of the bags before and after intervention in addition to the P value. Children carrying heavy bags were suffering from musculoskeletal problems. Intervention helped in reducing the weight of school bag.

The Biomechanical Effects of Different Bag-Carrying Styles on Lumbar Spine and Paraspinal Muscles: A Combined Musculoskeletal and Finite Element Study.

Bags such as handbags, shoulder bags, and backpacks are commonly used. However, it is difficult to assess the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles using traditional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine. We developed a hybrid model that combined a finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine and musculoskeletal models of three bag-carrying styles. The image data was collected from a 26-years-old, 176 cm and 70 kg volunteer. OpenSim and ABAQUS were used to do the musculoskeletal analysis and finite analysis. Paraspinal muscle force, intervertebral compressive force (ICF), and intervertebral shear force (ISF) on L1 were calculated and loaded into the FE model to assess the stress distribution on the lumbar spine. Different paraspinal muscle activation occurred in the three bag-carrying models. The increase in the ICF generated by all three bags was greater than the bags' weights. The handbag produced greater muscle force, ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the nucleus pulposus than the backpack and shoulder bag of the same weight. Peak stress on the intervertebral discs in the backpack model and the L1-L4 segments of the shoulder bag model increased linearly with bag weight, and increased exponentially with bag weight in the handbag model. Unbalanced bag-carrying styles (shoulder bags and handbags) led to greater muscle force, which generated greater ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the lumbar spine. The backpack produced the least burden on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles. Heavy handbags should be used carefully in daily life.