Baduanjin Group Research Articles

The effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on breast cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Tai Chi and Baduanjin are nonpharmacological interventions that are widely applied among cancer patients. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on breast cancer patients by summarizing and pooling the results of previous studies. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library and several databases were searched up to December 1, 2023, to identify high-quality RCTs. Relevant terms such as Tai Chi and Baduanjin were used as keywords. Stata 15.0 software and Review Manager (version 5.3; Cochrane Training) were used to screen the studies, extract the data, code the data, and perform the meta-analysis. The mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were used to calculate continuous variables. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The PICOS framework was used to develop the following eligibility criteria: (i) population - breast cancer patients; (ii) intervention - Tai Chi and Baduanjin intervention; (iii) comparison - Tai Chi and Baduanjin group and different intervention (e.g., regular intervention, routine rehabilitation training, waiting list, sham Qigong, usual care, no intervention); (iv) outcomes - cognitive ability, shoulder joint function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality, quality of life; and (v) study design - randomized controlled trial. From January 2013 to December 2023, we included a total of 16 RCTs involving 1247 patients. A total of 647 patients were in the experimental group and were treated with Tai Chi and Baduanjin, while 600 patients were in the control group and were treated with traditional methods. The results of our meta-analysis indicate that Tai Chi and Baduanjin yield outcomes that are comparable to those of traditional treatment methods. Specifically, Tai Chi and Baduanjin significantly increased cognitive function, increased shoulder joint function, improved sleep quality indicators and improved quality of life indicators. Furthermore, Tai Chi and Baduanjin significantly reduced anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and fatigue symptoms among breast cancer patients. Sensitivity analysis was performed, a funnel plot was constructed. No publication bias was indicated by Egger's or Begg's test. Overall, Tai Chi and Baduanjin are viable and effective nonpharmacological approaches for treating breast cancer patients, as they yield better results than traditional treatment methods. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of controlled trials, small sample sizes, and low quality of the evidence. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023469301.

The effects of Baduanjin on fine motor skills in mild and moderate Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFine motor impairment is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which reduces patients’ quality of life. There are few suitable targeted treatments. We conducted a clinical trial to determine whether Baduanjin Qigong exercise would increase fine motor skills in PD patients. MethodsSixty PD patients (Hoehn-Yahr stage 1–4) with hand fine motor impairment were randomly assigned to the Baduanjin group and the physical activity group. Baduanjin group practiced Baduanjin exercise five times weekly for 40 min (warm-up 5 min, Baduanjin 30 min, cool-down 5 min). The usual physical activity groups maintained their habit of usual physical activities. The participants underwent assessments in the “ON” medication state at baseline and 4-week follow-up time points. The Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) was used as the primary outcome to assess manual dexterity. The secondary outcomes included the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, part III (MDS-UPDRS III), and the Parkinson’s disease questionnaire (PDQ-39). ResultsThe results of PPT revealed the Baduanjin group showed statistically significant improvement in the “non-dominant hand” and “assembly” scores compared to the usual physical activity group (P < 0.05), but with no significant difference in “dominant hand” and “both hands” (P > 0.05). Additionally, the Baduanjin group showed better performance in the PDQ-39 (P < 0.05). ConclusionOur study concludes that a 4-week Baduanjin exercise is effective in improving fine motor function and quality of life in patients with mild and moderate PD. The results suggest a promising intervention to be implemented in community or home settings for managing fine motor impairment in PD.

Effect of Sitting Baduanjin exercise on early rehabilitation of sepsis patients with non-invasive ventilation : a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFor patients with sepsis receiving non-invasive ventilation (NIV), early rehabilitation is crucial. The Sitting Baduanjin (SBE) is an efficient early rehabilitation exercise suitable for bed patients. There is no consensus about the effect of SBE on the early rehabilitation of septic patients with NIV. This study focused on how the SBE affected the early rehabilitation of sepsis patients with NIV.Methods96 sepsis patients with NIV were randomly assigned to either an Baduanjin group that received the SBE based on the routine rehabilitation exercise (n = 48) or a control group (n = 48) that received routine rehabilitation exercise. The primary outcome was the Medical Research Council(MRC)score, and the Barthel Index score, the duration of NIV, length of ICU stay, length of total stay, hospitalization expense as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 245 sepsis patients were screened, with 96 randomly assigned. The study was completed by 90 patients out of the 96 participants.Results revealed that the MRC score increased in both groups, but the improvement of muscle strength in Baduanjin group was more obvious, with statistical significance (p < 0.001).There was statistically significantly difference between the two groups in Barthel Index at the day of transfer out of ICU(P = 0.028).The patients in the Baduanjin group had an average reduction of 24.09 h in the duration of NIV and 3.35 days in total length of hospital stay compared with the control group (p < 0.05).Of note, the Baduanjin group had significantly reduction the total hospitalization expense. No serious adverse events occurred during the intervention period.ConclusionsIn patients with sepsis, the SBE appears to improve muscle strength and activities of daily living (ADL), and lowed the duration of NIV, the length of the total stay, and the hospitalization expense.Trial registrationThe study registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn), Clinical Trials identifier ChiCTR1800015011 (28/02/2018).

Effect of modified Baduanjin exercise on nutritional status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.

As a traditional Chinese fitness technique, Baduanjin is a low- to medium-intensity aerobic exercise that has a common regulatory effect on both body and mind and is also an important means of disease prevention and treatment. However, the role of Baduanjin in improving patients' nutritional status and promoting tumor recovery remains to be confirmed. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the modified Baduanjin exercise on the nutritional status of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This is a randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited from patients in the Radiotherapy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in China. A total of 121 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and the Baduanjin group. Finally, 106 patients completed the study (53 cases each in the control group and the Baduanjin group) with the intervention time from the beginning to the end of radiotherapy. The control group received conventional care (health education and regular conventional exercise), and the Baduanjin exercise group received health education and regularly improved Baduanjin exercise, with the intervention time from the beginning to the end of the radiotherapy. Patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) was evaluated before, during (15 times), and at the end of radiotherapy as the main evaluation index to compare nutritional status between the two groups. From August 2022 to December 2022, 121 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and the Baduanjin group. During the intervention, 15 patients withdrew from the study, leading to 53 of 59 patients in the control group and 53 of 62 patients in the Baduanjin group. After the intervention, the PG-SGA score, radioactive oral mucositis, andoropharyngeal pain score were lower (P < 0.05), whereas anorexia scores,the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, and total protein were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Modified Baduanjin exercise can improve the nutritional status of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and deserves further clinical application. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under the registration number ChiCTR2200064519, registered on August 27, 2022. The public research topic is the construction and intervention research based on Internet + nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Baduanjin for ischemic heart failure with mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction (BEAR Trial): A randomized controlled trial.

While Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, has shown potential health benefits, its efficacy in improving outcomes for heart failure patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF) has not been well documented. We aimed to investigate the adjunctive impact of Baduanjin on exercise capacity and quality of life for HFmrEF/HFpEF. Patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF were enrolled in this multicenter randomized clinical trial. All participants were randomized to conventional cardiac rehabilitation with or without an additional 12-week Baduanjin exercise. The primary endpoint was the distance covered in a 6-min walk test (6MWD), while key secondary outcomes included quality of life measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and cardiopulmonary function including anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT). A total of 120 patients were enrolled, and 109 completed all session and tests. The mean age of the 120 patients was 60.5 years (SD, 9.21 years), and 23 (19.2%) were women. The Baduanjin group exhibited a 6.14% improvement in 6MWD compared to a 1.32% improvement in the control group (median improvement, 25.0vs. 5.0m; p<0.001) at 12th week. The VO2 AT increased by 25.87% in the Baduanjin group versus 3.94% in the control group (p<0.001). Quality of life also significantly improved in the Baduanjin group as indicated by MLHFQ score changes (-16.8% vs. -3.99%; p<0.001). Adding Baduanjin to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with ischemic HFmrEF or HFpEF are generally safe and could provide significant improvements in exercise capacity and quality of life.

Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive frailty, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial.

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis process of cognitive frailty (CF). Regular Baduanjin exercise could improve cognitive frailty in older adults, but it is unclear whether the effect of Baduanjin exercise on improving CF is mediated by modulating circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory process. A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults with CF were recruited and randomly allocated into a 24-week Baduanjin exercise training group or no specific exercise intervention control group at an equal rate. Cognitive function and physical frailty index were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), as well as the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and after intervention. After 24 weeks of intervention, the increased MoCA score (2.51 ± 0.32 points, p < 0.001) and the decreased EFS scores (1.94 ± 0.20 points, p = 0.012) in the Baduanjin group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum antioxidant SOD levels were increased by 10.03 ± 4.73 U/mL (p < 0.001), and the prooxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were decreased by -1.08 ± 0.80 nmol/mL (p = 0.030) and -86.61 ± 15.03 ng/L (p < 0.001) in the Baduanjin training group; while inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 levels were increased (1.08 ± 0.33 pg./mL, p = 0.034, 2.74 ± 0.75 pg./mL, p = 0.04 and 1.48 ± 0.35 pg./mL, p = 0.042). In addition, a mediation effect that Baduanjin training improved cognitive ability mediated by an increase of circulating IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were observed in this study. Regular Baduanjin exercise training could improve the cognitive frailty of the community-dwelling older adults with CF, and modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory processes by reducing circulating pro-oxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels and increasing anti-oxidative SOD levels, as well as impacting inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Baduanjin exercise mediating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes should be cautious to be explained. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, ChiCTR1800020341.

Impact of Baduanjin exercise combined with rational emotive behavior therapy on sleep and mood in patients with poststroke depression: A randomized controlled trial.

Poststroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common stroke complications. It not only leads to a decline in patients' quality of life but also increases the mortality of patients. In this study, the method of combining Chinese traditional exercise Baduanjin with psychotherapy was used to intervene in patients with PSD and to explore the improvement of sleep, mood, and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients with PSD by combined treatment. A total of 100 patients with PSD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to Baduanjin group (n = 50) or control group (n = 50). The control group received treatment with escitalopram oxalate and rational emotive behavior therapy, while the experimental group received Baduanjin training in addition to the treatment given to the control group. Changes in sleep efficiency, sleep total time, sleep latency, arousal index, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale score, serum BDNF, 5-HT, IL-6 levels, and Modified Barthel Index were measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention, and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Significantly improvements in the sleep efficiency, sleep total time, serum 5-HT, BDNF levels, and Modified Barthel Index score were detected at week 4 in the Baduanjin group than in the control group (P < .05). Additionally, the sleep latency, arousal index, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale scores and IL-6 levels in the Baduanjin group were lower than those in the control group (P < .05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the above indexes in the Baduanjin group were further improved compared with the control group (P < .05), and the above indexes of the 2 groups were significantly improved compared with the baseline (P < .001). Baduanjin exercise combined with rational emotive behavior therapy effectively improves the mood and sleep status of patients with PSD; It increases the serum levels of 5-HT and BDNF while reducing the level of serum proinflammatory factor IL-6; additionally, the intervention alleviates the degree of neurological impairment, upgrades the ability of daily living, and improves the quality of life.

Effects of Baduanjin practice on emotional, attention and cognitive function in acupuncturists: protocol for a clinical randomized controlled neuroimaging trial.

In Chinese medicine, the mental focus and emotional stability of acupuncturists are key to optimal clinical outcomes. Many renowned acupuncturists utilize Traditional Chinese Qigong practices to enhance their concentration and emotional regulation abilities. Nevertheless, the existing literature lacks comprehensive evidence addressing this matter. This study will enroll 99 acupuncturists and randomly allocate them to one of three groups: Baduanjin, aerobic exercise, or a waiting-list control. The Baduanjin group will undertake 24 weeks of training, with three one-hour sessions weekly. The aerobic group will engage in brisk walking for the same duration and frequency. The control group will not receive any specific training. Assessments of emotion regulation, attention, cognitive functions, finger sensation, and athletic ability will be conducted at baseline (-1 week), mid-intervention (12 weeks), and post-intervention (24 weeks). Additionally, 20 participants from each group will undergo fMRI scans before and after the intervention to explore brain functional and structural changes relating to emotion, attention, cognition, motor skills, and sensory perception. This study aims to contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of Qigong practice, specifically Baduanjin, in enhancing emotional regulation, attention, and cognitive functions in acupuncturists and to investigate the neuroimaging mechanisms behind these effects. Approved by the Sichuan Regional Ethics Review Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2023KL - 118) and adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be shared through policy briefs, workshops, peer-reviewed journals, and conferences.Clinical trial registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2300076447.

Baduanjin exercise intervention trial: research protocol of a randomised controlled trial for frail kidney transplant recipients

IntroductionFrailty is one of the most common comorbidities in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Physical, psychological and social frailty could be improved by exercise intervention. Baduanjin, also known as Eight-section Brocades,...

The therapeutic efficacy of guided therapy for PCI after acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the effects of lead therapies on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, ProQuest, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was searched until January 2023. Two researchers strictly screened and checked the included literature, extracted relevant data, and used the Cochrane Manual to assess the risk quality of the literature. Using RevMan 5.3 software, Meta-analysis of 4 main outcome measures [cardiac function-related indicators, 6-minute walking distance (6 MWT), quality of life (SF-36), Seattle angina pectoris scale (SAQ)], and 3 secondary outcome measures [adverse event incidence, death incidence, and readmission rate]. 22 studies were finally included with 1754 subjects, but the overall quality of the included studies was not high. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, in the cardiac function-related indicators compared to controls, improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) index (MD = 1.42, 95%CI [-0.94, 3.79], P < .00001); however, compared with the Baduanjin group, Tai Chi ball + Baduanjin group and control group, there was no significant difference (P > .05); compared with the control group, the guidance therapy group improved the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) index (MD = -4.67, 95%CI [-6.8, -2.71], P < .00001). In comparison, the lead group improved the 6 MWT (MD = 69.44, 95%CI [30.12, 108.76], P < .00001); the SF-36 score (MD = 10.05, 95%CI [8.68, 11.42], P < .00001])and the SAQ score (MD = 6.2, 95%CI [3.97, 8.44], P < .00001). Among the secondary outcome measures, the incidence of adverse events was statistically significant (RR = 0.17, 95%CI [0.1, 0.32], P < .00001); statistically significant (RR = 0.29, 95%CI (0.1, 0.87), P < .00001); readmission (RR = 0.39, 95%CI [0.17, 0.87, 0.89], P < .00001). Based on the current study, combining conventional therapy/ exercise or using simple lead therapy after PCI can improve the treatment effect and improve the quality of life.

Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for the treatment of pain and disability on knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

To evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Exercises (TCEs) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Four databases without language or publication status restrictions were searched until April 1, 2022. Based on the principle of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study design, the researchers searched for randomized controlled trials of TCEs in treating KOA. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) pain was defined as the primary outcome, whereas stiffness and physical function were the secondary outcomes. Subsequently, two researchers conducted the process independently, and the data were analyzed using the RevManV.5.3 software. Overall, 17 randomized trials involving 1174 participants met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized data of TCEs showed a significant improvement in WOMAC pain score [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.52 to -0.10; p = 0.004], stiffness score (SMD = -0.63; 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.25; p = 0.001) and physical function score (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.15; p = 0.001) compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the combined results' stability, which was unstable after excluding articles with greater heterogeneity. A further subgroup analysis showed that it might be the reason for the heterogeneity of the different traditional exercise intervention methods. Additionally, it showed that the Taijiquan group improved pain (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI: -1.09 to 0.38; p < 0.0001; I2 = 50%), stiffness (SMD = -0.67; 95% CI -1.14 to 0.20; p = 0.005) and physical function score (SMD = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.54 to 0.16; p = 0.0003; I2 = 0%) better than the control group. The Baduanjin group improved stiffness (SMD = -1.30; 95% CI: -2.32 to 0.28; p = 0.01) and physical function (SMD = -0.52; 95% CI: -0.97 to 0.07; p = 0.02) better than the control group. However, the other interventions showed no difference compared with the control group. This systematic review provides partial evidence of the benefits of TCEs for knee pain and dysfunction. However, due to the heterogeneity of exercise, more high-quality clinical studies should be conducted to verify the efficacy. https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-4-0154/, identifier: International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) [INPLSY202240154].

Effect of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance in adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities: A comparative study.

Adults with intellectual disabilities often experience mobility limitations. Baduanjin, a mindfulness-based exercise intervention, can exert positive effects on functional mobility and balance. This study examined the impact of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance of adults with intellectual disabilities. Twenty-nine adults with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. Eighteen received a Baduanjin intervention for 9-months; 11 participants did not receive any intervention (comparison group). Physical functioning and balance were assessed using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and stabilometry. Participants in the Baduanjin group experienced significant changes in the SPPB walking test (p=.042), chair stand test (p=.015), and SPPB summary score (p=.010). No significant changes between groups were observed in any of the variables assessed at the end of the intervention. Baduanjin practice may cause significant, albeit small, improvements in physical functioning of adults with intellectual disabilities.

The effects of Baduanjin exercise vs. brisk walking on physical fitness and cognition in middle-aged patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

ObjectivePatients with schizophrenia have deficits in physical and cognitive function that may become salient in their middle ages. These deficits need active intervention to prevent functional decline. Baduanjin and brisk walking show promise as interventions in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of Baduanjin exercise vs. brisk walking in middle-aged patients with schizophrenia.MethodsIn this single-blind, 2-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial, 48 participants aged older than 40 years were enrolled and assigned to the intervention group (Baduanjin) or the control group (brisk walking). The training of both groups took place twice a week, 60 min per session, for 12 weeks. The participants were evaluated with physical, cognitive, and functional outcomes at baseline, postintervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention.ResultsThe results of the study demonstrated significant time effects in walking distance (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.094) and lower extremity strength (p = 0.006, η2 = 0.152). Post-hoc analysis revealed both groups had significant improvement in changes from baseline to the postintervention assessment (ps < 0.05) and follow-up (ps < 0.05). The results demonstrated a significant group-by-time interaction in change scores of global cognition (F = 7.01, p = 0.011, η2 = 0.133). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement in the Baduanjin group from baseline to postintervention (p = 0.021), but the improvements were not maintained at the follow-up assessment (p = 0.070). The results also demonstrated significant group effects in balance function (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.283), motor dual-task performance (p = 0.026, η2 = 0.103), and cognitive dual-task performance (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.307). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the Baduanjin group improved more than the brisk walking group in the above outcomes (ps < 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the differential effects of Baduanjin exercise and brisk walking in middle-aged patients with schizophrenia. Baduanjin might be a beneficial regimen for improving physical and cognitive function in this population. Further research with a larger sample is warranted.Clinical trial registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [202000817B0C602].

The Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Fitness of Frail Elderly.

Background: Frailty is a serious physical disorder affecting the elderly all over the world. However, the frail elderly have low physical fitness, which limits the effectiveness of current exercise programs. Inspired by this, we attempted to integrate Baduanjin and strength and endurance exercises into an exercise program to improve the physical fitness and alleviate frailty among the elderly. Additionally, to achieve the goals of personalized medicine, machine learning simulations were performed to predict post-intervention frailty. Methods: A total of 171 frail elderly individuals completed the experiment, including a Baduanjin group (BDJ), a strength and endurance training group (SE), and a combination of Baduanjin and strength and endurance training group (BDJSE), which lasted for 24 weeks. Physical fitness was evaluated by 10-meter maximum walk speed (10 m MWS), grip strength, the timed up-and-go test (TUGT), and the 6 min walk test (6 min WT). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA were carried out to analyze the experimental data. In addition, nine machine learning models were utilized to predict the frailty status after the intervention. Results: In 10 m MWS and TUGT, there was a significant interactive influence between group and time. When comparing the BDJ group and the SE group, participants in the BDJSE group demonstrated the maximum gains in 10 m MWS and TUGT after 24 weeks of intervention. The stacking model surpassed other algorithms in performance. The accuracy and precision rates were 75.5% and 77.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The hybrid exercise program that combined Baduanjin with strength and endurance training proved more effective at improving fitness and reversing frailty in elderly individuals. Based on the stacking model, it is possible to predict whether an elderly person will exhibit reversed frailty following an exercise program.

Effects of mind–body exercise Baduanjin on cognition in community-dwelling older people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of a 6-month traditional Chinese mind-body Baduanjin exercise intervention on cognitive ability in older people with Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A total of 135 community-dwelling seniors with MCI were randomized into either the Baduanjin group (BDJ), the brisk walking group (BWK) or the usual physical activity control group (UPA). Cognitive ability was assessed at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months post-intervention, and 3 months after the intervention ended. Results After 6 months of intervention, the MoCA score of the BDJ group was significantly higher than that of the UPA group (P < 0.05), The Go/No-go correct numbers of the BDJ group and BWK group were significantly higher than those of the UPA group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in other outcomes, or there were only a tiny effect size. Three months after the intervention, there was no significant difference between the primary and secondary outcomes(P > 0.05). Conclusion The 6-month period of Baduanjin training has positive benefits on global cognitive function and attention function in community-dwelling elderly individuals with MCI. The effect seems to have been transient and needs to be confirmed by additional studies.

The effect of the Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being and lower back pain of college students during the pandemic.

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effect of Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being, and the lower back pain of college students during the coronavirus pandemic in China.SettingThe study was carried out in a temporary experimental center of four universities in Wenzhou city in Zhejiang Province, China.Population387 participants who were college students were allocated to two groups: the Baduanjin exercise group(BEG, n = 195); and the Control group(CG,n = 192).MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial,387 participants who were college students were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to 12-week Baduanjin exercise group (BEG, n = 195)and 12-week Control group(CG,n = 192).CAS(Coronavirus Anxiety Scale), PWBS(Psychological Well-being Scale),NMQ( Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire), was used to assess COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being, and lower back pain at second times ( before and after the intervention). The paired t-test and an independent t-test (with a 95% confidence interval) was used to compare the outcome variables of the two groups.ResultsWithin-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention. In contrast, the Baduanjin group had a significant improvement before and after the intervention. Between-group comparison, the Baduanjin group had a significant difference from the control group. The intervention effect on the Baduanjin exercise group was remarkably better than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Participants in the Baduanjin group significantly improved the corvid-19-related anxiety score decreased from ( 5.22 ± 0.45 to 5.07 ± 0.27, p < 0.05). The total psychological well-being score increased from (70.11 ± 8.65 to 84.12 ± 7.38,p < 0.05) and the prevalence of low back pain decreased from (22.45 ± 1.67 to 18.35 ± 1.05, p < 0.05) among college students.ConclusionDuring the pandemic, the Baduanjin exercise contributes to the reduction of the perceived anxiety related to COVID-19, decreases the prevalence of the lower back pain, and improves the psychological well-being of college students.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT04432038. Registered on June 16, 2020.

Effects of Home-Based Baduanjin Exercise on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) remodeling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major pathological basis associated with heart failure and increased mortality. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been verified to significantly improve prognosis and quality of life. As a traditional Chinese Qigong, Baduanjin exercise has effectively alleviated adverse LV remodeling in STEMI patients. Despite this, participation in exercise rehabilitation remains low, and home-based exercise rehabilitation may be an alternative approach. Besides, anterior STEMI is reported to have higher risk of adverse LV remodeling. However, the efficiency regarding home-based Baduanjin exercise on LV remodeling in anterior STEMI patients remains uncertain currently.Methods/DesignA single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of home-based Baduanjin exercise in anterior STEMI patients compared with moderate intensity aerobic walking. A total of 114 participants were assigned randomly to the Baduanjin group or walking control group at a 1:1 ratio. Eligible participants practiced Baduanjin or walking exercise (5 times a week) for 12 weeks, and then followed up for another 12 weeks. The primary outcome is a relative change in the LV end-diastolic volume. The secondary outcomes include the plasma levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D-5L, LV ejection fraction, patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder screener-7, short physical performance battery score, and clinical endpoint events. The proportion of circulating regulatory T-cells were also assessed. Adverse events were recorded throughout the trial for safety evaluation. Data were be analyzed by researchers blinded to the treatment allocation.DiscussionThis study provided powerful evidence for the use of home-based Baduanjin exercise in anterior STEMI patients in alleviating LV remodeling and improving clinical outcomes.Trial RegistrationThe Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine has approved this study (ZYYECK[2020]045). Written informed consent of patients were required. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047298).DisseminationOur results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through academic conferences and the Internet.

Sports intensity and energy consumption based on fractional linear regression equation

Abstract Objective The objective is to analyse and explore the characteristics of physical exercise intensity, energy expenditure and substrate metabolism using Baduanjin and the ninth broadcast gymnastics as examples. Methods The indirect calorimetry of German CORTEX Metamax 3B portable gas met bolometer was used to determine the resting energy consumption of different age and sex of healthy people and related indexes such as the energy consumption and fat metabolism ratio in the ninth set of radio gymnastic exercises. Results The metabolic equivalents of Baduanjin and radio gymnastics were 2.68 and 5.07, and the average heart rate was 76.14 l/min and 97.3 l/min, which were higher than those at rest (P &lt;0.01). In radio gymnastics, the energy consumption level of men is higher than that of women (P &lt;0.05), but the proportion of fat metabolism of women is higher than that of men (P &lt;0.05). For 20–39 years old, when they are quiet, do Baduanjinhe and do radio gymnastics, the energy consumption of the subjects was 1828.7 kcal/d, 4008.8 kcal/d and 6355.6 kcal/d, respectively and for the ages of 40–59, they were 1822.6 kcal/d, 4047.4 kcal/d, and 8204.13 kcal/d, respectively. The ratios are significantly different; the energy consumption and fat energy supply ratio of the exercise group in the radio gymnastics group are significantly higher than those in the Baduanjin group, and the exercise group is significantly higher than that in the quiet group (P &lt;0.05); The heart rate and weight were calculated and the energy consumption equations of Ba Duan Jin and radio gymnastics were established. The equations have statistical significance. Conclusion Ba Duan Jin is a low-intensity exercise while radio gymnastics is a medium-intensity exercise; Comparing energy consumption and fat of Ba Duan Jin and the ninth set of radio gymnastics, the energy ratio of the energy consumption of the ninth set of broadcast gymnastics body was significantly higher than Baduanjin movement; linear regression equation can provide a scientific basis for daily exercise and sports training, thus can promote the national fitness plan.

Baduanjin exercise ameliorates motor function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial

Background and purposeAs a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, Baduanjin has been documented to have a positive effect on cognitive and physical function in a wide range of populations, but it is unclear whether it helps improve motor function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The aim of this two-arm, randomized, parallel controlled study was to explore the rehabilitation effect of Baduanjin exercise on motor function in patients with PSCI. Materials and methodsForty-eight patients with PSCI were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The control group received health education sessions on stroke prevention and rehabilitation. The intervention group received Baduanjin training in addition to the health education intervention. Before and after the 24-week intervention, both groups completed the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis (3DGA). ResultsAfter the 24-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in the FMA, BBS, MMT and MAS test results, but the Baduanjin group exhibited significantly better FMA, BBS and MMT test results than the control group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Baduanjin exercise group showed significant improvements in spatial gait parameters, including the step length, walking speed and cadence, which were significantly better than the control group (all P < 0.05). No adverse events were reported during the study period. ConclusionThe 24-week Baduanjin exercise training may improve the limb motor function, balance, muscle strength and gait function of individuals with PSCI.

BADUANJIN EXERCISE TO TREAT FOR LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of Baduanjin in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science (WOS), CNKI, and Wanfang Databases from their inception until August 1, 2021, to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Baduanjin in the treatment of LDH. After literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation by two independent researchers, the RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. A total of 13 studies, involving 853 patients were finally included. The results showed that compared with the control group, the Baduanjin group showed remarkably improved treatment efficiency ([Formula: see text], 95% CI (1.05, 1.23), [Formula: see text]), JOA score ([Formula: see text], 95% CI (0.56, 4.68), [Formula: see text]), and VAS score ([Formula: see text], 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text]). The Baduanjin group exhibited higher VAS scores than the control group in different intervention times (within 1 month, 1–2 months, and more than two months) ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, the JOA score of the Baduanjin was better than that of the control group in the presence of intervention for more than two months ([Formula: see text], 95% CI (1.05, 7.30), [Formula: see text]). In the comparison of exercise therapy, Baduanjin has more advantages than traditional rehabilitation training, as manifested by the improved VAS score ([Formula: see text], 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text]) and JOA score ([Formula: see text], 95% CI (1.63, 3.09), [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Baduanjin can significantly improve the rehabilitation evaluation scores of LDH patients and the treatment efficiency, and its curative effect was more obvious in a long time.