Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Research Articles

Factor analysis influencing Mobile JKN user experience using sentiment analysis

<span lang="EN-US">Social security administration for health or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan), as a public legal entity, has a critical role in the health of the Indonesian population. BPJS Kesehatan introduced the Mobile national health insurance or </span><em><span lang="EN-US">jaminan kesehatan nasional</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> (JKN) application to enhance its services, enabling Indonesians to access it directly. Nevertheless, the rating of the Mobile JKN application on the Google Play Store has shown a gradual decline over time. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the user experience of the Mobile JKN application, utilizing the review data obtained from the Google Play Store. Sentiment analysis using the Naïve Bayes (NB) classification model and support vector machine (SVM) combined with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and slang word replacement. The results obtained an accuracy value of 93.33%, precision of 93.76%, recall of 93.33%, and F1-score of 93.43%. A further analysis was conducted using online service quality factors to obtain the main factors influencing the experience of Mobile JKN application users. The evaluation findings revealed that factors of security, ease of use, and timeliness are three fundamental aspects that should be given immediate attention by BPJS Kesehatan while improving the Mobile JKN application in the future.</span>

Analysis Of Direct Medical Costs On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient With Cardiovascular Disease

T2DM is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Aim of this study was to analyze the direct medical costs of outpatient T2DM management with cardiovascular disease complications. 58 T2DM patients at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, in Sumatera Utara, Indonesia were recruited in this study in April-May 2023. This study analyze based on payer prespective named as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). This quantitative research was carried out by collecting data retrospectively. Result of this study show that phycian service IDR 8,715,000, drug acquisition cost IDR 13,081,242, laboratory examination IDR 2,531,000, medical execution IDR 410,000, and administration IDR 1,425,000. Conclusion of this study, that drug acquisition cost was the highest cost IDR 13,081,242.

Analysis Of Direct Medical Cost Of Insulin Treatment In Outpatient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On Payer Perspective

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health issue that affect around 643 million people in 2030. Estimated prevalence of T2DM in adults aged 20–79 years has more than tripled, from an estimated 151 million (4.6% of the global population at the time) to 537 million (10.5%) today. This study analyze direct medical costs of insulin treatment with in T2DM outpatients. This retrospective descriptive economic evaluation was conducted in April 2023 on the basis of payer (called as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial abbreviated as BPJS) perspective, then only direct costs were included in this study. Component of direct medical cost of this research include drug acquisition costs, physician service, laboratory examination, medical execution and administration. 58 T2DM outpatients met inclusion criteria in Universitas Sumatera Utara was recruited by simple random sampling. Result of this study show that most of respondent were aged 56-65 years (58.89%). Cost/year/patient of drug acquisition costs was Rp.4,7228,970.14; physician service was Rp.1,865,172.41; laboratory examination was Rp.443,379.31; and medical execution was Rp.31,030.48 and administration was Rp.300,000.00, respectively. Drug acquisition costs was the largest cost in treating T2DM patients with insulin treatment.

Determination of Insurance Premium Rates with Aggregation Claims at BPJS with Exponential and Gamma Distributions

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) is a legal entity that has been provided by the government for the community with the aim of providing protection for all workers in Indonesia from certain socio-economic risks. National development, marked by planned and continuous strides, embodies a commitment to engage all societal, national, and state levels in fostering progress. Encompassing political, economic, socio-cultural, and defense and security realms, the development is meticulously designed to be comprehensive, targeted, integrated, gradual, and sustainable. The overarching objective is to catalyze an augmentation of national capabilities, align the standard of living for the Indonesian people with developed nations, and elevate overall welfare. To establish premium rates, a method involves multiplying the conditional expected value of claim frequency by the size of the claim, considering observed risk characteristics. A claim, in this context, constitutes a formal request to the insurance company, seeking payment in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The primary objective of this study is to establish the insurance premium rates applicable to policyholders (the insured) through the estimation of parameters in the distribution governing aggregate claims. This involves the distribution of both the number of claims and the size of the claims, and the estimation is performed using the moment method. Premium computations are executed based on two key principles: the pure premium principle and the expected value principle. This research produces the conclusion that the Poisson-Gamma aggregate claims distribution has a premium amount of 3.61 times greater than Poisson-Exponential due to the application of the anticipated value principle, namely IDR 4,403,542.94 per month and IDR 1,219,878.45 per month, respectively.

Behind the Hospital Ward: In-Hospital Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesia (Analysis of National Health Insurance Claim Sample Data).

The rising global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. This study examined in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of ICD-10, or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), in Indonesia, utilizing hospital claims data spanning from 2017 to 2022 obtained from the Indonesia Health Social Security Agency or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. The analysis, which included 610,809 hospitalized T2DM patients, revealed an in-hospital mortality rate of 6.6%. Factors contributing to an elevated risk of mortality included advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, and severe complications. Additionally, patients receiving health subsidies and those treated in government hospitals were found to have higher mortality risks. Geographic disparities were observed, highlighting variations in healthcare outcomes across different regions. Notably, the complication of ketoacidosis emerged as the most significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 10.86, underscoring the critical need for prompt intervention and thorough management of complications to improve patient outcomes.

The efficacy of combining ondansetron with dexamethasone in delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Background: Chemotherapy is the primary recourse for patients with cancer that cannot be treated using local surgery or radiotherapy. Its practical application often leads to adverse effects, including nausea and vomiting. Objective: This study determined the efficacy of oral ondansetron and oral dexamethasone as an antiemetic regimen among patients covered by the National Health Insurance. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at one of the largest hospitals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, involved 114 chemotherapy patients who received a combination antiemetic regimen of ondansetron and dexamethasone. Data on the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy were collected using the Index Nausea Vomiting and Retching (INVR) questionnaire from March to May 2023. Results: A cohort of 114 individuals were enrolled in the present investigation, with 57.02% and 42.98% of the participants receiving non-anthracycline and anthracycline-based treatment protocols, respectively. The results showed that only 1.84% of patients did not experience chemotherapy-related adverse events, 13.16% experienced mild symptoms, 21.84% had moderate symptoms, 55.26% faced severe symptoms, and 7.89% suffered from intense symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: The antiemetic regimen covered by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) (Social Insurance Administration Organization), consisting of a combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone, is moderately effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced delayed nausea and vomiting.

Impacts of unemployment benefit program on job search duration: Evidence from Indonesia

Purpose ― This study examines the impacts of the Unemployment Benefit Program (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan, JKP) on the duration of job search in Indonesia using internal data sourced from the Employment Social Security Administering Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja, BPJS TK).Method ― The study employs the Regression Kinked Design (RKD) model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation method to analyze the data on laid-off workers who have received the JKP benefits.Findings ― The study finds that, on average, the JKP beneficiaries have a longer duration of job search than laid-off workers who do not receive benefits. An increase in the replacement rate of the JKP benefits is associated with an increased duration of both job search and benefit claims. The RKD plot indicates that a replacement rate lower than 45% may decrease the duration of benefit claims and job searches. Implication ― The study recommends that the government should consider two potential options: (1) maintaining the current level of monetary benefits that leads to a longer job search duration; in other words, the program management must continue providing benefits for the maximum duration offered (up to 6 months), or, (2) reducing the monetary benefits, if BPJS TK aims to reduce the job duration. The results may change if a more robust labor market information system is available.Originality ― This study represents the first attempt to investigate the impact of the Unemployment Benefit Program (JKP) on job search duration in Indonesia. It might also be important to enrich the existing literature on the impact of similar programs in developing countries and countries with large populations.

Characteristics of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their hospital management

Objective: To determine the risk factors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study used hospitalization records collected by the Indonesia Health Social Security Administrator Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan-BPJS Kesehatan). A total of 38277 eligible patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. The dependent variable of the study was the discharge status (death or recovery) of COVID-19. Independent variables were history of morbidity and disease-related occurrence, type of room health facilities, length of stay and demographic variables (sex, age). The analyses use bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the dominating variable associated with all these variables. Results: Of the 38 277 inpatients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 31051 (81.1%) were discharged and 7226 (18.9%) died. Risk of death was positively associated with older age (aOR 5.74, 95% CI 4.20-7.87 for 19-64 years old; aOR 13.75, 95% CI 9.99-18.92 for 65 years above), male sex (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), treated in ICU without ventilator (aOR 5.84, 95% CI 5.41-6.30) and had comorbid respiratory diseases (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 4.93-5.90), but negatively associated with hospital stay of 15 days or longer (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36-0.43). Conclusions: COVID-19 related death during hospitalization was associated with duration and type of treatment, and existing medical condition among the inpatient individuals during COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta. The findings of the study suggest importance of appropriate and timely medical intervention and care.

What are the factors affecting primary care choice when the access under health insurance scheme is limited?: a cross-sectional study in Bandung, Indonesia

BackgroundEnsuring equal access to primary care services is crucial, as the gateway to a higher level of care. Indonesia has been trying to increase financial access to medical care by administering national health insurance known as BPJS-Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) since 2014. However, BPJS-Health beneficiaries can only use their benefits at a limited number of registered primary care providers (BPJS-Health partners). This study investigated the geographical coverage of BPJS-Health and BPJS-Health beneficiaries’ primary care choices, based on their characteristics and healthcare preferences in the target areas of Bandung, Indonesia.MethodsThe setting of this cross-sectional study was the areas with low physical access to BPJS-Health partners but high physical access to non-BPJS-Health partners. Physical access was determined by spatial network analysis, resulting in a geographical coverage map. A total of 216 adults were recruited and they completed the questionnaire about their primary care choice. All participants had been registered with the BPJS-Health system and living in the study areas. Their participation in non-BPJS-Health was also evaluated. Participants’ choice of care was assessed in three different scenarios, when the individual was experiencing mild, chronic, and serious illnesses.ResultsBPJS-Health partners’ geographical coverage was unequally distributed in Bandung. Being registered with non-BPJS-Health company was negatively associated with the more frequent choice of using BPJS-Health partners’ services (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.58, P = 0.004) among BPJS-Health beneficiaries. For serious illnesses, having a high income was associated with choosing non-BPJS-Health partners and hospitals (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI, 1.16-20.77, P = 0.031). When dealing with mild and chronic illnesses, participants were concerned about the quality of treatment they would receive as a major factor in choosing a primary care provider. However, receiving better treatment quality was negatively associated with choosing BPJS-Health partners in all cases of illness severities.ConclusionsSociodemographic characteristics, healthcare preference factors, and health insurance status were associated with participants’ primary care choices in the target areas of Bandung, Indonesia. BPJS-Health partners’ coverage map and the preference factors are potentially important for policymakers, especially for the development of future BPJS-Health partnerships.

Pemodelan Besar Klaim menggunakan Distribusi Berekor dan Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR) pada Data Sampel Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan

Information about amount of insurance claims is needed by insurer to set premium or other decisions in the future. Amount of claims modeling is a way to determine the characteristics of a distribution of claims data and can be used to predict the amount of claims that may occur. A commonly used model for amount of insurance claims data is the distribution model for heavy tails. The discussion in this article focuses on modeling amount of insurance claims using Lognormal, Pareto and Weibull distributions, and also using Gamma distribution for comparison. The data used is sample data from Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan in 2015-2016. The data contains membership data and details of the amount of each participant's claim. The analysis is carried out to find out the best candidate model that matches the amount of insurance claims data for both inpatient and outpatient categories. In addition, the Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR) of the model will be calculated to determine the amount of capital that will be required with a 75% confidence level. Based on the results of the study, the best model for large data samples of claims for outpatient and inpatient categories is the Lognormal model. TVaR for the outpatient category is Rp492,596 and for the inpatient category is Rp7,672,726.

Efisiensi dan Produktivitas BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2014 – 2021 (Metode Data Envelopment Analysis dan Malmquist Index)

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) is a legal entity formed to administer the National Health Insurance program (named JKN) with the principles of social health insurance. Management of social security funds (named DJS) carries high risks. To measure the sustainability of the JKN program, BPJS Kesehatan is required to perform efficiently and productively. This study aims to measure Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) 's efficiency and productivity from 2014 to 2021. The calculations in this study are relative, not absolute. This non-parametric quantitative research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. This study uses an intermediation approach with BPJS Operational Expenses (X1) as input variables, then Contribution Income (Y1) and Health Insurance Expenses (Y2) as output variables. The results showed that BPJS Kesehatan had inefficiencies in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018. As for 2015, 2019, 2020, and 2021, BPJS Kesehatan has achieved an optimal efficiency value of 100%. The Malmquist Index measurement shows that BPJS Kesehatan has experienced an increase in productivity with a score of > 1, except in the second year (2015 – 2016).

COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE INPATIENT PATIENTS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the GERD treatment management strategy for class II inpatient patients at a police hospital in Bandung, Indonesia.
 Methods: This study was retrospective, using medical record data collection techniques for 103 patients of the Social Security Administrator for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, BPJS), from January 2017 to July 2019. The pharmacoeconomic method was Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. The medicines being compared were omeprazole injection and pantoprazole injection. The outcome parameter was the length of stay (LOS). The perspective was a hospital with a direct cost component. This study uses a 5% discounting rate due to differences in years.
 Results: The results showed that the patient majority was female (76%) and the largest age group was>40 y (53%). There was a significant difference in LOS and total cost between omeprazole and pantoprazole (p-value<0.050) using the Mann-Whitney test. The cost-effectiveness ratio showed that omeprazole has a higher value than pantoprazole.
 Conclusion: Therapy using pantoprazole was more cost-effective than omeprazole.

Factors Related to Conservative Preterm Therapy on BPJS Claim Achievement in Waluyo Jati Hospital Probolinggo Regency

Introduction: A high number of reports of preterm incidents in Probolinggo, which was the highest in East Java in 2018, has caused problems in the financing process claimed by the Indonesian National Social Health Insurance (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS)). Insufficient financing for maternity mothers, as the highest proportion of national delivery methods, can certainly be a direct or indirect obstacle to the maternal mortality rate, which is still very high in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the influence of hospitalization period, gestational age, and delivery method in conservative preterm therapy on BPJS claim achievement at Waluyo Jati Hospital, Probolinggo Regency. Material and Methods: This study is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling took place from May to September 2023 at Waluyo Jati Regional Hospital, Probolinggo Regency. Sampling used an accidental sampling technique. 33 respondents participated in this research. Results: The results of this study showed that the largest number of respondents with the criteria for a length of stay of 4-7 days was 23 respondents (69.6%), gestation age 31-33 weeks was 14 respondents (42.4%), and 23 respondents underwent cesarean section delivery (69.7%). The highest BPJS claim achievement value was in the range of 30-50%, with 18 respondents (54.5%). The results of the Multiple Linear Regression showed a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: The conclusion from this research is that there is an influence of hospitalization period, gestational age, and delivery method simultaneously in conservative preterm therapy on the achievement of BPJS claims at Waluyo Jati Hospital, Probolinggo Regency.

Analysis of Hospital and INA-CBG’S Rates of JKN Outpatient in Genteng Regional Public Hospital in 2021

The Government's effort improves the health status of the Indonesian people by establishing a Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). JKN’s program was formed by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan). Payment of health costs by BPJS uses the Indonesian-Case Based Group (INA-CBG's) especially for advanced health care services. INA-CBG's is payment to the main health center for a predetermined service package according to the disease diagnosis category. This makes hospitals strive to continue providing quality health services to JKN patients while still controlling costs. The aim of this research is analyze the difference between the outpatient BPJS patient rates and INA-CBG's rates at the Genteng Regional General Hospital in 2021. The research method is a retrospective observational study with simple random sampling. The total sample was 400 obtained during the period January to December 2021. The results of the research showed that the hospital rates was IDR 105,995,056 and the INA-CBG's rates was IDR 89,484,300. It was known that there were three largest cost components including drugs (drugs and chronic drugs) was IDR 51,878,574 (48.70%); patient care costs was IDR 33,980,600 (24.65%); and consultation fee was IDR. 10,400,000 (9.40%). The three largest components of hospital rates included minor chronic disease procedures and dialysis procedures. The conclusion was hospital rates are greater than INA-CBG's rates.

Comparison of Hospitals in Jakarta as Decision-Making Unit for Technical Efficiency and Cost Values: Application of DEA and SFA

The implementation of national health insurance in Indonesia in 2014 as an effort to provide universal health care was known asthe BPJS program. It was named after the responsible agency: Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (Health Social Security Administrator). In its early years of implementation, it was indicated that it was not financially optimal because it made a significant financial loss. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the efficiency level of several hospitals in Jakarta from a technical and cost perspective. The 2018 data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and BPJS. The survey covered 36 hospitals from various regions in Jakarta and was analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. DEA Solver LV 8 and Frontier 4.1 were the primary tools in this study. There were two significant results of this study. First, most hospitals in Jakarta were efficient in terms of technical efficiency score of DEA (0.73) and SFA (0.52), whereas cost efficiency was mediocre with a score of DEA (0.56) and SFA (0.50). Second, three indices (regional technical efficiency score, regional cost efficiency score, and ownership cost efficiency score) showed similar patterns for DEA and SFA efficiency scores except for the ownership technical efficiency index. It is recommended that the government should immediately improve the centralized national database for hospitals and decide strategic policy to arrange for cooperation between hospitals primarily by sharing their data on hospitals’ load and staff availability.

Convolutional Neural Network for Identification of Personal Protective Equipment Usage Compliance in Manufacturing Laboratory

Data from the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia from 2019 to 2021 shows that the number of work accident victims who claimed Work Accident Insurance (Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja / JKK) continues to increase. The high number of work accidents is mostly caused by unsafe behavior at work sites, one of which is in terms of compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). One tool that is considered important as a step in reducing work accidents is an identification system for compliance of personal protective safety equipment use that can detect PPE used by visitors or workers. This study develops an automatic identification system that is built using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify the use of PPE in the manufacturing technology laboratory. The CNN models used are the 4th and 5th versions of You Only Look Once (YOLO) which are then compared based on two methods: train from scratch and transfer learning. The dataset used for building the detection system has 11,579 images consisting of six classes of PPE objects. Overall performance of the proposed models shows very good results. Moreover, the comparison result among the three models shows that YOLOv5 transfer learning has the best performance with the best precision (94.2 %), recall (91.8 %), and mAP (88.6%).

Pembuatan dan Pemanfaatan Dashboard Data Rekam Medis Sebagai Alat Bantu Sistem Pendukung Keputusan

The implementation of a hospital management information system at the 'Aisyiyah Padang public hospital opens opportunities for academics to conduct research and experiments. The amount of data stored in the information system database can be used as an alternative for decision making by hospital management, including medical record data for patients who go to the hospital. Existing medical record data can be summarized and presented visually in the form of a dashboard according to the needs of the hospital. Dashboard can provide an overview to management to determine future policies or as a decision support system. This study aims to create a dashboard that can be used as a decision support system. This type of research is descriptive with the subject of medical record data in the database. From the research that has been done, it is found that the number of outpatient patients in 2021 is 23,635 patients. Of this number, the 3 insurers for the most patients were the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) with 19,834 patients, Umum with 3,551 patients and Smile Train with 69 patients. For the 3 doctors who treat the most patients, Dr. Lisa Oktamuva, Sp.PD as many as 3284 patients, dr. Yanasta Moendanoe, Sp.OG with 3112 patients, and drg. Harfindo Nismal, Sp.BM as many as 2351 patients. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the designed dashboard is still simple and incomplete. From the dashboard it was also found that the person who is responsible for the most patients is BPJS and the doctor who serves the most patients is Dr. Lisa Oktamuva, Sp.PD.)

Work accident reporting in coal mining, Indonesia: A systematic literature review

Background: Work accidents and work-related diseases are still considered as nightmares in Indonesia, especially in the coal mining sector. Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan (Social Security Agency for Employment) reported that there were as many as 234,370 cases of work accidents and work-related diseases in 2021, where the mining sector contributed as many as 6,565 cases. This study aims to present the analysis and synthesis of various research to provide solution recommendations in the management of accident reporting which are suitable to the characteristics of coal mining in Indonesia. Method: This study is a Systematic literature review of a number of studies sourced from Elsevier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Proquest, DOAJ, Perpusnas RI, Garuda, and other sources. Results: Based on the literature analysis, it is found out that reporting management based on digitalization either in the form of website portal or application is a solution to optimize the effort to control work accidents and work-related disease in coal mining. Conclusion: This reporting system can be applied in coal mining in Indonesia.

Collaboration Tripartite Elements Accident Reporting and Potential Hazards Management Coal Mining, Indonesia: Systematic Review

Objective: Occupational accidents and diseases in Indonesia are still a scourge because they not only cause minor and serious accidents, but often result in fatalities. The same occupational accidents and diseases’ would seem to be happening in the coal mining business sector. According to the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Indonesia, 234,370 cases of work accidents and work-related illnesses occurred in 2021, of which the mining sector contributed 6,565 cases. Collaboration between companies, workers and local governments in the management of work accident reporting needs special attention so that similar incidents do not occur in the future.Material and Methods: This literature review supports the researchers hypothesis or belief in disclosing that there is an increasingly open space for collaboration between companies, workers and local governments in accident reporting management to reduce accidents. The literature review search term used is work accident reporting sourced from Google Scholar, National Library of Indonesia, PubMed, and other sources in the 2017-2022 period.Results:This literature review found a number of facts that companies have an obligation as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia No. 03 of 1998 concerning Accident Reporting and Investigation Procedures to report every work accident and work-related illness that occurs both periodically and specifically to the competent authority. Likewise, workers have the responsibility to report any accidents and potential hazards found in the workplace to the occupational safety and health officer. The Regional Government is no exception, which is a regulator and at the same time supervises companies in carrying out their business activities.Conclusion: To reduce workplace accidents requires diligent and constructive cooperation between the business managers, the workers, and the government regulators to support a zero-accident work environment.

DEONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF P-Care AT THE FIRST LEVEL OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN YOGYAKARTA CITY

Abstract: Deontological Aspects in The Implementation of P-Care at TheFirst Level of Health Facilities in Yogyakarta City. The 2015 SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) opened a new focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC).In Indonesia, the UHC concept has been proclaimed since 2000 which is thenorganized by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) following the Law of theRepublic of Indonesia number 24 of 2011 Article 9 concerning the National SecurityAdministering Body. In implementing Indonesia’s national health insurance (JKN),BPJS kesehatan uses a cloud-based information system for Fasilitas KesehatanTingkat Pertama (FKTP) / The first level health facility, namely Primary Care (P-Care)which contains medical information for more than 222 million people. According tothe Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA), data in P-Care includesProtected Health Information (PHI) which can lead to potential ethical violations. Thisstudy aims to determine ethical issues from the Deontology aspect related to theapplication of P-Care in FKTPs in Yogyakarta City. The Method of research is thesequential exploratory mix method. The deontology point of view was chosen becausethe principle of Deontology, namely personal intrinsic value cannot be separated fromethical issues. The results showed that there are ethical issues in the application ofP-Care in FKTPs in Yogyakarta City, namely privacy and confidentiality, security, andinformed consent with the important issue being the involvement of third parties inP-Care data input, P-Care which can be accessed anywhere, lack of personalvalidation, as well as a printed diagnosis that anyone can read. The most powerfulinfluencing factor is the intrinsic value of each agent in understanding these ethicalissues.