Bad Motives Research Articles

Interim by Matt Roberson

Reviewed by: Interim by Matt Roberson Matthew Kirkpatrick (bio) interim Matt Roberson Red Flag Poetry https://www.redflagpoetry.com/store/p35/Interim_by_Matthew_Roberson.html 122 pages; Print, $15.00 Matthew Roberson's Interim joins a long tradition of campus novels; Roberson's is particularly delightful—a hilarious satire of university administration that will, depending on a reader's experience of academia, read as either absurd or right on the nose. As a professor, I found Interim particularly fun—the novel felt at times as if it was written specifically for humanities faculty. That's not to say the novel won't register with non-academic readers—it will—but there's a specific kind of joy and kinship one [End Page 100] feels reading such a dead-on send-up of an institution that often seems too ridiculous to exist. Interim's told from the point of view of Rob Roy, an English professor at a beleaguered STATE university, who agrees to spend a year as Interim Associate Dean of Arts and Humanities at the request of a friend. Roy doesn't want the job, but he needs the money and agrees to do his friend a favor, a decision he immediately regrets. Plunged unprepared into the murk of higher ed administration, Roy stuffs himself at catered events, navigates the difficult personalities of his co-administrators, and tries to unravel the (probably nefarious) plot of Dr. Steve Klütz—the closest thing to a villain in a novel full of characters who, like real college administrators, seem to oscillate in the spectrum between incompetence and actual evil (or at least bad motivations). The novel's world feels realistic—Rob Roy's STATE university probably reflects an off-kilter, amplified version of Roberson's own academic experience, but soaked with Roberson's humor and pushed to the edge of absurdity. The novel is sometimes Kafkaesque; for example, we find Roy wandering from one lead to another in a seemingly endless search for rival Klütz's office. The machinations of the College Curriculum Committee, as they scrutinize the minutiae of FRACCs (Finalized Reports and Academic Curricular Charges), seem exceptionally bureaucratically extreme, but also painfully accurate for one who has been in such meetings. Roberson's humor is also sometimes Pynchonesque—in the bureaucratic tangle of seemingly endless committees with acronyms like FRACC and OAOACC and in characters with names like Trout and Klütz that remind readers we're in Roberson's distorted version of reality. The novel reveals a world rarely seen by faculty or students—both mostly absent from the novel—in spaces rarely seen by Roy, even, as he shows up for endless meetings with administrators he doesn't know in buildings he's never been to. Unlike typical campus novels, Interim is interested in exposing university administration by depicting it in all its bloat and minutiae. This is anatomically correct satire, gory and real, not just caricature. The novel is dead-on in its portrait of the underfunded American public university suffering under late-stage capitalism, and while the laughs-to-pages ratio is unusually high, what's underneath is serious—educational institutions are threatened from every direction, especially the inside. Interim doesn't directly talk about the [End Page 101] death of the university, but that's what we see: a once-great institution suffering from the increasing heaviness of bureaucracy. Interim's Rob Roy serves to show us the sometimes irrational, sometimes ludicrous world of public university administration from a professor's point of view. Classically at odds with one another, faculty and administration here, too, exist in conflict despite seemingly similar goals. While Roberson's satire does bite, it's also generous to those who are often so easy to ridicule. By focusing on Roy's stint in administration—suddenly himself a much-maligned associate dean, or "deanlet"—we see him earnestly trying to navigate what others have been doing for years. Through the irrationality of the institution portrayed in the novel, Roy's role as administrator allows us to see not just the absurdity but also a collection of real-seeming people who, like Roy, are just trying to figure things out; even the...

Is global consequentialism more expressive than act consequentialism?

Abstract Act consequentialism states that an act is right if and only if the expected value of its outcome is at least as great as the expected value of any other act’s outcome. Two objections to this view are as follows. The first is that act consequentialism cannot account for our normative ambivalence in cases where agents perform the right act out of bad motives. The second is that act consequentialism is silent on questions of character: questions like ‘What are the right motives to have?’ and ‘What kind of person ought I be?’. These objections have been taken to motivate a move to global consequentialism, on which acts are not the only subjects of normative assessment. Motives and decision-procedures (amongst other things) are also judged right or wrong by direct reference to their consequences. In this paper, I argue that these objections fail to motivate the move from act to global consequentialism.

Ugovor o doživotnom izdržavanju i ugovor o ustupanju i raspodeli za života - instituti naslednog prava

Inheritance law is a set of legal norms that regulate the property and legal relations of the testator after his death. The fact of death has haunted all social communities for centuries. The loss of a family member affected community members (family) both emotionally and property-wise. After the death of the testator, his property and legal assets remain, the significance of which is reflected on the heirs as well as on third parties, but also on the state as a successor in case of absence of the heirs. The paper deals with the legal regulation of two legal institutes: the contract on lifetime support and the contract on assignment and distribution for life. The paper follows their legislation with reference to certain issues of practice, legal and ethical dilemmas, and in the very conclusion, in parallel with the legal analysis of these two institutes, which by all their characteristics are characterized as legal obligations. These two contracts are the rights of business that have been present in social systems for centuries, their existence and significance have been minimized, and only in modern times have their legal regulations been obtained. Guided by the fact that they are "new" legal institutes, as well as by the fact that the practice, especially during the 90s of the last century, indicated and showed that these first two institutes are suitable for abuse of legislation, the paper addressed the issues of who and when can be a contracting party. , what are the prejudices of the contract, as well as the circumstances when and why they can be null and void, disputed in court or terminated. Man was born manipulative and easy, and the law, and the law, the state and the entire legal system are there to channel it and sanction bad motives, in order to realize an orderly democratic social system, and thus preserve the family as the basic cell of society.

Mixed Motives Insider Trading

If you trade securities on the basis of careful research, then you are a brilliant and shrewd investor. If you trade on the basis of a hot tip from your brother-in-law, an investment banker, then you are a criminal. What if you trade for both reasons? There is no single answer, thanks to a three-way circuit split. Some courts would forgive you according to your lawful trading motives, some would convict you in keeping with your bad motives, and some would hand the issue to the jury. Sometimes called the “awareness/use” debate or the “possession/use” debate, the proper treatment of mixed motive traders has occupied dozens of law review articles over the last thirty years. This Article demonstrates that courts and scholars have so far followed the wrong reasons to the wrong answers. Instead, this Article takes trader motives seriously, drawing on insights and solutions from the broader jurisprudence of mixed motive. This analysis generates a new legal test and demonstrates the test’s superiority.

Autism Spectrum Condition, Good and Bad Motives of Offending, and Sentencing

It has been proposed that the ways in which the criminal justice system treats offenders with Autism spectrum condition (ASC) should duly account for how the condition influences the offenders’ behavior. While the recommendation appears plausible, what adhering to it means in practice remains unclear. A central feature of ASC is seen to be that people with the condition have difficulties with understanding and reacting to the mental states of others in what are commonly considered as adequate ways. This article aims to clarify how the difficulties affect the moral weight to be given to the good and bad motives of offending in sentencing offenders with ASC. I start by explicating the main points of departure of the endeavor. After that I assess the moral significance of the good and bad motives of offenders with ASC in view of four cases and a comparison with how we commonly treat people who are not as able to understand and react to the mental states of others as neurotypical adults. I suggest that considerations pertaining to what has been called the primary orientation of morality provide grounds for deeming the good motives of offenders with ASC as morally significant as those of otherwise similar neurotypical offenders and the bad motives of offenders with ASC as less morally significant than those of otherwise similar neurotypical offenders. After considering three possible objections to the suggestion, I conclude by briefly elucidating its purported import.

Rumor Detection System for Twitter (A Micro-Blogging Site)

Micro-blog provides a platform for the users to transfer their thoughts and information in limited words more expressively. Its concise and easy to access nature makes it popular among every age group. Inspite, of all its pros and popularity, some people use it to achieve their bad motives i.e. to misguide people and create violence. To overcome this problem a system is required that will help to detect fake tweets in a limited amount of time. In this paper, a feature based approach for rumor detection has been proposed. The proposed approach utilizes 9 features which shows author as well as readers reaction to identify rumor tweets which may differ for different users in different situations. For experimentation synthetic data and from Pheme has been utilize. A comparative study of the approach for the datasets has been done on the basis of evaluation parameters Recall, Precision and f-measure. Satisfactory results have been obtained for Pheme data with less number of features as compare to synthetic dataset.

L’éducation en prison à la périphérie de l’éducation pour tous

Prison education on the margins of education for all – Prison education is an issue which would benefit from a more active role of initiative on the part of UNESCO. In Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, advocacy groups and networks are emerging; the same is true at university level, where research conducted on prison education is gaining greater visibility. This article is based on the author’s visits to prisons and meeting with officials, actors and prisoners in many prisons in more than 70 countries in the context of his work as a Senior Research Specialist for the UNESCO Institute of Lifelong Learning. At times contradictory, the objectives policy makers and prison educators set themselves include intelligently occupying inmates; informing and entertaining them; reducing recidivism; offering professional training; and calming them down. As a tool to both prevent recidivism and alleviate the effects of their disadvantaged background, prison education thus concentrates all the ambiguities of an education aiming to liberate in an environment that does not allow freedom. Inmates are destabilised by the confined space and daily schedule of the prison environment, which do not correspond in any way to the distances and rhythms of the outside world. Although they do have access to a few sports activities, to the prison library, to work, to training, all of these activities take place in an artificially constructed space-time. Education is a right and, as such, it should not be justified economically or in terms of security and order. This article examines some good and bad motivations for further education in prison. It concludes with suggestions for prison education for all throughout life, whatever that life may look like.

What soda challenges and tennis balls can teach us about cognitive bias

The word “bias” immediately conjures ideas of ill will and conscious intent, and, indeed, some instances of cognitive bias in forensics have involved such bad motive. But evidence both inside and outside of forensics has repeatedly demonstrated that no such malice is necessary for cognitive bias to have a profound effect on the results of testing. Justice requires that forensic science and scientists embrace positive reform to mitigate the effects of cognitive bias.

Jananee janmabhoomischa: ICT solutions for pronational digital society

Personality Development’, ‘Social Development’, ‘National Development’, ‘National Spirit’, ‘National Amity’, ‘Nation Building Character’, ‘National Consciousness’, ‘National Solidarity’, ‘National Awareness’, ‘National Integration’, ‘National Sovereignty’, ‘National Integrity’, and ‘National Unity’ are the diminishing ideas among the citizens of a country now-a-days. Opportunities for cybercrimes worsen this situation further by luring the people with bad motivations, some who justify the cybercrimes somehow and some to perpetrate the cybercrimes. As the public authorities are not capable enough to handle cybercrime cases well as of now or due to lacunae in cyber laws, cyber criminals are evading and sweeping under the carpet. The societal status, may it be progressive or perishable depends on the kind of information that is provided to the people of society. If society is input with right information, the society will progress, develop positively and on the other hand the society will perish with the wrong or garbage information. In this context, Right-To-Information (RTI) Act 2005 plays a vital role by providing ‘Right Information’ through ‘Information Transparency’. We found out an organization named JNTUHJAC (offline) with its website with URL- www.jntuhjac.com (online) running from so many years, committed three or more cybercrimes against the Union of India. We considered this online and offline organization for our case study and for discussions of our solutions for these cybercrimes. In this paper, we proposed a research methodology based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) approaches to prevent the conversion of Cybercrime or Ill-Informed Society into Perishable Society and hence hope to succeed in transforming Cybercrime or Ill-Informed Society into Well-Informed Society and hence into a “Progressive Society/Knowledge Society/Digital Society.

Willful Ignorance and Bad Motives

Does willful ignorance mitigate blameworthiness? In many legal systems, willfully ignorant wrongdoers are considered as blameworthy as knowing wrongdoers. This is called the ‘equal culpability thesis’ (ECT). Given that legal practice depends on it, the issue has obvious importance. Interestingly enough, however, there exists hardly any philosophical reflection on ECT. A recent exception is Alexander Sarch, who defends a restricted version of ECT. On Sarch’s view, ECT is true whenever willfully ignorant agents incur additional blameworthiness for their ignorance. In this paper, I defend an alternative view, according to which ECT is true whenever the motives of willfully ignorant and knowing wrongdoers are equally bad.

Robust Against Whom?

Robust Political Economy (RPE) is a research program that combines insights from Austrian economics and public choice to evaluate the performance of institutions in cases of limited knowledge and limited altruism, or “worst-case scenarios.” Many critics of RPE argue that it is too narrowly focused on the bad motivations and inadequacies of social actors while smuggling in classical liberal normative commitments as part of a purported solution to these problems. This paper takes a different tack by highlighting the ways that RPE as currently understood may not be robust enough to particularly bad conduct. It suggests that depending on the parameters of what constitutes a worst-case scenario, classical liberal institutions, especially a minimal state, may turn out to be less robust than some conservative or social democratic alternatives.

Epistemic Vice and Motivation

AbstractThis article argues that intellectual character vices involve non‐instrumental motives to oppose, antagonise, or avoid things that are epistemically good in themselves. This view has been the recent target of criticism based on alleged counterexamples presenting epistemically vicious individuals who are virtuously motivated or at least lack suitable epistemically bad motivations. The paper first presents these examples and shows that they do not undermine the motivational approach. Finally, having distinguished motivating from explanatory reasons for belief and action, it argues that our epistemic practice of vice attribution supplies evidence in favour of motivational accounts of vice.

Culpability and Irresponsibility

I defend the principle that a person is blameworthy (or culpable) for her action only if that action was morally wrong. But what should we say about an agent who does the right thing based on bad motives? I present three types of cases that have these features. In each, I argue, the agent is not culpable for her action; however, she violates the norm of moral responsibility, and thus acts in a morally irresponsible way. This analysis, I show, has several virtues. It also has important theoretical ramifications: it allows for a more nuanced approach to moral luck and paves the way for an unexplored line of defense in favor of a particular norm of moral responsibility.

Perishable product inventory model based on the food supply chain

Food is the paramount necessity of the people. The food safety problem has been one of the issues of people's livelihood that the people and national focus on. Strengthening the food inventory management and improving the importance for the food safety of each enterprise and the government departments is an effective way to solve the food safety. In this paper, we study the inventory model of the perishable products. The stored time of the perishable products is short relatively. Therefore, how to carry out effectively the inventory model is an important step to improve the food safety degree. We study the inventory model of the perishable products. And we use the promotion to speed up the sale pace of the perishable products. Then it can reduce the food safety risks. According to the promotion of the perishable products, it not only can bring more profits for the business, but also can reduce the consumption of the perishable product, the bad motives of the businesses and improves the food safety level.

Secure Spatial Top-k Query Processing via Untrusted Location-Based Service Providers

This paper considers a novel distributed system for collaborative location-based information generation and sharing which become increasingly popular due to the explosive growth of Internet-capable and location-aware mobile devices. The system consists of a data collector, data contributors, location-based service providers (LBSPs), and system users. The data collector gathers reviews about points-of-interest (POIs) from data contributors, while LBSPs purchase POI data sets from the data collector and allow users to perform spatial top- $k$ queries which ask for the POIs in a certain region and with the highest $k$ ratings for an interested POI attribute. In practice, LBSPs are untrusted and may return fake query results for various bad motives, e.g., in favor of POIs willing to pay. This paper presents three novel schemes for users to detect fake spatial snapshot and moving top- $k$ query results as an effort to foster the practical deployment and use of the proposed system. The efficacy and efficiency of our schemes are thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.

Good, bad… and ugly

Taking a look at how fictional characters act can help children to make comparisons between good and bad characteristics, motives and behaviour and draw comparisons between stories. By Viv Hampshire.

A Model for the Many Senses of Scripture: From the Literal to the Spiritual in Genesis 22 with Thomas Aquinas

A Model for the Many Senses of ScriptureFrom the Literal to the Spiritual in Genesis 22 with Thomas Aquinas Christopher S. Morrissey (bio) Introduction: Many Senses Require Many Translations On the mountain the Lord appeared (NETS, Gen. 22:14b) On the mount of the LORD it shall be provided (RSV)1 In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen (KJV) On the mountain the LORD will see (NAB) ἐν τῷ ὄρει κύριος ὤφθη (LXX) in monte Dominus videtur (Nova Vulgata) in monte Dominus videbit (St. Jerome’s Vulgate) In his book Abraham’s Curse, Bruce Chilton argues that in Gen. 22:14b, “the Septuagint’s Greek renders the Hebrew text” correctly (i.e., “with Yahweh as the subject of the verb”), whereas English translations like the King James Version (KJV) prefer to imply that the ram is the verbal subject. Chilton contends that “This is a case of translators caring more about doctrine than wording, and attempting to legislate what the Bible can say.”2 Chilton’s textual exegesis does have some value. He notes that “Contextually [End Page 231] as well as grammatically, God is the subject: Yahweh ‘was seen’ on Moriah, liberating Isaac by means of divine intervention.”3 But with his polemics against the KJV, he fails to affirm the rich polysemy of the passage. He replaces one literal reading with another and then argues as if the two are at odds. But Scripture has many senses, a truth famously expressed in the medieval distich of Augustine of Dacia, best known in the version of Nicholas of Lyra: “The literal sense teaches what happened; what you believe, the allegorical; the moral, what you should do; where you are going, the anagogical.”4 Therefore Chilton is wrong to impute bad motives to anyone who would attempt to unfold the spiritual sense of a passage (“caring more about doctrine”), or even to anyone who would note that a passage has more than one literal meaning. Chilton’s own insistence on uncovering the univocal original meaning of a passage (through his preferred historical method of “generative exegesis”)5 is excessively literal, as if recourse to grammar would allow one “to legislate what the Bible can say.” When Chilton says “Yahweh ‘was seen’ on Moriah,” he is not contending that God was seen directly, literally, but rather interpreting the metaphorical or parabolical sense of the phrase “Yahweh was seen” (in Gen. 22:14b), because he glosses the meaning of the metaphor as “liberating Isaac by means of divine intervention”;6 that is, God is seen indirectly, cognitively, rather than literally with the eyes. Because literally seeing a ram is not opposed to cognitively understanding God’s action, the KJV, pace Chilton, can be defended contextually. To my mind, the Revised Standard Version (RSV), echoing the KJV, does the best job of rendering the Hebrew text literally, with “On the mount of the lord it shall be provided,” because this leaves open the many senses of the third person singular “it,” to be unfolded by exegesis. Thus more than one translation is required in order to appreciate all the significations being deployed in the treatment of “seeing” in Gen. 22:8 and 22:14. “It shall be provided”: More than one univocal sense of the “it” has to be uncovered by exegesis in this Scripture, in order to see what “it” is all about. To justify my opinion that the RSV most felicitously translates the Hebrew, I would like to prepare the way to a conclusion in which I compare the Septuagint’s translation (which follows Chilton’s preferred rendering of the context) with the Vulgate Latin translations. The path toward this conclusion will show that Chilton’s polemics, indicative of an exegetical attitude that is hostile to an appreciation of the many senses of Scripture, fail to see how the RSV translation is also defensible as keeping the reader’s mind open to the many senses of the Scriptural passage. But first things first. With the help of St. Thomas Aquinas, let me distinguish the various senses of Scripture and then point out how they are all exemplified here, all being signified by the text. [End Page 232] Click for larger view View...

INTRODUCTION: VIRTUE AND VICE

Abstract:This introduction to the collectionVirtue and Vice, Moral and Epistemicaddresses three main questions: (1) What is a virtue theory in ethics or epistemology? (2) What is a virtue? and (3) What is a vice? (1) It suggests that a virtue theory takes the virtues and vices of agents to be more fundamental than evaluations of acts or beliefs, and defines right acts or justified beliefs in terms of the virtues. (2) It argues that there are two important but different concepts of virtue: virtues are qualities that attain good ends, and virtues are qualities that involve good motives. (3) Accordingly, vices are qualities that either fail to attain good ends or involve bad motives. Finally, the introduction summarizes the eleven essays in the collection, which are divided into four sections: the Structure of Virtue Ethics and Virtue Epistemology; Virtue and Context; Virtue and Emotion; and Virtues and Vices.

Mashelkar Report Version Il: Wrong Again

The government’s acceptance of the second version of the Technical Expert Group Report (hereafter ‘TEG Report’) headed by RA Mashelkar has been followed by a shrill sustained campaign that seeks to assert the truth of the Report’s claims by merely proclaiming it from every available forum. Any criticism of the Report is met with a strong chorus of denunciation usually ascribing poor intellectual abilities, bad motives, Orwellian sophistry or all of these. This campaign has assumed Goebbelsian proportions and poses a grave risk to rational and empirically grounded public policy formulation. I have commented elsewhere on the dangerous implications for public policy making that the process adopted by the first Technical Expert Group Report represents. In this essay, I respond to the TEG’s Second Report and argue: first, that its recommendations are not warranted by the TRIPs agreement; secondly, that it is not supported by the weight of academic opinion; and thirdly, that these conclusions do not rest on any reasonable assessment of the national interest in pharmaceutical policy.

The Evidentiary Theory of Blackmail: Taking Motives Seriously

This article proposes a radically new solution to the so-called paradox of blackmail -- i.e., the puzzle that it should ever be criminal to threaten what it would be lawful to do. After reviewing and criticizing theories grounded on the competing notions that society may legitimately criminalize conduct if, respectively, it produces adverse consequences in the aggregate, or it is wrongful in itself, the article suggests that explaining and justifying blackmail's criminalization requires recourse to a novel criterion of criminalization. The article then proposes -- consistent with both retributivist and consequentialist versions of the general justifying aim of the criminal law -- that society may criminalize conduct that both causes cognizable harm and is likely to be undertaken with morally bad motives (regardless of whether the act is wrongful in itself). Focusing on the paradigmatic case of a threat to reveal an adulterer's infidelities unless paid off, the article demonstrates that the conditional offer of silence provides strong circumstantial evidence that the actor would have morally bad motives were he to disclose the information he threatens. Accordingly, there would be nothing problematic about criminalizing performance of the act, in which event criminalization of the threat would no longer be puzzling. In short, and contrary to common wisdom, the blackmailer's threat is not necessarily morally worse than the act threatened; it is only evidence that the act threatened would be morally blameworthy on this particular occasion, because badly motivated (in which case so is the threat). After explaining criminalization of blackmail in its paradigmatic form, the article proceeds to explore the proper contours of the crime by examining several variations upon the central case, including market-price blackmail, and conditional threats to expose criminal wrongdoing. The article concludes by offering some exploratory thoughts regarding possible broader implications of the evidentiary theory.