Bacteriological Survey Research Articles

Bacteriological Survey of Insect Products in Japan.

A microbiological study was conducted on 41 insect product samples (29 raw frozen [21 domestic and 8 imported], 10 powdered, and 2 processed), which were commercially available in Japan. The total aerobic count for raw frozen insects was 5.61 log cfu/g (range: 2.52-8.40), whereas the powdered insect count was 2.89 log cfu/g (range: 1.00-4.57). The bacterial count was significantly higher in raw frozen insects (p < 0.05). The coliform count for the raw frozen insects ranged from <1 to 6.90 log cfu/g, and that for the powdered insects ranged from <1 to 1.00 log cfu/g. The number of samples with values above the detection limit was significantly higher in raw frozen insects (p < 0.05). The detection frequencies of aerobic spores (<1-4.63 log cfu/g), anaerobic spores (<0-4.40 log cfu/g), and Bacillus cereus (<1.7-3.83 log cfu/g) showed no sample type-related significant difference. Listeria spp. was isolated from four samples of raw frozen insects, one of which was Listeria monocytogenes. We did not detect any of the following: Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Campylobacter jejuni/coli, or pathogenic Yersinia. We isolated insect products retailed in Japan harboring food poisoning bacteria, including L. monocytogenes and B. cereus. In particular, raw frozen products displayed high levels of hygienic indicator bacteria.

A molecular and bacteriological survey of Brucella spp. in wild venomous snake in Iran

A molecular and bacteriological survey of Brucella spp. in wild venomous snake in Iran

Bacteriological Survey of Abattoir Wastewater in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

The bacteriological survey of abattoir wastewater in Aba was investigated. Samples of wastewater contaminated with abattoir waste were collected at ten different spots in the abattoir. Nutrient agar was utilised as the media for the total aerobic plate count, McConkey agar was used for the coliform count, and cellulolytic media was used for the cellulolytic count. It was done using the pour plate method. The bacteria were identified using colonial morphology, gram staining, and biochemical assays. All of the aerobic plates, coliform count and cellulolytic count for the abattoir wastewater ranged from 1.03 x107 to 7.1 x 106 CFU/mL, 5.8 x 106 to 1.2 x 106 CFU/mL and 3.7 x106 to1.3x 106 CFU/mL, respectively. Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that were isolated. This survey further confirmed the presence of varying bacteria genera in abattoir wastewater and the expedient nature of treating wastewater rather than releasing it to the physical environment as it poses a threat to public health.

Bacteriological Survey of Fresh Minced Beef on Sale at Retail Outlets in Scotland in 2019: Three Foodborne Pathogens, Hygiene Process Indicators, and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance

The health and economic burden of foodborne illness is high, with approximately 2.4 million cases occurring annually in the United Kingdom. A survey to understand the baseline microbial quality and prevalence of food-related hazards of fresh beef mince on retail sale could inform risk assessment, management, and communication to ensure the safety of this commodity. In such a survey, a two-stage sampling design was used to reflect variations in population density and the market share of five categories of retail outlets in Scotland. From January to December 2019, 1,009 fresh minced beef samples were collected from 15 geographic areas. The microbial quality of each sample was assessed using aerobic colony count and Escherichia coli count. Samples were cultured for Campylobacter and Salmonella, and PCR was used to detect target genes (stx1 all variants, stx2 a to g, and rfbO157) for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The presence of viable E. coli O157 and STEC in samples with a positive PCR signal was confirmed via culture and isolation. Phenotypic antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of cultured pathogens and 100 E. coli isolates were determined, mostly via disk diffusion. The median aerobic colony count and E. coli counts were 6.4 × 105 (interquartile range, 6.9 × 104 to 9.6 × 106) and <10 CFU/g (interquartile range, <10 to 10) of minced beef, respectively. The prevalence was 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 0.7%) for Campylobacter, 0.3% (95% CI, 0 to 1%) for Salmonella, 22% (95% CI, 20 to 25%) for PCR-positive STEC, and 4% (95% CI, 2 to 5%) for culture-positive STEC. The evidence for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance detected did not give cause for concern, mainly occurring in a few E. coli isolates as single nonsusceptibilities to first-line active substances. The low prevalence of pathogens and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance is encouraging, but ongoing consumer food safety education is necessary to mitigate the residual public health risk.

Histopathology, Coprology and Bacteriological Survey of Tilapia Fish in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

Histopathology, Coprology and Bacteriological Survey of Tilapia Fish in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

Clinico-epidemiological study of an outbreak of typhoid in North India.

Typhoid fever is endemic in India. There have been various outbreaks of typhoid fever reported from different parts of India. Considering the outbreak potential of typhoid, the present study was undertaken wherein an outbreak of typhoid occurred in a city in northern India. The study design used was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Detailed information was obtained from each reported case. Active case finding surveys were conducted. Case definitions for suspect, probable, and confirmed case taken for our study, have already been validated by the World health organisation (WHO). All patients were subjected to requisite investigations. A sanitary survey was carried out to locate defects in water supply and sewage disposal. Record of bacteriological survey of water samples from the area was scrutinized. Descriptive epidemiology of cases was carried out. Attack rate was 16.1% and 17.4% among men and women, respectively. Fever was present in 52 (69.3%) cases. The epidemic curve displayed a sudden peak and an abrupt fall of cases. This is suggestive of a common point source outbreak. There were no fatalities. Sanitary survey teams found a sewage leak in the locality where maximum cases were reported. Lab reports tested positive for salmonella species in water. The outbreak was promptly controlled after repair of the leaking sewage pipeline; and provision of alternative source of water supply. This study reemphasises the requirement of a basic public health measure and infrastructure, that is, water quality monitoring by concerned authorities to break the chain of transmission of typhoid fever.

Assessment on impact of sewage in coastal pollution and distribution of fecal pathogenic bacteria with reference to antibiotic resistance in the coastal area of Cape Comorin, India

Sewage is one of the biggest contributors to coastal pollution. The study was aimed to assess the impact of sewage on coastal water quality of Kanyakumari, the southernmost part of India. A bacteriological survey was made on distribution and abundance of fecal indicators and human pathogenic bacteria and seasonal influence on the bacterial load and antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Samples were collected from sewage discharge point along the eastern shore of Kanyakumari Coast from February 2019 to January 2020. Nine pollution indicator bacteria and pathogenic species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Aeromonas spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp. and Flavobacterium spp. were isolated from the samples. These isolates were tested against 10 antibiotics, using Kirby Bauer method. All the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has been used as bio-indicators of pollution. Hence it is clear that the domestic sewage entering the coast is untreated which might lead a serious impact on human and marine wildlife along coastlines.

Network Water Quality at a Hospital Center in Morocco: Bacteriological Survey and Relationship with Human Health

Network Water Quality at a Hospital Center in Morocco: Bacteriological Survey and Relationship with Human Health

Parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri, Imo state

Liquid wastes are known to be highly contaminated and pose great public health risk, especially when indiscriminately discharged to the environment. The parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri metropolis was carried out. Sewage wastewater and laundry wastewater were used as study samples. 100mls each of the samples were collected from the drainage sites with sterile screw-capped specimen bottles, and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The liquid wastes were filtered and the filtrates were used for the analysis. Parasitological analysis employed Zinc Sulphate Centrifugal Flotation Technique and Modified Ziel-Nielsen stain (Acid-Fast Staining). Parasitic ova, cysts, larva and oocysts isolated were identified using standard morphological and taxonomic keys. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and biochemical characteristics where necessary. Parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymenolepsis nana, Entamoeba histolytica, Gardia lamblia, Balantidium coll and Isospora belli were isolated from the liquid wastes. Bacteria species isolated included Erwinia amylovora, Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The results showed that the most prevalent parasite and bacteria isolated were Ascaris lumbricoides 49(37.6%) and Salmonella typhi (3.38x104 CFU/mL) respectively. These potentially pathogenic parasites and bacteria detected in these liquid wastes, pose serious threat to public health. Interventive measures such as public health education, adequate drainage and waste disposal system, regular and monitored environmental sanitation, and provision of safe and portable water supply to the study area, are recommended.

Parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri, Imo state

Parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri, Imo state

Bacteriological survey of the environment of ultrasound gel and gel warmer

Bacteriological survey of the environment of ultrasound gel and gel warmer

Surveying bovine digital dermatitis and non-healing bovine foot lesions for the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Treponema pallidum

BackgroundNon-healing bovine foot lesions, including non-healing white line disease, non-healing sole ulcer and toe necrosis, are an increasingly important cause of chronic lameness that are poorly responsive to treatment. Recent...

Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Survey of Household Water Supplies in Selected Communities in Anambra State, Nigeria

Physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of borehole water in seven communities in Anambra State were investigated to ascertain their portability and evaluate their pollution levels for household consumption. Obtained sample results were compared with threshold values reported by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water purposes. Study results show that values for total hardness, lead, copper, zinc, iron and coliform count exceeded the WHO thresholds and as such made this resource unfit for human consumption. It is recommended that the state water board be revamped and its branches established in all communities of the state to ensure regulation and control of the water household water supplies.

Bacteriological survey of bulk tank milk from dairy farms in Montero, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Background and Aim:Recently, bacterial surveys for mastitis-causing pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) have been conducted in several countries worldwide. However, no such surveys have been reported from Bolivia. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in BTM from dairy farms in Montero, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.Materials and Methods:Between July 2016 and August 2017, a total of 43 BTM samples were collected from 3264 cows to determine bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) and identify mastitis-causing bacteria. BTSCC was classified as follows: <100×103, 100-500×103, 500-1000×103, and >1000×103 cells/mL.Results:Mastitis-causing pathogens identified by agar medium cultures included Bacillus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus (SA), streptococci, and other species. The proportions of BTSCC of <100×103, 200-500×103, 500-1000×103, and >1000×103 cells/ml were 0%, 37%, 51%, and 12%, respectively. The proportions of coliforms, streptococci, CNS, Bacillus spp., SA, and others detected in BTM were 33%, 30%, 16%, 7%, 2%, and 16%, respectively.Conclusion:Although the herd prevalence of contagious mastitis-causing pathogens, such as SA, in BTM was low, increased BTSCC were identified in Montero, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Versailles facing the degradation of its water supply from the Seine River: governance, water quality expertise and decision making, 1852–1894

In 1852 a new machine to provide greater volumes of Seine River water to Versailles was decided. The new Marly Machine was operated by the Versailles Water Service (VWS), a 150-year old state-owned institution supervised by state ministries, managing the water supply over a vast domain that covered 32 towns in 1903. The VWS provided financial, technical and administrative resources to the city of Versailles, but the city council had no word in decision-making. Soon after the installation of the Machine in 1859, the city of Paris started to collect its wastewaters and discharge them untreated into the river, 16 km upstream of the Marly Machine. In 1874 the Seine River was officially declared infected by Paris sewers. The VWS reacted in 1877 by asking several French chemists, pioneers of river surveys, to assess the quality of the Versailles waters by innovative chemical approaches that had been developed on the Seine River since the Boudet ammonia river profile in 1861. In 1874 Gerardin’s oximetric profiles revealed the severe depletion of oxygen in the Seine at Marly in the summer, explaining the fish kills. This degradation of Versailles water intake in the Seine River mobilized local, regional and national actors over the coming 20 years. Finally, the VWS was forced to gradually use (1880–1895) groundwater to supply the Marly Machine. In 1892, another new water quality criterion was considered, the bacteriological survey, and in 1894 the Seine River water was completely excluded as a water source, ending a multidecadal debate in which scientific expertise played a prominent role.

Bacteriological Survey on Salmonella Enterica from Rabbit and Poultry with Special Reference to Its Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Salmonellosis has been considered as one of the most important infectious diseases in humans and animals. The present study reports traditional methods for characterization of Salmonella enterica from different sources. Two hundred seventy samples were collected from different poultry farms at Sharkia Governorate during the period from November 2015 to May 2016, and subjected to traditional bacteriological examination for isolation of Salmonella. Incidence of Salmonella from fecal swabs and internal organs revealed the isolation of Salmonellawith an overall incidence 14.07% (38/270). Absolute resistance was observed for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, doxycycline and ceftriaxone On the other hand, sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (81.6%), gentamicin (78.9%) ,sulphamethoxazol/trimethoprim (73.7%),amoxicillin (65.8%) and chloramphenicol(63.2%), Serotyping of Salmonella revealed two Salmonella serogroups. The first is Salmonella Typhimurium with antigenic formula 1,4,5,12:i:1,2 as (6/8) by (75 %) and Salmonella Lagos with antigenic formula 1,4,5,12:i:1,5 as (2/8) by (25%). These findings illustrated that all serotypes were resistant to ceftriaxone, doxycycline, ampicillin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. while, ciprofloxacin gave high degree of sensitivity, the outbreak of infection in poultry is not only by common type such as S. Typhimurium but also by other serotypes such as S. lagos.

ПРЕДИКТОРИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОРУШЕННЯ МИКРОБІОЦЕНОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКА У ДІТЕЙ ПЕРШОГО РОКУ ЖИТТЯ І ЙОГО ПРОФІЛАКТИКА

Метою дослідження було виявлення чинників порушення мікрофлори кишечнику та надання профілактичних заходів. Обстежено 30 дітей. Визначені фактори ризику: у половини дітей вік батьків 30 і більше років; обтяжена спадковість, здебільшого з боку матері, хронічні захворювання органів травлення (70%), ЛОР-органів (23,3%), алергічні реакції і захворювання (40%); патологічна вагітність у всіх жінок (токсикоз, гострі та загострення хронічних захворювань, дефіцитна анемія); патологічні пологи (кесарів розтин у 16,6% вагітни). У 30% пацієнтів виявлено подовження фази транзиторного дисбіозу новонародженої дитини до другого півріччя життя. Клінічні прояви дисбактеріозу в дітей відповідали легкій компенсованій формі (I ступень тяжкості) але дані бактеріологічного дослідження -II–III мікробіологічним ступеням дисбіозу. Профілактику дисбактеріоза потрібно починати з дитячого віку майбутньої мами; під час вагітності жінкам "групи ризику" слід проводити дослідження стану біоценозу кишечнику і коригувати його порушення. Діти, народжені від матерів цієї групи ризику, потребують первинної профілактики порушення мікробіоценоза кишечника.

The Risk of Bacterial Infection After Tattooing.

Tattooing is a globally growing trend. Overall prevalence among adults in industrialized countries is around 10-20%. Given the high and increasing numbers of tattooed people worldwide, medical and public health implications emerging from tattooing trends require greater attention not only by the public, but also by medical professionals and health policy makers. We performed a systematic review of the literature on tattooassociated bacterial infections and bacterial contamination of tattoo inks. Furthermore, we surveyed tattoo inks sampled during an international tattoo convention in Germany to study their microbial status. Our systematic review identified 67 cases published between 1984 and 2015, mainly documenting serious bacterial infectious complications after intradermal deposition of tattoo inks. Both local skin infections (e.g. abscesses, necrotizing fasciitis) and systemic infections (e.g. endocarditis, septic shock) were reported. Published bacteriological surveys showed that opened as well as unopened tattoo ink bottles frequently contained clinically relevant levels of bacteria indicating that the manufactured tattoo product itself may be a source of infection. In our bacteriological survey, two of 39 colorants were contaminated with aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Inappropriate hygiene measures in tattoo parlors and non-medical wound care are major risk factors for tattoo-related infections. In addition, facultative pathogenic bacterial species can be isolated from tattoo inks in use, which may pose a serious health risk.

Bacteriological Evaluation of Meat Contact Surfaces at Egyptian Hypermarkets

A bacteriological survey was performed on different food contact surfaces in meat processing sectors at selected Egyptian hypermarkets. A total of 288 swab samples from meat contact surfaces were obtained. Total aerobic count (TAC) and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus - coliform, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were determined. The mean values of TAC counts from working table, weighting scale, packing machine, vacuum machine, bone saw, meat mincer, worker hands, and cutting knife were 3.7, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 2.6, 3.3, 3.4, and 2.5 log10 CFU / cm2 respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in meat mincer worker hand and working tables while Coliform and Escherichia coli could be detected in bone saw cutting knife meat mincer and working tables. Salmonella species could not be detected in all examined swab samples. The results revealed that the examined meat contact surfaces were subjected to inadequate hygienic practices during processing and after day work.

Frequency of Bacterial Agents Isolated From Patients With Chronic Sinusitis in Northern Iran.

Background:Sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. Diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. The golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge.Objectives:Due to the high prevalence of sinusitis in Iran, especially in Mazandaran province, in this study, bacteriological survey of patients with chronic sinusitis were done in order to help physicians in choosing better antibiotics for the empiric therapy of sinusitis.Methods:This was a descriptive study. The population of the study consisted of 100 patients with chronic sinusitis caused by bacteria admitted to the Avicenna teaching hospital. Sampling for bacterial culture was performed by the endoscopy method from middle meatus (a curved anteroposterior passage in each nasal cavity that is situated below the middle nasal concha and extends along the entire superior border of the inferior nasal concha) and the opening of the maxillary sinus. Also sampling of nasal cavity was performed to determine the microbial flora. Identification of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis was performed according to the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) was performed according to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 software. Also Fisher exact test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.Results:Among the 100 evaluated patients, 58% were male. The average age was 34.2±1.1. The most common complaint of patients were nasal congestion and post-nasal drip. The most common bacteria found in the nasopharynx were Gram-positive bacillus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 20%, 16% and 15% respectively. Bacteria isolated from opening sinus were Gram-positive bacillus 24%, Enterobacter aerogenes 10%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus 18% and Staphylococcus aureus 19%.Conclusions:Antibiotic prescription is often empiric in treatment of sinusitis. In our study resistance to some antibiotics such as penicillin subgroups that are used in treatment of chronic sinusitis was high. Due to the fact that the etiology of chronic sinusitis is not clearly understood, the frequency of all the common causative agents of this disease must be determined.