Backward Villages Research Articles

Isolated figures in a remote Scottish Landscape: place and identity in the films of Scott Graham

ABSTRACT The relationship between place and identity has had a very specific significance in the development of Scottish cinema. Until the 1980s Scotland tended to be depicted as an essentially rural and remote, a fantasy space characterised within the interlinked representational discourses of tartanry and kailyard by romantic and picturesque highland and island locations or parochial and backward villages and small towns. With the emergence of a New Scottish cinema in the 1990s, this was subsequently replaced by a focus on more realist narratives located in the urban centres of Glasgow and Edinburgh. In this essay, I will explore the work of Scott Graham, whose three features to date - Shell, Iona and Run – have provided a renewed engagement with a contemporary Scotland that (re)incorporates both the highland and island landscapes that provided the backdrop to the romantic tradition of tartanry, and the small-town setting familiar from the kailyard tradition. These settings are central to the identity and predicament of Graham’s protagonists, who are struggling with a sense of isolation, loneliness or lack of connection, alienated from place, community and even family. Consequently, Graham provides evidence for the continuing relevance of a distinctive Scottish cinematic tradition.

Analysis on the Current Situation and Path of Revitalization of Rural Talents in Hainan Province

When it comes to the revitalization of the countryside, talents are inevitably needed. Talent revitalization can achieve the development of the countryside. Similarly, the revitalization of the countryside can also attract talents. The two are complementary to each other. However, at present, the countryside of Hainan Province is relatively backward, and most of the imported talents are concentrated in the cities and towns. This paper takes the backward villages in Hainan Province as the research objects, and studies the current situation of rural talents in the city in detail through a literature review, data analysis, field survey, and interview, searching for the existing problems. According to the survey, Hainan Province currently suffers from a shortage of talents, an imperfect talent training mechanism, insufficient attraction of foreign talents, and a weak management ability of village cadres. Meanwhile, countermeasures such as improving the talent training system, exploring and attracting talents in all aspects, and providing employment and entrepreneurial opportunities are proposed. The development of the countryside still needs to focus on the leading industries of Hainan Province, cultivate local talents, attract foreign talents, and make efforts to improve the quality of the talent team.

Peran Kepala Desa dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Non Fisik di Desa Paringan, Kecamatan Jenangan, Kabupaten Ponorogo

Villages are the front line implementers in the implementation of national development. The success of implementing village development depends on the ability of the village head to increase community participation and manage and cultivate the potential that exists in the village. Village development should not only focus on physical development but should also prioritize non-physical development which includes development in the social, cultural and economic fields. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the role of the village head in the implementation of non-physical development in Paringan Village, Jenangan District, Ponorogo Regency. Paringan Village was formerly a backward village and received a negative stigma as a crazy village. The vacancy of the village head position makes Paringan village lagging behind in various fields. However, since the leadership of the new village head has changed Paringan Village into an independent village full of achievements. To find out the role of the Parringan Village Head who has succeeded in advancing the village, a study was conducted by measuring the role of the village head in development using the theory from Siagian (2018) which includes the role as stabilizer, role as innovator, role as modernizer and role as pioneer. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data condensation, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study indicate that the Head of Paringan Village has played a role in the implementation of non-physical development and has brought progress in various fields to Paringan Village, Jenangan District, Ponorogo Regency.

ANALYSIS OF INDICATOR OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (CASE STUDY VILLAGE IN MAGELANG REGENCY 2014-2018)

<p>One of the target found in RPJMN 2015 – 2019 is to decrease the amount of backward village up to 5.000 and increase the amount of independent village up to 2.000. Therefore BPS and BAPPENAS issued a measuring instrument called Rural Development Index (RDI) that describes the level of progress or development of the village at a time (BPS, 2018). Magelang Regency is one of 4 regencies in Central Java which become a pilot innovation village in national level. The aims of this research are (1) to find out the description of RDI and (2) to find out the factors that influence the up and down of RDI. This research uses RDI measurement method issued by BPS and BAPPENAS in 2014. This method uses 42 indicators divided into 5 dimensions: (1) basic services; (2) infrastructure conditions; (3) accessibility/ transportation; (4) public services; and (5) governmental administration. The result shows that the RDI score in Magelang Regency in 2014 – 2018 increased even just 0,05. In 2014, RDI is at 64,24 and increased to 64,29 in 2018. Rural development is expected to empowering the community when the Rural Goverment making the development policy so it can be accordance with what the community needs.</p>

REPRESENTASI FEMINISME PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PEREMPUAN DI MADURA (STUDI KEBERHASILAN KEPALA DESA PEREMPUAN MENJADIKAN DESA BUNDER SEBAGAI DESA SWAKARYA DAN DESA SWASEMBADA)

Women's leadership in some areas is still considered didn’t usual in society. Women are still restricted by domestic roles, so although there are women active in public roles as a substitute, the length of the family or husband. In contrast, the study reveals the relationship between feminism and women leadership. The women head village during his reign can build the Bunder village from the backward village into a self-reliance village and self-developing. Direct observation, deep interviews and documentation show, the representation of feminism within the village government is evident in its leadership. Feminine values applied in leadership such as thorougoness, humility in the village government or community environment, the balance in managing the village government, discipline in the management of time, can embrace all classes and the last is open about the program to be implemented. The collaboration of feminism values on the village's leadership is the base of women head village make into Bunder village as village of self-developing. In addition, innovation and utilization of information technology development is used to support various community empowerment programs. Professionalism of each field is executed according to the predefined functions. This study shows a new fact about the women head village with not limited capacity and capability to lead the village government in rural Madura, but also achievers at the provincial to national level.

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN (KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT) TERHADAP KINERJA PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA MELALUI KOMPETENSI PENGELOLA

Shape a village governance professionals, efficient and effective, open and accountable as stipulated in Law No. 6 Year 2014 about the village, then the village financial management must be based on the principles: transparency, accountability, participation and orderly of disciplined budget. Therefore, one of the critical success factor in the management of village finances, highly dependent on the knowledge and competence of human resources involved. This study aims to analyze and explain empirically Effect of Knowledge Management of the Financial Management Performance village with the competences of the variable.The method used in this research is descriptive-quantitative approach. The unit of analysis of this research is all village, Village Consultative Body and the parties related to the financial manager villages are represented, with the category of village developed, developing or underdeveloped in Pulang Pisau and Gunung Mas, the total sample size of 30 people in the category advanced villages and 30 samples in the category of developing rural / under developed. Engineering samples are simple random. Data were analyzed using analysis approach Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a moderating effect, the software used is SmartPLS Versi3.Results from the study showed the Knowledge Management strong and positive influence on the competence of financial management in rural village forward and backward villages / evolved. Proven competence business as intermediate or intervening variable. In the village forward, the effect of knowledge management can improve competence and competence to improve the performance of financial operators, while in the backward villages / developing knowledge management influence on competence and does not affect the performance of the financial manager of the village. Performance Financial Management in the village developed significantly different from the performance of Financial Management in the village underdeveloped / developing. Knowledge management has no effect on the performance of financial management in both rural villages developed and underdeveloped villages / evolved.

A community based study on type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural field practice area of katuri medical college, Guntur

Background & Objectives: India is on its march towards having the most number of diabetics worldwide and is aptly called the „diabetic capital‟ of the world. Limited information on the problem of diabetes in rural area has necessitated the need for this study to find the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk factors associated with it along with the compliance in known diabetics. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted was conducted in Guntur, a rural field practice area of Katuri Medical College, Guntur during 1st January 2017 to 31st October 2018. A quick enumeration survey was done to identify the 6,992 participants aged 20 years and above of whom a sample of 1364 respondents were selected by systematic random sampling and were evaluated for diabetes, its risk factors and compliance. Results: Present study revealed the prevalence of diabetes as 6.52%. Diabetes was found to be significantly associated with increasing age in both the genders, in employed respondents, vegetarians, smokers, positive family history of diabetes, higher BMI, central obesity and among hypertensives. Only 39.76% diabetics knew their diabetic status and the overall compliance of diabetes were found to be 13.48%. Interpretation & Conclusion: Higher prevalence of diabetes similar to Indian average found in this village along with very poor compliance of diabetes is a matter of concern and has to be addressed in this economically backward villages of rural area by regular screening and motivation to modify the risk factors responsible and improve the compliance to reduce the possible complications of the disease.

Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): It’s Implication for Improving Discipline, Manner, and Skills

The research explores the implication of difficulties including lockdown caused by COVID-19 virus in improving discipline, manner, and skills for the development of society for independency. It studies a very backward village, Aambhanjyang, a village developing towards the city and a provincial capital city. It has not only the dark side by COVID-19 virus but also has a bright side for social development. With the study of its nature, human gains skills, develop a manner of self-discipline, and does the correction in culture. The changes may bring the dependent society into an independent society. The people from all the three types of location were not used to for the habits which prevent several types of communicable diseases passing from each other. It can be concluded that the difficult circumstances compel/opportune human to exist and combat with the new problems. Findings help society to be skilled in health care, mannered in behaving with each others, skilled for performing good and useful habits. Because of the changes, the skills, manner, habits make people disciplined and the discipline changes into tradition and finally the tradition become culture.

PH (piezoelectric on hydraulic ram pump) media supplier of water and producing electrical energy environment-friendly

Water and electricity are some of the most important components of human life in this 20th century, both in daily activities and in work. Water and electricity are also resources that should be massively exploited for the benefit to be felt by all elements of society. However, problems occur when geographical factors and infrastructure factors become an obstacle in supporting the availability of these resources. Geographical factors in the form of areas far from water sources, as well as the location of areas far from the reach of the government so that there is a gap in the development in the distribution of infrastructure within a region. This causes some elements of society, especially in backward villages, cannot benefit fully from these resources. To overcome the crisis, we try to innovate by making a development of a hydraulic ram (hydram) pump by adding piezoelectric material as a source of electricity. Then, we will put the piezoelectric material into the series of hydram pump so that the rural community will be left behind will be able to feel the water and electricity resources of our innovations are simultaneously environmentally friendly.

PEMBENTUKAN MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENGURANGI PENGANGGURAN DAN KEMISKINAN

ABSTRACT
 
 This study aims to examine the model’s formation that can reduce the problem of unemployment and poverty. In accordance with these objectives, there are several principal problems studied in this research that are; (1) how the approach to poverty reduction programs should be made, (2) how the potential of local institutions' resources are able to act as virtuous circles to reduce the poverty, (3) how the community empowerment model system based on the potential of local wisdom resources and institutions local communities should be conducted in order to be able to significantly reduce the number of local poor community, independent and sustainable. 
 This research was conducted at Muntuk Village due to it is classified as a backward village and it still has the good local wisdom potential to be developed further. This research applies participatory research method to the craftsmen group chosen as pioneer in forming the community empowerment model. The main subjects in this research are; craftsmen group and socio economic community societies at Muntuk Village. The subjects of this study are determined by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques are done through interview, FGD, and analytical descriptive analysis.
 The result of the research shows that the link and the integration among the bamboo handicraft industry, the local institution’s role, the entrepreneurship spirit and the work ethic of the craftsmen group through the entrepreneurial skills development and social entrepreneurship culture are able to be a virtuous circle or the virtue circle to cut the poverty problem, more independent and sustainable, from the original still powerless to be powerful. The strengthening of empowerment model supported by the strength of human capital, social capital, and also citizens participate actively, were increasingly able to produce a form of community empowerment model. Furthermore, the empowerment model is more strongly built through six pillars namely; industrial structure, entrepreneurship spirit, human capital and social capital factors, local institution, infrastructure and conductive environment. All sub-systems in each of these pillars are interconnected in a system namely community empowerment system model through the development of an entrepreneurial culture to alleviate unemployment and poverty. 
 Keywords : Empowerment Model, Enterpreneur Culture, Unemployment and Poverty

Social Determinants of Incidence of Maternal Deaths in KabupatenJeneponto in Year 2016

Maternal death is one of the major challenges to global health system and is common in developing countries, especially in some backward villages which have inadequate health facilities. The aims of the research were to describe the social health determinants of the incidence of maternal deaths in KabupatenJeneponto 2016. This research was a qualitative research with an in-depth interview method with case studies approach. The research informants were 3 close relatives who accompanied the patients and were willing to be interviewed. Informants of this study were identified with snowball technique. Data were analysed with the content analysis method. The results of the study indicated that the incidence of maternal death in Tamalatea clinic was mostly caused by the disease complication, although the patients were always checked for her pregnancy and childbirth at health facilities and by existing midwife in their regions. Presence of other diseases was also the companion case to the risks of maternal death.

Rural Development Scenario and Strategies in Bundelkhand Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Development is a multi-dimensional process involving qualitative and quantitative changes in social, political and economic domains of society and it is undertaken essentially to lead to a better state of life. Rural Development plays an important role in the inclusive growth of a region like Bundelkhand, where the majority of the population lives in backward villages. Without upliftment of these rural people, the objective of integrated and balanced development of the country cannot achieve. The study area under this research is the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, which consists of six districts of northern Madhya Pradesh, namely Datia, Tikamgarh, Chattarpur, Damoh, Sagar and Panna. The villages of the region is facing the severe problems of poverty, backwardness, unemployment, poor infrastructure facilities and industrial base, deprived health, under agricultural production and under development. Very few efforts have been made to tackle the problem of rural backwardness at micro-regional level. In the present study the Composite Index method has been adopted to measure the level of development among the villages of Bundelkhand region. On the basis of composite index, 7157 villages of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh have been divided into 4 categories of level of development. The paper aims to categories the villages into four deferent levels of development and frame a strategic planning module for the development of the rural economy to create a better tomorrow for Bundelkhand.

Undang-Undang Desa Sebagai Legitimasi Desa (Desa Dalam Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia)

Position the village in a country is very important, because the village is the spearhead of a government. The existence of the village only as a supplement to administrative, so the existence of a very backward village either of its human resources and in terms of management of natural resources are owned and infrastructure development tends to be slow. It makes villagers to make an exodus to urban areas for improvement of life. Recognition of the structure provided in the central government through a law on village administration look encouraging, but the relation to the welfare of the government does not pay attention. No wonder if the government runs a program is often different. The workload is heavy village government is not matched by right. The village as a vanguard of government, the village government should be able to overcome all the problems that arise in the community, with peace and peaceful village can increase unity and national unity of Indonesia

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA TERTINGGAL DI NAGARI BATU BANYAK KECAMATAN LEMBANG JAYA KABUPATEN SOLOK

Nagari Batu Banyak is one of the villages in West Sumatra. Weak physical and non-physical potential is thought to be a trigger lagging rural villages. For the purpose of this research is to determine the development strategy of backward villages in order to become a developed country. Qualitative research methods FGD (Focus Group Discussion) involving community leaders, cadiak pandai, and Wali Nagari. To reinforce the data, the researchers also conducted observations and interviews with informants. Appointment done by using purposive sampling while to determine rural development strategy using SWOT analysis (Strengths / strength, Weakness / weakness, Opportunities / opportunities, and Threats / threats) .Next, data analysis techniques through reduction, display, classification, and the conclusion. The result showed that the Nagari Batu Banyak an agricultural area with development potential persawahan.Belum type of physical and non-physical villages villages hamper progress. It can be seen from the acquisition of land resources are limited, damaged irrigation, and low production road access. While human resources, social institutions and economic institutions are still weak due to mental and public instant culture. Therefore, the strategy of rural development can be done by improving and optimizing natural resources through the use of quality seeds, improved irrigation and access roads production, improve the way the process of agriculture, improve human resources by training and counseling, socialization of economic action immoral, to improve the economy through the eyes of search Alternatively, set up a village granary, and to enhance community participation through social institutions.Keywords: strategy, strategy development, backward village

A Conceptual Analysis on Development of Rural Villages with Scarcely Resources in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh State

Most of the people (nearly 70%) lived in rural villages. Generally we can’t imagine the world without rural villages. So the study explains, development of rural villages with scarcely resources in prakasam dist Andhra Pradesh and explains how to utilization of scarcely resources effectively in rural villages. Rural Development means it is process in all round development of rural area based on scientific utilization of India's natural resources. With this aim, several efforts were made at rural development to better the socio-economic lot of villagers from ancient times to British period. The main objective of the study is to develop the rural villages with available limited resources in prakasam dist Andhra Pradesh state. The purpose of the study is to find out and evaluate the scarcely resources in each every backward rural villages in prakasam dist, AP and work towards to effective utilization of these resources for better development of rural areas. It might be caused for economic growth and economic development of rural villages in the country. After completion of the study we known how to develop rural villages with scarcely resources in prakasam dist, Andhra Pradesh and we get fully awareness and knowledge about scarcely resources in rural areas

State territorialization, neoliberal governmentality: the remaking of Dafen oil painting village, Shenzhen, China

ABSTRACTAfter being showcased during Shanghai EXPO2010, Dafen village has been put forward as an example of “best practice” governance that has transformed a backward urban village into an art cluster. Behind this glorified image is a continuously re-constructed social landscape. In this study, we adopt the approach of state territorialization, drawing insights from the Foucauldian concept of governmentality as disposition of things—in particular people and their relations to land. At issue here is how the dynamic process of territorialization, combined with the Chinese version of moral citizenship, serves the remaking of subjects, landscape, and their relations. In Dafen village, the experiment of fabricating conditioned welfare within China’s welfare system conjures up a new hukou arrangement and new forms of inclusion and exclusion. By exercising the technology of self-regulation, the state seeks temporal and fragile alignments with selected social groups. The outcomes are contingent and frequently take the form of new configurations of power.

Interlocking Factor Market in Agrarian Economy of Sri Lanka

Informal credit market plays a crucial role in the rural sector in developing countries. Prices of goods and services, in general, in the competitive markets are determined by the market forces but, prices of factors of production in agrarian economy are interlinked, thus reward of land, labour and credit also are determined by the interlockers.. An interlinked transaction is one in which the parties trade in at least two markets on the condition that the terms of all trade between them are jointly determined (Bell and Srinivasan, 1989). Agriculture sector is the foremost economic activity in Sri Lanka. Nearly 70 percent of total population living in rural areas depends completely or partially on agriculture sector. The main objective of the study is to examine the incidence of different types of linkages prevalent in the developed and backward villages among paddy farming households in Sammanthurai Divisional Secretariat area of Ampara district in Sri Lanka. This study is based on primary data and the data related to the year 2011-2012 (2011 Yala and 2011-2012 Maha). According to the results 95 per cent of the households in backward villages and 65 per cent of households in developed villages are involved in interlinked credit transactions, Hence, the result exhibits that interlinked credit transaction is higher in backward villages than that of developed villages. The results further reveal that Cash-to-Labour and Kind-to-Labour transactions in developed villages are allowed free of charge. Kind-Cash and Input-to-Output transactions are completely seen in the backward villages. Input-to-Output market link which is foremost in the backward villages and it is found to be exploitative to the paddy farmers.

Success Status of Government Development Programmes: An Experience from Cooch Behar District,West Bengal, India

Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been identified by the Panchayat and Rural Development Department, Govt. of West Bengal, India as the most backward in the state. Cooch Behar (one of the sub Himalayan district of the said state) also had declared 52 (fifty two) villages as backward in two consecutive phases. Some extra developmental impetus had been given in those villages to facilitate growth and prosperity. The present investigation was undertaken in the backward villages of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal (India) to study the success status of government development programmes running in the villages. A sample of 10% families was taken randomly for the study. Besides analyzing the secondary data obtained from ICDS projects (Integrated Child Development Project) and village Panchayat, an index called Composite Success Index (CSI) was developed for assessing the present status of success of the development programmes undertaken by the government agencies. The study revealed that the success of development programmes were low to medium in most of the villages. It is also revealed that success status is more where backwardness is more i.e. more backward villages achieved more success with respect to implementation of different development programmes.

VGKK and Karuna Trust: Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development

800 million of the 1200 million people in India have been classified as being poor. About 500 million are “below the poverty line” – a euphemism for per capita income of less than US$ 2 per day. Over 80% of these are the rural poor – living in conditions that cannot be described. These are the people “at the bottom of the pyramid” in the words of C K Prahalad. The country’s impressive economic growth in the last two decades is shadowed by the failure to lift this large mass of people out of poverty and degradation.Traditional models – whether one wants to look at the Nehruvian model of socialism in which the public sector had a pre-eminent role to play or the half-hearted market economy model of the present Government – have failed to deliver. The Westminster model inherited from the British has created a new class – the politician bureaucrat nexus – that has systematically deprived the ever growing population of the fruits of development (L C Jain et al; Grass without Roots; Sage Publications; 1986). No less than three successive Prime Ministers have admitted that of every Indian Rupee spent on development; only 10% reaches the target group. In contrast, of every Indian Rupee spent through not-for-profit entities, 90% reaches the target group.The case is about one of the most inspiring examples of Social Entrepreneurship in the last three decades. Dr Sudarshan graduated in medicine in 1973. He served as a doctor with the Ramakrishna Mission and in that capacity travelled to different places – the Himalayas in the north to a very backward village in the Southern Indian State of Karnataka. Appalled by the living conditions of the Soliga Tribe of B R Hills in Karnataka, and inspired by the lives of Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda and Albert Schweitzer, he decided to devote his life to improving the conditions of the tribe. Thus was born the Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra (VGKK), a not-for-profit organization dedicated to transforming the Soliga Tribe in 1980 and Karuna Trust, a not-for-profit organization for the eradication of leprosy, tuberculosis and other diseases in 1986.This case outlines the unconventional approach taken by Dr Sudarshan in delivering health care, providing education and vocational training, and most importantly, facilitating the transformation of the tribes into micro-producers without ever having to give up their culture and traditions. Extracts from the medicinal plants grown by the tribe are being exported to the developed countries. Handicrafts and artefacts made by the tribe are being marketed through cooperatives. In other words, the Soliga Tribe are now an integral part of the growth story of India. Recognizing the pioneering work of Dr Sudarshan, the Government of Karnataka invited him to be a part of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) to manage the Primary Health Centres in Karnataka. As a result, the Karuna Trust today manages a PHC in every district of Karnataka. Other states have followed suit and the Trust manages PHCs in Arunachal Pradesh (North India) and Orissa (Eastern India). Requests are pouring in to manage PHCs in other states as well. Dr Sudarshan has demonstrated that selfless social entrepreneurship can do wonders to the process of development. He has provided an alternate model for inclusive growth and economic development of local communities while retaining the rich culture and traditions that have stood the test of time.The uniqueness of the model is its simplicity, scalability and repeatability. India is a diverse country with very different cultures. If the model could be implemented with equal felicity in Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh and Orissa, there is no reason why it cannot be implemented anywhere in the world. In that sense, Dr Sudarshan has given humanity hope for a better tomorrow.

“Village Plaza”—The Idea Study of a Complex Community Scene

The idea of “Village Plaza,” the scene of the local-principled complex community, emerged as a result of those studies that are concerned about villages that were once strictly guarded because they were situated by the border of the then existing Yugoslavia. The community of these backward villages was highly eroded; therefore “Village Plaza” was invented as a potential tool to catalyze the development capacity of these demoralized communities.