Backup System Research Articles

The Effect of Power Outages on Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises in South Africa

The frequent power outages in South Africa have had a detrimental impact on the nation’s economy overall and on small and medium-sized enterprises in particular. The goal of this study is to determine how load shedding affects small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. The research design pinpoints practical ways to reduce the negative effects of power outages on these companies. This study adopts a quantitative research approach. Fifty SME owners and managers from the Mahikeng local municipality were selected to represent the entire country using a descriptive single cross-sectional design and a non-probability convenience sample technique. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 27.0, was used to evaluate the collected data. The findings of the study indicate that load shedding has caused significant operational problems for South African small enterprises since 2008. As a result, to maintain output, many companies have had to make adaptations, including establishing backup power solutions and moving to manual labor. SMEs continue to face significant challenges because of the high cost of backup systems, the increase in criminal activity during blackouts, and the requirement for open and positive customer relations, despite efforts to mitigate these consequences. The present study underscores the criticality of SMEs’ investments in crime prevention strategies and dependable backup power systems in Mafikeng and throughout South Africa to mitigate the adverse impacts of ongoing load shedding on commercial operations and economic stability. It is underlined that maintaining client confidence and ensuring continued business performance despite these challenges requires effective customer relationship management.

Operation status monitoring for 500 kV DC circuit breaker with internal failures and relative backup fault isolation schemes

As the primary protection and control device in direct current (DC) power systems, DC circuit breakers (DCBs) have complex structures and numerous components, making it prone to diversified internal failures. This paper explores an operation status monitoring method for DCBs, and relative backup fault isolation schemes and system recovery schemes are proposed to handle cases of DCBs with different internal failures. Contributions of this paper are: (1) An operation status monitoring method is proposed to reflect the failure degrees of DCB, categorizing the statuses of DCB into status-1 (normal), status-2 (minor failure) and status-3 (major failure). (2) According to the failure degrees of DCB, relative backup fault isolation and system recovery schemes are proposed to ensure the fault isolation scope is as small as possible and the system could recovery as fast as possible. Simulations are conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC for validation.

Intelligent control algorithms to ensure the flight safety of aerospace vehicles

An overview of the architectures, functions and algorithms of aircraft-type aerospace vehicles equipped with fly-by-wire (FBW) digital integrated control systems (ICS) is given. The ICS has a hierarchical architecture, including the primary, backup and emergency control systems with a sophisticated control reconfiguration logic in the event of failures. Digital control computers have dissimilar redundancy of equipment and software. At the atmospheric flight stage, integrator control laws provide the specified control characteristics, flight envelope protection, automatic trim of vehicle and crew workload alleviation. Further integration of manual and automatic control, implementation of the control philosophy as a continuation of the pilot's actions, more intellectual control system and human-machine interface, use of multiple control surfaces to ensure optimal vehicle configuration and alleviate structural loading together with basic control functions are considered as promising areas for ICS improvement.

The efflux system CdfX exports zinc that cannot be transported by ZntA in Cupriavidus metallidurans.

Cupriavidus metallidurans is able to survive exposure to high concentrations of transition metals, but is also able to grow under metal starvation conditions. A prerequisite of cellular zinc homeostasis is a flow equilibrium combining zinc uptake and efflux processes. The mutant strain ∆e4 of the parental plasmid-free strain AE104 with a deletion of all four chromosomally encoded genes of previously known efflux systems ZntA, CadA, DmeF, and FieF was still able to efflux zinc in a pulse-chase experiment, indicating the existence of a fifth efflux system. The gene cdfX, encoding a protein of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, is located in proximity to the cadA gene, encoding a P-type ATPase. Deletion of cdfX in the ∆e4 mutant resulted in a further decrease in zinc resistance. Pulse-chase experiments with radioactive 65Zn(II) and stable-isotope-enriched 67Zn(II) provided evidence that CdfX was responsible for the residual zinc efflux activity of the mutant strain ∆e4. Reporter gene fusions with cdfX-lacZ indicated that the MerR-type regulator ZntR, the main regulator of zntA expression, was responsible for zinc- and cadmium-dependent upregulation of cdfX expression, especially in mutant cells lacking one or both of the previously characterized efflux systems, ZntA and CadA. Expression of zntR also proved to be controlled by ZntR itself as well as by zinc and cadmium availability. These data indicate that the cdfX-cadA region provides C. metallidurans with a backup system for the zinc-cadmium-exporting P-type ATPase ZntA, with CdfX exporting zinc and CadA cadmium.IMPORTANCEBacteria have evolved the ability to supply the important trace element zinc to zinc-dependent proteins, despite external zinc concentrations varying over a wide range. Zinc homeostasis can be understood as adaptive layering of homeostatic systems, allowing coverage from extreme starvation to extreme resistance. Central to zinc homeostasis is a flow equilibrium of zinc comprising uptake and efflux reactions, which adjusts the cytoplasmic zinc content. This report describes what happens when an imbalance in zinc and cadmium concentrations impairs the central inner-membrane zinc efflux system for zinc by competitive inhibition for this exporter. The problem is solved by activation of Cd-exporting CadA or Zn-exporting CdfX as additional efflux systems.

Simulation of 1 MWe hybrid solar power plant by the use of nano-fluid with eccentric backup system.

In past years, concentrated solar power (CSP) with an energy backup system has been a unique renewable energy utilization system among intermittent renewable energy systems. It could allow a CSP plant to operate as a base load system in the future. This paper simulates a solar power plant for 1 MWe. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) array and linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) field attached consecutively to produce superheated steam at 40MPa. The Rankine cycle has been used to run the steam turbine and an electricity generator is attached to a steam turbine to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Maximum temperature attained at the turbine inlet is 418.13 ˚C in 12:00-13:00 time slot in the month of January. Results show that solar power plant is feasible to produce 1 MWe. The minimum value of the power produced by the generator is 1.01 MWe in November in the 10:00-11:00 time slot whereas the maximum value of generated power is 1.57 MWe in December in the 11:00-12:00 time slot. The overall efficiency of power generated by the Rankine cycle is 21.25% in January in the 10:00-11:00 time slot. An energy storage system is attached to the system to work at night hours or in cloudy weather conditions.

An efficient and resilient energy management strategy for hybrid microgrids inspired by the honey badger's behavior

This manuscript introduces a highly efficient hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that combines photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WTs) as primary power sources, supplemented by three backup systems: batteries, hydrogen energy storage systems (HESSs), and supercapacitors (SCs). This system employs a multi-objective optimization algorithm to dynamically identify the best energy management system (EMS). The performance of the proposed EMS across different operational scenarios is assessed using seven distinct algorithms to identify the best solution, particularly emphasizing two main objective functions: operating cost and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Furthermore, the study rigorously evaluates the performance of these algorithms against nine benchmarks to determine the most appropriate algorithm for the HRES under consideration. In the 1st scenario, power demand is met using both primary and backup energy sources. The honey badger algorithm (HBA) proved its cost-effectiveness and efficiency by achieving the lowest overall operating cost and the highest efficiency of 95.893 %. Additionally, its computation time was notably faster, being 70 s–488 s quicker than the other algorithms. The 2nd scenario arises when power demand exceeds the available generation capacity because of the charging limits of all energy storage systems (ESSs), which prevents them from providing power to the load. The HBA achieved the lowest cost and matched the highest efficiency score of 96.691 %. Furthermore, HBA provided the quickest optimization, completing the process 400 s–450 s faster than the other techniques. In the 3rd scenario, the generated power surpasses the current load demand, and the ESS components are fully charged therefore, the proposed EMS efficiently directs excess power to a dummy load, preventing overcharging of storage components and enhancing grid stability. The HBA consistently exceeded the performance of other algorithms, achieving the lowest average cost, maintaining the highest efficiency of 95.305 %, and solving the optimization problem 300 s–500 s faster than the alternatives. Consequently, these results highlight HBA's flexibility and effectiveness, positioning it as a reliable choice for optimizing energy systems across various operational scenarios.

A Systematic Approach to Implementing Two-Factor Authentication for Backup and Recovery Systems

A Systematic Approach to Implementing Two-Factor Authentication for Backup and Recovery Systems

Solar Power Plant Optimization using Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

The automatic system model uses a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to turn off the solar panel system at the minimum battery point so that the battery is safe and durable and an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to automatically transfer the electricity network from State Electricity Company or Grid or solar panels. In this study, Solar Panel Priority Grid electricity is used if the solar panel is insufficient and hybrid system with solar panel priority with 2 cut out battery usage. The results of this study are 450WP Solar Panel, 100A SCC MPPT, 12V/100Ah Battery, and 3000 Watt Modified Sine Wave Inverter, Miniature Circuit Breaker, Contactor, Relay Switch, Time Delay Relay and Indicators. The results of the switching process test between the Solar Power Plant source and grid with ATS control can run automatically in Grid Priority Mode, meaning Solar Power Plant as a backup, or Solar Power Plant Priority Mode where the grid source is used as a power backup system. In the Battery Capacity Optimization System, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Protection can work well, namely it can cut off the voltage from the inverter if the battery is in a low voltage state at a rating below 10.8 Volts, Auto Cut Charging Protection testing can charge the battery up to 13.8 Volts and Cycle Use, namely the process of this system can work to store energy while releasing energy to run the load. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the best choice of the most efficient Solar Power Plant system.

Techno-economic analysis and optimization of a hybrid solar-wind-biomass-battery framework for the electrification of a remote area: A case study

An off-grid hybrid energy framework on the basis of wind turbines and photovoltaic panels as the primary source of energy and a biogas generator and energy storage unit as a back-up system, was considered for clean energy generation in a rural area in Semnan, Iran. This study was aimed at designing an optimized hybrid renewable framework with minimal costs and CO2 emissions and highest reliability, utilizing comprehensive modeling based on two energy management strategies. The decision-making variables in this work were the type and number of wind turbines, number of storage units, capacity of solar panels, and the capacity of biogas generator. Then variations in turbine model, inflation rate and biofuel prices and their effect on the optimal design of the hybrid framework was investigated in a range of uncertainties (0, 1, and 2.5 %). Additionally, the powerplant emissions penalty cost rate was also considered. Eventually, the optimal hybrid frameworks were economically and environmentally compared with a stand-alone diesel generator. Optimization results confirmed the superiority of the proposed hybrid wind-solar-biomass-battery system in comparison with other investigated systems. The cost of energy for the optimal design including biogas generator (22 kW), photovoltaic panels (30.7 kW), a 10 kW wind turbine, 11 batteries and an inverter (15.1 kW), while considering the inflation rate of 10 % and the uncertainty rate of 0 %, is equal to 0.201 $/kWh. Additionally, the selected optimal design emitted 97 % less CO2 annually, in comparison with the similarly-sized diesel-based energy system.

ChronoBak: Automated cost-effective incremental backup software for large-scale data

Background: Data backup is an important component of data protection and management. It is especially imperative to back up large-scale data to guard against losses due to hardware failure, unauthorized access, software/system malfunction, and unintended deletion. However, businesses and organizations suffer from the financial investment required for data backup and recovery systems. Health-care systems suffer from data breaches and hacking incidents, which increase annually. Therefore, a cost-effective and highly secure backup approach is necessary. Methods: Seven different backup scripts were written in bash within Linux, and Crontab was used as the core chronological scheduler to execute the backup scripts on specific dates and times. These bash scripts, together with Crontab as their scheduler, were used to implement automated incremental backups on a Unix/Linux-based system. Results: ChronoBak is a collection of bash scripts that are compiled and executed through Crontab, which is a standard Unix/Linux function used to schedule hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance routines using Linux scripts. This strategy enabled us to implement cost-effective incremental backups within any time range. Conclusion: We developed ChronoBak software, which executes an automated incremental backup that is scheduled efficiently and systematically using standard and hidden directories, thereby providing an additional layer of security against cyber threats and system malfunctions.

A hybrid renewable energy system for Hassi Messaoud region of Algeria: modeling and optimal sizing

The growing global energy demand and the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have driven the exploration of sustainable and efficient energy solutions. In Algeria, where the energy sector relies heavily on fossil fuels, integrating renewable energy systems is essential for enhancing energy security and reducing environmental impacts. This study focuses on optimizing a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for off-grid applications in the Hassi Messaoud region of Algeria to balance technical performance, economic viability, and environmental sustainability.A hybrid system consisting of photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), fuel cells (FC), and diesel generators (DG) was modeled and optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA). The optimization process aims to minimize the annual cost of the system while ensuring high reliability, as measured by the loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and maximizing the use of renewable energy. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach was also implemented for comparison, highlighting the advantages of the GA in terms of cost distribution and system reliability. The optimized HRES demonstrated that renewable sources (PV and WT) provided 77% of the total energy demand, with an overall system cost of 0.18080$×kWh−1, significantly lower than recent studies, which reported costs between $0.213 and 0.609$×kWh−1. FCs contributed 14% to the load, whereas DGs were limited to 8% to minimize emissions, resulting in annual CO2 emissions of 10,865 kg and a relative emission rate of 3.608 gCO2eq×kWh−1. Economic analysis showed that DGs and FCs accounted for 44% and 24% of the annual cost, respectively, highlighting the impact of backup systems in ensuring reliability.Sensitivity analysis under varying load demands and renewable energy availability confirmed the robustness of the system, and the GA approach was found to be more effective than PSO in maintaining cost efficiency and reliability. Additionally, the social analysis highlighted a renewable fraction (RF) of 91.5%, emphasizing the contribution of the system to sustainable energy practices. These findings validate GA-based optimization as a superior method for designing cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally sustainable HRES, offering significant potential to reduce fossil fuel dependency in industrial applications. These results not only support the broader adoption of renewable energy systems in similar regions but also contribute valuable insights for future research and policy development in the field of energy sustainability.

Getting mammograms shouldn’t be so bumpy: Improving mammogram workflow in VA community care.

345 Background: The interplay between VA-based care and Community Care (CC) has long been important for continuity of patient care, though transitioning care between the two is often fraught with problems. Mammograms ordered at VA San Diego (VASD) are often deferred to Community Care; while this process should be smooth and seamless, it is instead challenging to navigate, with inconsistent rates of completion and results often not relayed to patients leading to delayed/missed diagnoses. We applied extensive QI methodology towards overhauling the VASD Community Care Mammogram workflow to improve rates of CC mammogram completion and results released to patients in a timely manner. Methods: We evaluated the CC mammogram workflow and implemented interventions at VASD from 01/2022-04/2023. An A3 was used for tracking process improvement. Using Lean Six Sigma process improvement strategies, we identified several problematic areas within the CC Mammogram workflow that are prone to errors and can lead to patient safety issues. Weekly meetings/interviews were set up to identify pain points with the primary users to allow for continuous process evaluation and improvement. Primary outcome was the frequency with which a CC mammogram order had mammogram completed and result released to patient within the expected timeframe by VISN 22 metrics (BIRADS 0,3,4,5,6 <7 days and BIRADS 1,2 <14 days to notification). Results: Process mapping of the VASD CC mammogram process revealed significant waste and failure modes. Notably among these was the splintered tracking systems used across multiple users and lack of automated follow-up reminders. Multiple PDSAs involved standardizing workflow by developing an SOP that focused on standardization of tracking orders/results, creating automated task reminders, while also adding backup systems and double-checks. To centralize and standardize the patient tracking process, we repurposed the Coordinated Care Tracking System (CCTS), a VA-based tool that is used for tracking patients in other departments and creating reminders for follow up, while storing patient data in a centralized location. We also redesigned and streamlined the mammogram ordering menu within CPRS. Implementation of the above interventions increased monthly rates of mammograms completed and reported to patients in a timely manner from a median of 67.5% to 100% in all BIRADS groups by 10/2022, and sustained at 100% through 04/2023. Conclusions: Standardization of workflow and incorporation of CCTS software into the CC Mammogram process led to an appreciable improvement in rates of CC mammogram scheduling and timely result notifications. Improved tracking of CC mammogram patients has the potential to prevent unnecessary patient harm. It is worth considering whether CCTS and a similar standardized process should be incorporated into other CC programs, as these issues are not unique to VASD mammograms.

Development of cable-climbing robot with inspection function

Abstract The primary purpose of this study is to research and develop a crawler-type cable climbing robot to meet the demand of Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Ltd, using excellent structural design to meet the current practical requirements of the application of cable diameter varies greatly and simplify the operation process, improve the efficiency of the safety inspection of bridge cables and reduce the related risks, and through numerical analysis and the finite element method to optimize the design. The design is mainly divided into three parts: vibration measurement mechanism, robot control system, and cable climbing mechanism. The vibration measurement mechanism adopts the micro-vibration measurement method, in which a 3-axis piezoelectric accelerometer is tightly attached to the cable to measure the resonance frequency of the cable and detect the cable force. The robot control system adopts the fourth-generation Raspberry Pi as the central controller, with a ground remote control system and a backup system to prevent the robot from losing control due to the failure of the central system. The drive unit adopts a stepping motor with a planetary gearbox to drive the crawler. The cable-climbing mechanism uses a compression device to keep the robot’s track close to the cable to achieve a maximum speed of 0.04 m/s and to cross an obstacle limit of 9 mm over a 60-200 mm vertical or horizontal cable. The tracked cable-climbing robot is tested to be installed and operated by a single person and is adaptable to different cable environments with rapid deployment and operation.

The Critical Role of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in securing backup, recovery, and storage systems

In the contemporary digital landscape, safeguarding data through robust access control mechanisms is crucial. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is an effective strategy for managing access to backup and recovery systems, as well as storage devices. RBAC assigns permissions based on user roles, thereby enforcing the principle of least privilege and enhancing data security. This blog explores the significance of RBAC in these contexts and extends its relevance to ransomware and malware threats, as well as disaster recovery. Supported by scientific research and industry case studies, it underscores how RBAC can mitigate risks, ensure regulatory compliance, and improve data management practices.

Using the Termux mobile application for forensic expertise of Android devices

Mobile device logical data extraction methods extract the data present on the device by interacting with the operating system and accessing the file system. These methods are important because they provide valuable data, work on most devices, and are easy to use. Again the concept of rooting comes into play when extracting data. Boolean methods don't actually require root access to extract data. However, having root access on the device allows you to access all the files present on the device. This means that some data can be extracted on a non-rooted device, while root access will unlock the device and give access to all files present on the device. Therefore, having a rooted device will greatly affect the amount and type of data that can be retrieved using the logical methods. The adb utility is often used to logistically retrieve data from the device. It facilitates various actions with the device, such as installing and debugging programs, copying data, creating system backups. adb provides access to the phone shell, which can be used to execute various commands on the device. But if to work with this and other necessary utilities from a mobile phone, using the Termux terminal, in some cases it significantly saves time and effort. Termux allows to read, process, analyze data from a target device using just phone, providing a highly mobile way of working with data.

Implementation of a multistage predictive energy management strategy considering electric vehicles using a novel hybrid optimization technique

In this paper, a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based energy management strategy across three levels is designed for isolated microgrids. During the initial phase, AI is not employed. A precise and rapid-response microcontroller, namely the FPGA, is utilized. The performance of the FPGA is experimentally investigated under various operation conditions. In the second phase, AI plays a crucial role in enhancing both the reliability and economic effectiveness of the system. The multi-objective snake optimization (SO) algorithm is employed to attain high technical and economic performance within predefined constraints. Three objective functions are involved in this phase, focusing on the minimization of operational costs, loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and electrical energy losses in the dummy load. In the third level, a novel control strategy-based coordinated model predictive control is presented as part of the proposed AI-embedded energy management strategy. A hybrid optimization algorithm combining the multilayer feed-forward neural networks (MFFNN) and SO algorithms is proposed to predict the output power of backup sources. The microgrid under consideration is supported by a hybrid backup system comprising battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric vehicle (EV) batteries, and fuel cells (FCs). The effectiveness of this hybrid algorithm is evaluated through comparison with many other algorithms, aiming to assess its performance in accurately predicting the output power of backup sources. The results show the feasibility of using AI to achieve efficient operation and energy management in microgrids. The proposed MFFNN-SO algorithm achieves the best performance, as the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) for FCs, BESS, and EV is about 0.1296 %, 0.0094 %, and 0.1304 %, respectively. The SO algorithm achieves a notable 6.3361% reduction in operating costs, resulting in a final operational cost of 166.4811 $.

Mitigating inter-story drift concentration in seismic-resistant self-centering braced frames by using strong backup systems

Seismic-resistant self-centering concentrically braced frames (SC-CBFs) are susceptible to the concentration of inter-story drifts during earthquakes owing to the relatively low energy dissipation ability of braces. To address this limitation, this study proposed a novel solution by designing a strong backup (SB) system to mitigate inter-story deformation concentration in “weak” stories. The proposed SB system consisting of truss members can be attached to the existing SC-CBF through pin connections, forming a system, termed strong backup SC-CBF (SC-CBF-SB), to promote a more uniform distribution of inter-story drifts along the height of the frame and mitigate the weak story behavior. A six-story chevron-braced frame is adopted to investigate the seismic performance of SC-CBF and SC-CBF-SB. Finite element models of SC-CBF and SC-CBF-SB are built. The mechanical characteristics and dynamic responses of the SC-CBF-SB are examined. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of both SC-CBF and SC-CBF-SB, static pushover analyses and nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted. Additionally, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed to evaluate the responses (particularly drift concentration) of both frame types subjected to increasing seismic intensity levels. Numerical results show that the maximum value of the drift concentration factor (DCF) is around 1.3 and 1.8 for SC-CBF-SB and SC-CBF, respectively, indicating that SC-CBF-SB can effectively mitigate inter-story drift concentration of SC-CBF. Meanwhile, the proposed SB system has a minimal negative impact on the favorable SC ability of the frame.

A case report of system configuration issue in medical imaging due to system upgrade- changes in hardware and software.

Although the rapid growth in the efficiency of medical imaging is undeniable, the expansion of health information technology (HIT) into medical imaging has not been as seamless or well-integrated as it was thought to be. The socio-technical complexities in medical imaging associated with HIT systems can cause risks to patient harm and inconvenience, both individually and collectively, often in new, unforeseen, and unexpected ways. This study reflects a retrospectively collected single incident report related to medical imaging HIT systems, aiming to develop a set of preventive and corrective strategies. A combination of multiple deductive approaches (existing frameworks), i.e., HIT Classification Systems and 18-step medical imaging process workflow and inductive method (content analysis), were used to analyze the incident. The incident was identified as a "system configuration"-related software issue, contributed by system upgrade- changes in hardware and software. The incident was determined to occur during steps 10-12, i.e., "study selection and retrieval," "calling up of patient's referral," and "image review and interpretation," causing severe disruptions in the clinical workflow for several weeks. We propose 16 preventive and corrective strategies grouped under four key areas based on the socio-technical aspects associated with HIT systems. The key areas are (i) preparation and integration for upgraded systems, (ii) training for medical imaging specialists, (iii) contingency planning/immediate backup system, and (iv) system design and configuration. These strategies are expected to help healthcare staff, analysts, reporters, researchers, and relevant stakeholders improve care delivery and patient safety in medical imaging in the context of any system upgrades.

Integrated Home Energy Management with Hybrid Backup Storage and Vehicle-to-Home Systems for Enhanced Resilience, Efficiency, and Energy Independence in Green Buildings

This study presents an innovative home energy management system (HEMS) that incorporates PV, WTs, and hybrid backup storage systems, including a hydrogen storage system (HSS), a battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs) with vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology. The research, conducted in Liaoning Province, China, evaluates the performance of the HEMS under various demand response (DR) scenarios, aiming to enhance resilience, efficiency, and energy independence in green buildings. Four DR scenarios were analyzed: No DR, 20% DR, 30% DR, and 40% DR. The findings indicate that implementing DR programs significantly reduces peak load and operating costs. The 40% DR scenario achieved the lowest cumulative operating cost of $749.09, reflecting a 2.34% reduction compared with the $767.07 cost in the No DR scenario. The integration of backup systems, particularly batteries and fuel cells (FCs), effectively managed energy supply, ensuring continuous power availability. The system maintained a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP), indicating high reliability. Advanced optimization techniques, particularly the reptile search algorithm (RSA), are crucial in enhancing system performance and efficiency. These results underscore the potential of hybrid backup storage systems with V2H technology to enhance energy independence and sustainability in residential energy management.

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN ARSIP ELEKTRONIK DALAM OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN ARSIP DI PT KREATIVITAS GANESHA SEJAHTERA

In the digital era, archives management is evolving with challenges and opportunities. This research evaluates the use of electronic archives for process optimization. Traditional methods often consume time and are vulnerable to physical risks. This study focuses on the application of electronics for archiving. Primary data was obtained from interviews with managers at PT Kreativitas Ganesha Sejahtera. Findings include: (i) Digital archive storage through softcopy and hardcopy (ii) Grouping based on institution and time (iii) Classification of archives based on subject, form, and function (iv) Use of ERMS and EDMS systems (v) Important information technology infrastructure such as power supply, network, and backup systems.