Back-propagation Artificial Network Research Articles

Implementation of Backpropagation Artificial Network Methods for Early Children’s Intelligence Prediction

Intelligence is the ability to process certain types of information derived from human biological and psychological factors. This study aims to implement a Backpropagation artificial neural network for prediction of early childhood intelligence and how to calculate system accuracy on children's intelligence using the backpropagation artificial neural network method. The Backpropagation Neural Network method is one of the best methods in dealing with the problem of recognizing complex patterns. Backpropagation Neural Networks have advantages because the learning is done repeatedly so that it can create a system that is resistant to damage and consistently works well. The application of the Backpropagation Neural Network method is able to predict the intelligence of early childhood. The results of the calculation of the Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network method from 42 children's intelligence data being tested, with 27 training data and 15 test data, the results obtained 100% accuracy percentage results.

Spatial Pattern and Environmental Drivers of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Europe.

Acid phosphatase produced by plants and microbes plays a fundamental role in the recycling of soil phosphorus (P). A quantification of the spatial variation in potential acid phosphatase activity (AP) on large spatial scales and its drivers can help to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of bio-availability of soil P. We applied two machine-learning methods (Random forests and back-propagation artificial networks) to simulate the spatial patterns of AP across Europe by scaling up 126 site observations of potential AP activity from field samples measured in the laboratory, using 12 environmental drivers as predictors. The back-propagation artificial network (BPN) method explained 58% of AP variability, more than the regression tree model (49%). In addition, BPN was able to identify the gradients in AP along three transects in Europe. Partial correlation analysis revealed that soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total P, and labile organic P) and climatic controls (annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and temperature amplitude) were the dominant factors influencing AP variations in space. Higher AP occurred in regions with higher mean annual temperature, precipitation and higher soil total nitrogen. Soil TP and Po were non-monotonically correlated with modeled AP for Europe, indicating diffident strategies of P utilization by biomes in arid and humid area. This study helps to separate the influences of each factor on AP production and to reduce the uncertainty in estimating soil P availability. The BPN model trained with European data, however, could not produce a robust global map of AP due to the lack of representative measurements of AP for tropical regions. Filling this data gap will help us to understand the physiological basis of P-use strategies in natural soils.

Local tangent space alignment and relevance vector machine as nonlinear methods for estimating sensory quality of tea using NIR spectroscopy

The quality of green tea is conventionally tested by human sensory panel, who assign quality scores to different teas. In order to overcome the deficiency of sensory evaluation methods, near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy combined with nonlinear methods was used to evaluate the sensory quality of green tea in this study. Nonlinear dimension reduction methods such as Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA), and Local Tangent Space Alignment (LTSA) were used to reduce the dimension of the spectral data, and compared with linear dimension reduction methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Relevance vector machine (RVM) as a nonlinear quantitative analysis method was performed comparatively to develop calibration models between the sensory scores of the sensory panels and objective determination (NIR spectra measurements), and compared with back-propagation artificial network and linear PLS model. Experiment results showed that the non-linear reduction algorithm LTSA could obtain better effect on spatial reduction dimensional for NIR spectral data of tea. And when the number K of the neighborhoods in LTSA was 15, the RMSECV of RVM model was the minimum. The performance of LTSA-RVM model was superior to the others when 8 intrinsic variables were used. In the prediction set, Rp, RMSEP and RPD were 0.963, 1.461 and 3.788, respectively. The absolute value of prediction error of all prediction samples in LTSA-RVM are below 3.0, which indicated that the sensory scores predicted by NIR were consistent with the scores by tea assessors. The results of recovery study were 98.42%–102.81% at 5 real tea samples and the relative error lower than 3%. The research demonstrates that NIR technology combined with nonlinear analysis methods can effectively estimate sensory quality of tea and also present a potential way for fast and effective determination of the sensory quality of green tea.

基于BP网络的手部气味识别<br>A Recognition Model of Hand Odor Based on BP Artificial Network

本文建立了一个基于BP人工神经网络的手部气味识别模型，并对网络参数进行了选择优化。人体手部气味经样品采集、浓缩后，用气相色谱–质谱联用仪对其进行分析获得手部气味轮廓图，并利用逐步判别分析法提取了手部气味轮廓图的47个特征变量(有机化合物)。在此基础上，构建了一个47 × 10 × 1的BP网络，其隐含层和输出层的传递函数分别为tansig和logsig，训练函数为trainrp。该网络能正确区分不同性别的手部气味。 A recognition model has been developed based on Back Propagation Artificial Network and its net parame- ters were optimized. Hand odors were sampled, concentrated and then analyzed with Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer, resulting in hand odor profiles whose feature variables (47 organic compounds) were extracted and reduced by means of stepwise discriminant analysis. In sequence, a BP network, in which the structure was 47 × 10 × 1, the transfer functions for hidden layer and output layer tansig and logsig, respectively, and the training function trainrp, was pro- posed. The experiment demonstrated that the network was able to specify whether an odor sample had been from man hand or woman hand.