Backpacker Tourists Research Articles

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BACKPACKER TERHADAP MOBILE APPLICATION EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN

Labuan Bajo as a super priority, world class and super premium destination, has tourism differentiation compared to other tourist destinations, so that it attracts foreign tourists to visit. However, for backpacker tourists, seeking integrated information related to traveling to Labuan Bajo is one of the obstacles in the pre-trip process. Backpackers have to compare the cheapest prices from one application to another, so they experience difficulties in organizing trips manually. This resulted in the pre-trip process being inefficient and ineffective. Based on this description, this study aims to identify the need for backpacker travel guides to facilitate the pre-trip process effectively and efficiently. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach through distributing questionnaires, in-depth interviews, comparative studies, and literature studies. The results of filling out the questionnaire by the respondents were then analyzed using a quantitative approach. The results of the analysis state that Indonesia has many popular travel applications, but none yet accommodate backpacker problems, so a special backpacker travel application is needed to make the travel process efficient and effective.Keywords: mobile travel application, backpacker, Labuan Bajo, organise effective and efficient travel

Tourism satisfaction index (TSI) on traffic and non-traffic function in Kandy, Sri Lanka

The tourism industry gives a significant contribution to the growth of the economy in Sri Lanka. Kandy is one of the historical cities in Sri Lanka where most tourists attract. Thereby, the objective is to predict an individual’s perception of tourist satisfaction to improve satisfactory level based on an individual’s opinion on (1) Traffic-related factors (accessibility/mobility and safety); and (2) non-Traffic related factors (attraction, geniality, utility/ancillary, and activities). A survey was conducted to collect satisfactory levels of backpacker tourists, who visited Kandy, under the aforementioned factors along with their overall sentiment, and 530 samples were gathered. In this research, a reliability analysis is conducted to investigate the solidity of the chosen sub factors. The Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) is used to develop two functions to measure the satisfactory levels, and a p-value is computed for each sub factor. Based on the p-value and a predefined threshold value, geniality is detached from the non-traffic function. The empirical outcomes confirm that it is important to take action to improve accessibility and safety for traffic factors and activity and utility for non-traffic factors because 10% increment of those sub factors will increase the traffic and non-traffic factors to 72.3% and 10.9% respectively. The proposed model provides a strong infrastructure to uplift the tourism resemblance in Kandy.

The role of the Lodging Manager in Overcoming HIV / AIDS Transmission in the Backpacker Tourism Area of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

Background: Backpacker tourists are dominated by young people who have a high adventurous spirit and are happy with freedom. This makes backpacker tourists both local and foreign at risk to engage in risky sexual behavior. In adolescents and young adults, risky sexual behavior that occurs during holidays is also accompanied by an increase in alcohol consumption, that brings more complex health impacts. Lodging has a strong role in preventing risky behavior by backpacker tourists. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the role of lodging managers in preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS in backpacker areas. Materials & Methods: In this qualitative research with a case-study approach, the participants were 20 informants who were selected by a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed by content analysis. Results: The role carried out by the lodging manager to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission was identified as to refuse teenage guests who are sexually opposite couples rent a single room and not selling alcohol and condoms. Lodging also did not provide Female Sex Workers (FSW) services and rejected FSW requests from guests. Conclusion: This study identified the role of lodging manager in backpacker tourism area that was considered appropriate to reduce the risk of sexual behavior that can result in HIV/AIDS transmission.

Bali to Ban Backpacker entering The Island. Tourism Minister: It Was Just Misunderstanding!

Backpackers are one of the sub-groups detached from mass tourism and seek to achieve a complete tourism experience.1 The decline in transportation costs and the growth of communication media via the internet has made backpacking trips continue to increase. Although the trend of backpacker tourism has increased over the years, their image apparently influenced the Indonesian Government’s decision, especially when Bali was preparing for tourism opening. During his visit to Bali on Friday, September 10, 2021, Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan mentioned that the authorities would selectively screen foreign tourists who wish to visit Bali, and no backpacker would be allowed. Albeit Jodi Mahardi had clarified Luhut Binsar pandjaitan’s statement on September 14, 2021, then reaffirmed many times by the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economic and the Vice Governor of Bali, several foreign media still quoted Luhut’s initial statement. The uproar of Prohibiting Backpacker Tourists sounded around the globe and received backlash from expatriates and tourism actors in Bali. Backpacker tourists received a relatively negative image by some economic and tourism actors, but it does not mean that backpacker tourists do not contribute to a region’s economy. Some studies suggested that backpacker tourists contribute to small business development and promote tourism destinations to the world.

Portrait of International Backpacker Tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bali

The world pandemic due to COVID -19 has destroyed almost all aspects of human life in the world, including the tourism sector. However, the existence of backpacker tourists is unique, because they can still contribute to local communities in Kuta Bali. This study aims to determine the impact of COVID -19 on the level of backpacker tourist visits in Bali and see the benefits generated by backpacker tourists during the pandemic. The entire research and writing process was designed using a qualitative method with a case study approach through in-depth interviews with several random tourists. The results of this study indicate that the pandemic due to COVID -19 has had an impact on the decline in the number of backpacker tourists in Bali. However, they can still contribute to the local community's economy during a pandemic.

Impact of Backpacker Tourists on the Social, Economic and Environmental Aspects in Ubud, Bali, Indonesia

This research bases on the lack of government attention and the lack of studies related to backpacker tourists in Bali. Their presence is not taken into account in the development of tourism in Bali. It is because there are still stereotypical thoughts about backpacker tourists, namely tourists whose purchasing power is deficient, not environmentally friendly, drunkenness, free sex, lack of respect for local culture, etc. Backpacker tourists classify as more individualistic tourists, non-institutionalized tourist groups, having specific travel patterns that are different from the travel patterns of mass tourists (institutionalized tourists). As with tourists who visit Bali, backpacker tourists also need services and services such as transportation, eating and drinking, accommodation, entertainment, and unique tourism attractions. Its existence also has an economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact in the areas it visits. The limited research on the presence of backpacker tourists in Bali makes this research important. This study aims to examine the effects of backpacker tourists in the Ubud Tourism Area. Backpacker tourists in the Ubud tourism area impact the economy, socio-culture, and the environment. The economic sector's impact includes the growth and development of local culinary businesses, tourism businesses in the field of cheap accommodation, the development of natural tourism businesses such as rafting, tracking, and cycling, which provide opportunities for business and work to reduce the flow of urbanization. In the socio-cultural sector, the impact includes developing cultural preservation efforts through creativity in dance, painting, and sculpture for tourist consumption. The arrival of tourists in the Ubud tourism area also contributed to the worsening of congestion due to optimal parking lots' unavailability. Backpacker tourists who tend to stay at budget hotels are directly more environmentally friendly because they don't use hot water, bath up, and air conditioning than conventional tourists—the latter stay in star-rated hotels with all the luxury of their facilities.

Pengaruh bauran promosi terhadap keputusan wisatawan backpacker dalam memilih budget hotel di kabupaten badung


 Abstract 
 The research motivated by the increasing of accommodation growth in Badung Regency and backpacker trend tourism development that increase with economic accommodation needed. Backpacker is a person or group of people who trave for a relatively long time, with minimal budget, use motorbike as transportation and arrange itinerary independently.The variables used are advertising, personal selling, selling promotion and public relation and publicity. The data obtained through observation, questionnaire, literature study and documentation. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with total of respondent are 170 of backpacker tourists. Data analysis in this research using multiple linear regression to find impact of independent variable to dependent variable by partially and simultaneously. The test gave result simultaneously X’s variable got 15,460 Fcount with Ftabel 2,659. Therefore, partially with result tcount of advertising (X1) 3,080, personal selling (X2) 1,031, sales promotion (X3) 3,149, public relation and publicity (X4) 3,012 with ttabel 1,974 and determination coefficients is 27,3%. Conclusion of the research there are three variable have significantly, advertising (X1), sales promotion (X3), and public relation and publicity (X4) impacts of buying decision of backpacker about budget hotel. Therefore one variable is personal selling (X2) doesn’t give significantly impact. Also there are simultaneously impacts of promotional mix (X) variable to the buying decision of backpacker about budget hotel (Y). While, the dominant variable that impacts buying decision of backpacker about budget hotel in Badung Regency is advertising.
 Keywords: Backpacker, Budget Hotel, Promotional Mix, Accommodation

Bed Bunk Accommodation; Convergence of Online Promotion Media with Balinese Traditional Houses in Canggu Village, Bali

Bali is one of the most popular tourism destinations in the world with various forms of accommodation. Start from five star hotels until small lodgings built in each community residential unit. The strong custom and restrictions on tall buildings in Bali, making people look for various new alternatives to develop accommodation. The existence of local regulations that require the use of traditional Balinese ornamentation, requires accommodation owners to find adaptive accommodation development methods. However, with the development of the digital industry 4.0 specifically in contact with online advertising, there are no official rules in Bali that regulate it. This condition makes the demand for cheap accommodation in Bali seem unlimited. The promotion system no longer requires government legality. This phenomenon makes accommodations in remote places even can be accessed easily by all people in the world. The community then competes with each other to build cheap accommodations in their traditional homes. The government also cannot touch the spatial development caused by online media demand, due to the absence of regulations that limit it. This research tries to identify the bed bunk phenomenon that is built and operationalized through online promotion media, and has no legality. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object of study in Canggu village, district of North Kuta, Badung Regency, Bali Province. The findings of this study indicate that, bed bunk was born in Bali due to the high demand for backpacker tourists which is sufficient with wifi, table and bed facilities. The high cost of land in Bali encourages local people to build accommodations in their residential units. The maximum utilization of the interior (construction of 6-8 beds in one room) is the most preferred choice. This condition is due to vertical building restrictions that cannot exceed 15m and economic factors (get maximum income on narrow land). This finding is expected to be used as an evaluation material for spatial improvement in Bali which has an impact on congestion throughout the tourist area due to uncontrolled accommodation development.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN POLA PERJALANAN WISATAWAN BACKPACKER YANG MENGINAP DI CANGGU, BADUNG

Canggu is one of the the most visited areas by backpacker tourists viewed by the amount of hostel accommodations. This study aims to determine the characteristics and travel patterns of backpacker tourists who stay in Canggu. The sample of this research is backpacker tourists staying at Canggu, determining the sample using purposive and quota sampling on 132 respondents. Data obtained in several ways, such as: observation, questionnaires, literature study, and documentation. Quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive were used to analyse the data result. The results showed that backpacker tourists take an intra-destination travel pattern, which is to travel in Bali, the most visited tourist destination in Bali is Ubud with an average stay of 6 days, dominantly making an intra-destination travel pattern; Ubud-Uluwatu- Canggu, and Kuta as the first tourist destination visited in Bali. Inter-destination travel patterns, while travel between destinations in Indonesia, most backpacker tourists visit Gili Island with an average stay of 5 days, dominantly doing inter-destination travel patterns such as Gili Island-Bali, and Bali as a tourist destination first visited. Intra-regional patterns, as trips made in Southeast Asian countries, Thailand was most visited by backpacker tourists other than Indonesia, dominantly carried out intra-regional travel patterns like Thailand-Cambodia-Vietnam-Indonesia, and Indonesia as first destination visited. Inter-regional patterns, backpacker tourists also visit other countries other than Southeast Asia, and predominantly visit Australia with an average stay of 91 days, and do inter-regional travel patterns that is Australia- ASEAN, and the ASEAN region being the first destination visited.

Mobile Consumers in the Travel Service Industry: Focus on Korean Backpackers

This research paper explores a niche area of travel services industry of international trade in the experience economy – Korean backpackers’ overseas backpacking predisposition may contribute to the understanding and learning of their business activity. According to the most recent statistics, over 28.7 million Koreans which is more than half of the population traveled outside of Korea in 2018 (KTO 2019; MCST 2019). This study employs a grounded analysis approach and an interpretive alternative to deeply investigate the backpacking culture and trends of Korean backpackers based on their experiences abroad through data gathered by in-person interviews and diaries. The research has been conducted based on three distinct backpacker groups in different stages of travel with ethical considerations. First field study was conducted by interviewing the backpackers while they were visiting Europe between 2008 and 2010, the second study over the backpackers who finished their backpacking (post-trip) in 2009 post-trip, and the third study over the experienced backpackers between 2009 and 2017. Throughout the analysis of the examined data about how Korean backpackers sense, feel, think, act, and relate to the things they have experienced in places they have visited it becomes evident that experiential marketing would benefit backpackers and the hospitality industry that services these tourists. Viewing backpacker tourists in general and the niche sub-section of Korean backpackers specifically will aid the hospitality industry to work on building great customer experiences by enhancing the sustainable consumer mobile traveler market.

Empowering the traveler: an examination of the impact of user-generated content on travel planning

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the role of user-generated content (UGC) in travel planning, this study integrates Psychological Empowerment with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), to develop a model of UGC-enabled empowerment and its impact on intention to use UGC when making travel plans. Survey data from 268 backpacker tourists revealed that perceived empowerment and perceived usefulness are significant drivers of attitude and intention to use UGC for travel planning. The findings provide the travel industry with a better understanding of how travelers’ perceptions of and use of UGC is empowering them to take greater control of the travel planning process.

FAKTOR PENDORONG DAN PENARIK WISATAWAN BACKPACKER MANCANEGARA BERWISATA KE BALI

Trend backpackers is growing in various areas, including in Bali. Backpackers have been identified as having “a preference for budget accommodation, independently organized travel and emphasis on meeting other travellers, longer rather than brief holidays. The purpose of this research are to anlyses the push and pull factors that motivate the foreign backpacker tourists traveled to Bali. Sample on this research is 200 respondents of backpackers and using purposive sampling technique. Offline questionnaires are used for data collecting and the analysis technique is based on factor analysis. The results of research shows that the push factors backpackers traveled to Bali are (1) facilitation of social interaction, (2) self-identity, (3) relaxation, (4) prestige, (5) adventure (6) novelty. The push factor that dominantly is facilitation of social interaction. The pull factors are (1) cultural/historical, (2) affordable price, (3) variety seeking, (4) tourism facilities, (5) safety and clean, (6) environment. The pull factor that dominantly is Cultural / Historical.

KARAKTERISTIK WISATAWAN BACKPACKER DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PARIWISATA KUTA, BALI

The study investigates the characteristics of backpacker touristsin terms of socio demographic, socio-geographical, and sociopsychographicin Kuta, Bali. It also discusses the impacts of backpacker tourists to tourism development in terms of socioeconomic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects in the tourist destination of Kuta Bali. Combining the quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study used 272 respondents who represented the characteristics of foreign backpacker tourists, and respondents from the circle of businessmen, property managers, local communities and community leaders to determine the impacts of the presence of backpacker tourists to tourism industry in Kuta. The research findings shows that the characteristics of backpacker tourists are mostly young Europeans with professional jobs and have a high income. Backpacker tourists’ arrivals not only bring the positive social, economic and cultural impacts but also negative environmental impacts. Some local people felt annoyance of the presence of backpacker tourists.

Backpacking Through an Ontology of Becoming: A Never‐ending Cycle of Journeys

AbstractBy adopting an ontological stance of becoming, this study traces qualitatively the journeys of contemporary backpacker tourists using the theoretical construct of the ‘Hero's Journey’ as a conceptual vehicle. This process allows for the development of a cyclical model of experience that illustrates the backpacker's experience in three stages of departure, initiation and return. This approach reveals the role that former backpackers play through the sharing of knowledge and the invaluable support they offer to novice backpackers through a network of support that is available to contemporary backpackers who choose to follow established backpacking trails. This never ending cycle of journeys becomes instrumental into the shaping of what this paper see as the common, collective consciousness of the backpacking experience and the evolution of the backpacking experience market. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Shamanism, Tourism, and Secrecy: Revelation and Concealment in Siberut, Western Indonesia

ABSTRACTThis essay attempts to explain why international backpacker tourists in Indonesia are so interested in indigenous religion and especially in shamanism. It articulates the indigenous mode of analysis or reverse anthropology of the people whom the tourists visit: in this case, the Sakaliou clan on the island of Siberut, the largest of the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. According to Sakaliou, tourists seem to be looking for something they have lost, a kind of secret knowledge that is possessed by the shaman. Unlike other people, who keep their secrets in isolation, the shaman must skilfully reveal some of his secret knowledge as part of a public performance. It is this secret knowledge, indicated by the skilled revelation of skilled concealment, for which tourists seem to be searching among the members of the Sakaliou clan and their shamans.

VIOLENCE, BACKPACKERS, SECURITY AND CRITICAL REALISM

This article provides a critical realist perspective on the juncture between tourism and crime in a city in Far Northern Queensland, Australia. The results of empirical studies into alcohol-related assault and sexual assault are presented and a micro-level study of the responses of the public safety community to assaults involving backpacker tourists in Cairns is reported. Backpacker motivations and values, the hidden sensitivities of tourism stakeholders to the projection of negative destination images, and the turn to a crime prevention framework are found as enduring tendencies in the data. Retroduction is applied to derive underlying mechanisms that offer an explanation of the public safety network responses in Cairns to assaults involving backpacker tourists. The mechanisms are ‘un-reconciled tensions’, ‘acquiescence of transgression’, and ‘collusion of denial’. We summarize our realist explanations and consider their implications for other backpacker contexts.

Marketing Mix Affecting Accommodation Service Buying Decisions of Backpacker Tourist Traveling at Inner Rattanakosin Island in Bangkok, Thailand

This research is to study the buying behavior and the level of marketing mix (consisting of service product, price, promotion, place/channel of contact, process, people, and physical evidence) on the accommodation service buying decision of backpacker tourists. A direct interview survey of 417 randomly selected backpackers who visited the inner Rattanakosin Island in Bangkok, Thailand is used. The statistical method used includes frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. The results indicated that most backpackers are men, age 20-30 years old, work as the employees in private companies, bachelor degree, annual income is more than 10,000 to 50,000 US$ and come from Europe. Accommodation service buying behavior includes daily rental expense is more than 10 to 20 US$, spend a week or less, prefer to stay in the reasonable price guesthouse located nearby tourist site, make decision by themselves, make a reservation and get the information from website. The important levels of marketing mix ranking respectively are 1)service personnel factor in having a good manner with the friendly personality, 2)physical evidence factor in having a clean place, 3)accommodation product and service factor in being able to go to the tourist sites conveniently, 4)channel of contact factor in being able to contact through agency, 5)process factor in having a convenient reservation process, 6) marketing promotion in having been advised in travel guidebook column, and 7) price factor in being suitable to their budgets.

Backpacker tourism: sustainable and purposeful? Investigating the overlap between backpacker tourism and volunteer tourism motivations

Alternative tourism, particularly backpacker and volunteer tourism, has developed significantly in recent times. This rapid development has contributed to criticism of potential negative effects, notably of the environmental, cultural, economic and social impacts associated with backpacker tourism. Volunteer tourism, by contrast, has been seen in positive terms as more sustainable, combining altruistic motivations with the travel concept. This paper explores backpacker interest in volunteer tourism and identifies overlaps in motivations between the two forms of tourism; 249 self-administered questionnaires were collected from backpackers within backpacker hostels in central Melbourne, Australia. The findings of this study suggest that a motivational overlap exists between backpacker and volunteer tourists, indicating potential for the creation of volunteer tourism products catering specifically for the backpacker market. This may encourage more sustainable tourism experiences within the burgeoning backpacker market, thus addressing some of the negative criticism of the latter. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings for the marketing and development of volunteer tourism products for both the backpacker and volunteer tourism markets.

Backpacker Activities and Personal Values: An SEM approach

Backpackers have been distinguished by their demographics, motivations, behaviors, and activities. This transnational study proposes a valueactivity model that examines the causal relationship among personal values and travel activity participation for backpacker tourists. Backpackers’ values, using a modified Rokeach values scale, and activities were measured using a questionnaire that was administered through Facebook and Lonely Planet's Thorn Tree Forums. The structural equation model suggests that backpackers’ personal values can significantly influence the activities they participate in, and that the personal values of backpackers are hierarchical which in turn creates a hierarchical structure for the activities they participate in.

Backpacker tourism: concepts and profiles

1. Introduction: Conceptualising and Profiling Backpacker Tourism - Kevin Hannam (University of Sunderland, UK) and Irena Ateljevic (Wageningen University Landscape Centre, The Netherlands)CONCEPTUALISING BACKPACKER TOURISM 2. Suspending Reality: An exploration of enclaves and the backpacker Experience - Julie Wilson (University of the West of England, UK)and Greg Richards (Tourism Research and Marketing, Spain) 3. The Social Psychological Interface of Tourism and Independent Travel - Petri Hottola (University of Joensuu, Finland) 4. Sustainability Research and Backpacker Studies: Intersections and mutual insights - Phillip Pearce (James Cook University, Australia) 5. Are Backpackers Ethical Tourists? - Clare Speed (University of Strathclyde) and Annabel Hartnell (University of Strathclyde, UK) 6. The Lonely Planet Myth: Backpacker bible and travel survival kit - Peter Welk (Australia) 7. Challenging the Tourist-Other Dualism: Gender, backpackers and the embodiment of tourism research - Erica Wilson (Southern Cross University, Australia) and Irena Ateljevic (Wageningen University Landscape Centre, The Netherlands)PROFILING BACKPACKER TOURISM 8. Van tour and Doing a Contiki: Grand backpacker tours of Europe - Jude Wilson, David Fisher and Kevin Moore (Lincoln University, New Zealand) 9. Uncovering the International Backpackers to Malaysia - Lee Tze Ian and Ghazali Musa (University of Malaya, Malaysia) 10. Exploring the Motivations of Backpackers: The case of South Africa - Christine Niggel (Germany) and Angela Benson (University of Brighton, UK) 11. Study Backpackers: Australia's short-stay international student travellers - Jeff Jarvis and Victoria Peel (Monash University, Australia) 12. Women as Backpacker Tourists: A feminist analysis of destination choice and social identities from the UK - Linda Myers and Kevin Hannam (University of Sunderland, UK) 13. The Backpacking Journey of Israeli Women in Mid-Life - Darya Maoz (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) 14. Intra-Community Tensions in Backpacker Enclaves: Sydney's Bondi Beach - Julie Wilson (University of the West of England, UK), Greg Richards (Tourism Research and Marketing, Spain) and Ian MacDonnell (University of Technology, Australia ) 15. Perceptions of Backpacker Accommodation Facilities: A comparative study of Scotland and New Zealand - Jenny Cave (The University of Waikato, New Zealand), Maree Thyne (The Robert Gordon University, UK) and Chris Ryan (The University of Waikato, New Zealand) 16. Conclusion: Towards a Critical Agenda for Backpacker Tourism - Irena Ateljevic and Kevin Hannam