Background Of Tradition Research Articles

O umieraniu ciała i obumieraniu ducha. „Jak nie zabiłem swojego ojca i jak bardzo tego żałuję” Mateusza Pakuły

The study focuses on the problem of corporeality and spirituality in relation to Mateusz Pakuła’s prose debut How I Didn’t Kill My Father and How Much I Regret It. The author of the article presents the analysed work against the background of the contemporary funeral tradition and makes genre determinations in an attempt to show the specificity of Pakuła’s literary expression. He shows the drama of a father and a son presented in the funeral diary, pointing on the one hand to the dying of the body (father), and on the other to the deep spiritual crisis of both protagonists (father, son). In the case of the father, it concerns the inability to bear his own pain and a request for euthanasia, and in the case of the son, it is a drama of choice, i.e. accelerating the death of the father or passivity and accompanying his father in a painful and long dying.

Bruce P. Baugus, The Roots of Reformed Moral Theology: The Historical Background of an Ecclesial Tradition (Philipsburg, NJ: Reformation Heritage Books, 2022), pp. 360. $30.00

Bruce P. Baugus, The Roots of Reformed Moral Theology: The Historical Background of an Ecclesial Tradition (Philipsburg, NJ: Reformation Heritage Books, 2022), pp. 360. $30.00

The Crossing of styles in Azerbaijan poetry in the early 20th century against the background of tradition and innovation

The Crossing of styles in Azerbaijan poetry in the early 20th century against the background of tradition and innovation

Elvesztette-e méltóságát a koncentrációs táborok muzulmánja? Giorgio Agamben méltóságról, puszta életről és immanenciáról

In our analysis we focus on the Agambenian concept of human dignity against the background of the Kantian moral tradition. Our goal is to explore the connection between dignity and biopolitics in Agamben’s thinking through his concept of bare life as an absolute immanence, in the Deleuzian sense of indeterminacy, indiscernibility, undecidabilty. As for the philosophical context we draw attention to the Sartrean conception of lived experience in The Family Idiot, in addition to the well-known Foucauldian and Deleuzian roots of Agamben’s philosophy, and the early phenomenology of consciousness in The Transcendence of the Ego (with a focus on the impersonal transcendental field and the pre-reflexive consciousness).

The Context Of Ḥadīth Narration On Prophet Sulaymān Visiting Multiple Wives In A Single Night

The paper aims to shed light on the contextual background of prophetic tradition on “Prophet Sulaymān Visiting Multiple Wives in A Single Night” which has been given as an example of a contradiction between ḥadīth and logic. It tells the story of Prophet Sulaymān sleeping with an enormous number of wives in a single night. Being portrayed as carrying erotic message, the ḥadīth has also been deduced as an example of forgery committed by the ḥadīth scholars themselves. This study aims to clarify the problematic allegations, deduce a number of responses and compare the ideas from significant finding in Jewish and Christian sources. It suggests that such problematic ḥadīth implicitly implying a form of muʿjizāt and karāmah in such tradition. The study is conducted in qualitative manner based on library research technique. Relevant data material were collected from the nine canonical ḥadīth books, traditional commentaries (sharh), Biblical sources and related article and were analysed in a descriptive and analytical, and comparative manner. The finding shows that the ḥadīth fulfils the criteria of a rigorously authenticated ḥadīth given its inclusion in the canonical works of hadith and corroborated in other tradition and highly established in ḥadīth narrations. Hence, the claim of fabrication was categorically dismissed; the number of wives should be understood in general as indicating numerous wives while, ignoring the particular numbers. The study implicitly shows that the paragraph “single night” alluded to the narrative of muʿjizāt.

Dynamics Encounter of Tradition and Religion in the Wedding Parade (Baarak Bako) in Solok City West Sumatra

Islamic Sharia stipulates that marriages must be announced to the public. One method of the announcement is through walīmat al-‘urs, translated differently in different Muslim communities. In the city of Solok, West Sumatra, one of the forms of walīmat al-‘urs is the baarak bako tradition (a wedding parade around the village). Baarak bako's implementation frequently clashes with obligatory prayer times in Islam, causing many participants to leave the prayer. This research aims to examine the background of the baarak bako tradition, the reasons for deciding the time to perform baarak bako, and the effects of baarak bako on prayer services. Using a qualitative method, this article revealed that the origin of baarak bako was the desire of the bako (father's female family) to show their presence by enlivening anak pisang's (the children of a brother) wedding. According to the custom, the best time to announce a marriage is in the afternoon because people are already at home and have finished their activities outside the home; the implementation of baarak bako resulted in some participants failing to perform the obligatory prayers. The neglected prayers are carried out in jama' (merging two prayers). Others, on the other hand, leave the prayer without jama'. The people of Solok City are very rigorous about following customary rules. When religious law and customary law rules conflict, some people prefer customary rules over religious rules and vice versa. These findings show the dynamic relationship between religion and customs in the Minangkabau ethnic group, West Sumatra. These two norms can coexist and adapt to each other in practice.
 Keywords: Islamic law, prayers, marriage, tradition, baarak bako.

Beyond green chemistry: Radical environmental transformation through Sanfte Chemie (1985-1995).

Sanfte Chemie was a concept formulated in the 1980s in Germany by a group of environmentally conscious scholars. It emerged within a unique environment, marked by its radical critique of dominant forms of rationality, and against the rich background of German philosophical technocritical traditions. Its purpose was to profoundly reshape the practice of chemistry and the organization of the chemical industry along the lines of sustainability. In contrast to later concepts like green or sustainable chemistry, Sanfte Chemie went beyond setting new research directions; it critically reevaluated the entire epistemological foundation upon which the science of chemistry was built. Under the auspices of the German Green Party, the concept flourished in the 1980s before falling out of grace in the following decade. While largely deemed overly radical in its time and then subsequently forgotten, Sanfte Chemie not only anticipated some of the most promising trends in sustainability science today but also offered unique insights that may shed new light on the challenges of the ongoing environmental crisis.

Gordāfarid of Šāh-nāma, the woman, who revolutionized the naqqāli tradition

Šāh-nāma of Firdowsī and the naqqāli tradition are two distinctive traditions of Iran. Šāh-nāma, an epic that tells the story of pre-Islamic Iran, focuses on a heroic narrative. The naqqāli’s distinctive feature, against the background of other oral traditions, is the combination of heroic and religious narrative in order to spread Shiism in a way that is interesting to the audience. Ferdowsī's work and the naqqāli tradition represent two periods in Iran’s history and its traditions and culture. These periods are separated by the Islamic invasion and the fall of the Sasanid dynasty. Despite some ideological differences, the Šāh-nāma was for a number of centuries one of the sources for naqqāli and from the early period of the Pahlavi dynasty became its main focus. The article briefly discusses the naqqāli tradition, Šāh-nāma of Firdowsī and the relationship between the two. It also introduces the figure of Gordāfarid, daughter of Gaždaham, who, being the heroine of the Persian national epic, became the inspiration for a revolutionary change in the naqqāli tradition – the first naqqāl woman.

Bakawugh Tradition In Nagari Sumpur Kudus Sijnjung District West Sumatera Province

This thesis entitled “Bakawugh Tradition in Nagari Sumpur Kudus Sijunjung west Sumatera Province” The purpose of this research is to regency describes the bakawugh tradision carried out by the community in Nagari Sumpur Kudus. The theory used in this thesis is symbolic interpretative theory by Clifford Geertz. The medhod used by the author is qualitativemethod, with data collection techniques namely observation, interview, and dokumentation. The results of the study show that the background of the bakawugh tradition comes from the idea of Syekh Ibrahim himself in 1520. In general, the meaning of the bakawugh tradition is thanksgiving, gathering and practicing the charakteristics of Syekh Ibrahim. Social, respect of mind, patience and struggle, togetherness, and hope. Furthermore there are meanings in the contents of jambaigh such as the meaning of peace, purity, freedom, simplicity and ease, unity, tenderness, kinship and closeness, closeness, brotherhood.

Umieranie i śmierć w polskojęzycznych drukach prawosławnych z kręgu Akademii Mohylańskiej

DYING AND DEATH IN POLISH LANGUAGE ORTHODOX PRINTED TEXTS AUTHORED BY THE MEMBERS OF KIYV-MOHYLA ACADEMY This article deals with the Polish lexis in the semantic field of DEATH and conceptualizations of death as represented in Orthodox hagiographies and miracula collections. The analysis includes the following three text collections: H. Denisowicz’s Parergon cudów świętych [Parergon of the Miracles of the Saints] (1638), A. Kalnofojski’s Teratourgēma lubo cuda... [Teratourgēma, that is Miracles...] (1638) and S. Kossow’s Paterikon abo zywoty… [Patericon, that is the lives...] (1635). The lexical field under analysis was further divided in to subcategories addressing e.g. the cause of death (zabić [kill], zamordować [murder], obwiesić się [hang oneself]), the killer (bratomorderca [fratricide]), or the relationship between the killer and the victim (oycozaboystwo [patricide]). The article concentrates predominantly on conceptualizations of death, such as death as a road, farewell, crossing the borderline, salvation / condemnation, a dream. These are presented against the background of the Old Polish literary tradition.

The EB II ‘metallic ware’ from Tell el-Far‘ah North (West Bank): typology, technology and petrography of a ceramic industry of the central hill country

The present work reports the results of the typological, technological and archaeometric study undertaken on Early Bronze Age ceramic fragments from the site of Tell el-Far‘ah North (West Bank), which macroscopic analysis has recognized as representative of ‘metallic ware’. The fragments belong to a distinctive class of medium-sized carinated bowls dating to the south Levantine EB II/ESL 4. Petrographic (OM), mineralogical (XRPD) and chemical (SEM-EDS) analyses have yielded the identification of a ‘metallic ware’ industry, which used a low calcareous clay where quartz is dominant, along with feldspars, fragments of sedimentary and siliceous rocks, nodules of iron oxides, and was fired at a temperature in a range between 800–900 °C. Petrographic and mineralogical data have made it possible to discuss the nature of raw materials and to investigate aspects of the production technology. Finally, through a comparison with other ceramics from the site, the fragments have been examined against the background of the local pottery tradition. The metallic ware bowls from Tell el-Far‘ah North have proved to be representative of a distinctive specialized ceramic industry of the central hill country, linked to the so-called ‘Aphek family’ bowls.

Rozumienie czasu według J. Ratzingera w odniesieniu do poglądów św. Augustyna, G. Greshake i M. Heideggera

The subject of reflection in this article is the interdependence of the concept of time, which is not in contradiction with the idea of eternity, memory and the “dialogical” soul. The views of J. Ratzinger against the background of the ancient tradition represented by St. Augustin, whose reflection is the basis and starting point of Ratzinger’s concept of time, conceived anthropologically and spiritually. Then, their continuation is presented on the basis of the theological discussion with G. Greshake, in which he criticizes the theory of resurrection in death without the soul, containing the essence of the existence of the human person and its history. At the same time, Ratzinger regards Greshake’s effort to re-understand time as a step forward in understanding the hope of eternal life. A reference to contemporary philosophy presented on the example of Martin Heidegger, whose analyzes and, unfortunately, the closed notions of temporality and being that describe human existence, are included in the background of considerations on eternity. This shows that also on the basis of existential philosophy it is at least possible to be aware of the idea of eternity and God. The above analysis also indicates the need for a new study of the biblical and anthropological foundations of the issue of time – memory, soul and speaking about eternal life in their context.

Study of the spicy porridge tradition at the early Ramadhan in the Malay community

Indonesia is a diverse country with numerous tribes and cultures, and the local culture greatly influences society, particularly in religious practices. The relationship between culture, local traditions, and Islam is vital for acceptance and influence within communities, as seen in the example of the spicy porridge tradition among the Malay community during Ramadan in North Sumatra. Several ingredients are used in making spicy porridge, including vegetables, tubers, nuts, and other ingredients. This study aims to explain the background of the spicy porridge tradition and the meaning of the spicy porridge tradition for the Malay community. The method used in this study is qualitative-descriptive research. The purpose of using a qualitative method is to emphasize that spicy porridge is Malay food served during Ramadan. It is because it is complicated and takes a long time to make it. In addition, the Malay communities’ habit of serving spicy porridge is only during Ramadan. Meanwhile, the benefits of spicy porridge itself are to warm and nourish the body because it consists of ingredients such as spices and vegetables. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the essence and authenticity of the dish, emphasizing the value of community interaction in its preparation.

The Constellation of Agents: An Often Overlooked Aspect in the Comparison of Deuteronomy and Ancient Near Eastern Treaties

Ever since the pioneering studies of George Mendenhall, Klaus Baltzer, Dennis McCarthy, and Moshe Weinfeld, the structural analogies between Deuteronomy and ancient Near Eastern treaties have been a key issue in the scholarly study of the book. More recently, the hypothesis that Deuteronomy 13* and 28* could even represent a Hebrew rendering of the Neo-Assyrian Succession Treaties of Esarhaddon has prompted a yet intensified investigation of the matter. Yielding nuanced models to account for the traditio-historical pluriformity of features in Deuteronomy vis-à-vis the various strands of tradition found in late Hittite and Neo-Assyrian, as well as Aramaic comparative evidence, this latter discussion has arguably once again broadened the horizon. In any case, it only emphasizes that reading Deuteronomy against the background of the ancient Near Eastern treaty tradition more broadly provides an indispensable perspective when it comes to the literary genesis of Deuteronomy as we have it. What is more, it also opens a window on its interpretation. At the same time, however, it can also lead to certain misconceptions, for as much as major parts of Deuteronomy are modeled on a treaty, Deuteronomy is no treaty. The comparative perspective thus requires one to heed both commonalities and differences. This article focuses on one such difference, namely the constellation of agents. It is typical of ancient Near Eastern treaties that the contracting parties agree to delegate the task of safeguarding the treaty to a third party constituted by deities. It is these gods who figure as “witnesses” of the curses that the contracting parties call upon themselves if they should act contrary to the treaty, the term “witness” also denoting, according to the semantics of ancient Near Eastern treaty discourse, “agent of the sanctions.” Hence, the agreed upon sanctions are conceived of as coming into effect without the further involvement of the contracting parties. In fact, this particular feature is the operating principle which makes an ancient Near Eastern treaty work. In Deuteronomy, however, it does not apply. While intriguingly enough there are certain entities in the close context of the curse sections which are called “witnesses,” none of them can truly figure as a witness in the sense described above, for none of them is a deity; neither is there an attempt made to charge these “witnesses” with putting into effect the curse sanctions. Often overlooked, this aspect has significant ramifications for the understanding of the curses in Deuteronomy and the treaty style structure in general.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ КИТАЙСЬКОГО ОПЕРНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА

The article examines the historical development of Chinese opera art since ancient times in the conditions of its time. Modern trends as a genre, style and plot in the formation of Chinese opera are updated; which allows us to trace the appearance of new elements in various directions of musical and dramatic action. Chinese opera went through a long path of conceptual genre-stylistic formation, the variety of opera enriched with quantitative and qualitative indicators of new stylistics with the advantage of arias, solo and ensemble singing, new orchestral thinking testifies to a new crystallization of opera drama against the background of national traditions and new composer thinking. The study of these changes in the art of opera allows us to think about different directions of the genre-style concept of Chinese folk opera and musical theater in a new way. The fundamental scientific study of the historical formation of Chinese opera art, the importance of musical theater as an organic part of the reflection in the artistic form of the life and lifestyle of the people, the essential signs of national character and mentality in the works of luminaries of opera art are highlighted. The problem of the formation of modern Chinese opera in the context of assimilation of European experience is revealed, the influence of pro-European opera on the genre and stylistic features of modern Chinese opera art is revealed, which reflects the work of its artist in a new reinterpretation of folk music, allows to actualize the genre, style, plot with the transfer of the operatic action to the modern era, to provide appropriate metaphoricality, illusoryness, outrage and performance, going beyond the scope of the work with the sacramental feature of Chinese opera as an ethnocultural phenomenon.

Polygamy: Uncovering the effect of patriarchal ideology on gender-biased interpretation

Polygamy, which was practiced without limitations in the past, had been restricted to four wives after the arrival of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. However, some scholars have different views on this issue, supposedly influenced by the literal and cultural background of patriarchal tradition on treating women as the object of polygamy. This article attempts to examine the construction of patriarchal interpretation in a gender-biased interpretation, its factors and its implications. This study adopts a qualitative approach and employs a content analysis approach. Interviews with relevant scholars are also used to explore in-depth information regarding this subject. The object of research is based on a full set (30 juz/chapters) of 11 books of tafsir written in Indonesia. These books are Tafsir Al-Furqan, Tafsir Quran, Adz-Dzikra: Terjemah dan Tafsir al-Quran, Al-Quran dan Terjemahnya, Tafsir Quran Karim, Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir Rahmat, Tafsir al-Quran al-Majid an-Nur, Tafsir al-Mishbah, Al-Quran and its Exegesis of the Department of Religion, and Tafsir al-Hijri. This study found that women have been exploited through polygamy practices. Our findings show that biased gender interpretation, especially because of the patriarchal mindset, brought a greater impact on the Quranic interpretation. This study suggested that reinterpretation towards Quranic verses particularly dealing with gender issues needs to be strengthened in accordance with justice and humanistic values.Contribution: This article offered two approaches for the study of the Quran in order to establish gender equality and justice in marriage practice. Firstly, the adaptive and humanistic interpretations of the Quran need to be strengthened and should raise common consciousness in Muslim society. Secondly, there is a need to study the Quran in an integrative, holistic and hermeneutical understanding of the Quranic text. This method can explore the deepest meaning of the Quran so it can rise gender-sensitive, humanist and moderate interpretations.

Some Notes on the Text of Seneca’s Phoenician Women

Abstract This article aims to revise previous findings concerning selected passages of Seneca’s Phoenician Women (374-375; 610-613; 184-187; 314-315; 437-439; 631-632). In each of them, the unanimous reading of the MSS was replaced by conjectures which are now almost universally accepted by reputable editors and commentators. To justify these emendations, it was argued that the MS phrase did not make sense or was grammatically or stylistically incorrect; sometimes, the text was modified on the assumption that the author had imitated another poet when working on a particular line. In this paper, the passages are analysed in the light of Seneca’s other statements and against the broader background of ancient literary tradition. The results show that the conjectures are based on unconfirmed assumptions or flawed premises and thus should be rejected in favour of the MS reading.

MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP PERSATUAN MELALUI TRADISI LOPIS RAKSASA DI KOTA PEKALONGAN

This article has the following objectives: (1) the background of the giant lopis tradition, (2) when to implement the giant lopis tradition in the krapyak of Pekaongan City, (3) The attitude of unity through the giant lopis tradition in Pekalongan City. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, data collection was carried out by observation and regional archives through the official website of Pekalongan City. The results of this study indicate that the Lopis Giant "syawalan" tradition in Pekalongan City is still carried out from generation to generation and is carried out on the 8th of Shawwal. Krapyak residents carry out sunnah fasting which is highly recommended by KH. Abdullah Sirodj on the 2-7th of Shawwal which then on the 8th of Shawwal the Shawwalan tradition was carried out. This syawalan tradition also increases the sense of unity and mutual cooperation among the people of Krapyak itself and is a reflection that mutual cooperation and unity can strengthen and strengthen ties of kinship.

MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP PERSATUAN MELALUI TRADISI LOPIS RAKSASA DI KOTA PEKALONGAN

This article has the following objectives: (1) the background of the giant lopis tradition, (2) when to implement the giant lopis tradition in the krapyak of Pekaongan City, (3) The attitude of unity through the giant lopis tradition in Pekalongan City. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, data collection was carried out by observation and regional archives through the official website of Pekalongan City. The results of this study indicate that the Lopis Giant "syawalan" tradition in Pekalongan City is still carried out from generation to generation and is carried out on the 8th of Shawwal. Krapyak residents carry out sunnah fasting which is highly recommended by KH. Abdullah Sirodj on the 2-7th of Shawwal which then on the 8th of Shawwal the Shawwalan tradition was carried out. This syawalan tradition also increases the sense of unity and mutual cooperation among the people of Krapyak itself and is a reflection that mutual cooperation and unity can strengthen and strengthen ties of kinship.

Edward W. Blyden’s intellectual tradition: the place of ‘race’ and religion

ABSTRACT This article reflects on the place of religion and “race” in Edward W. Blyden’s thought and praxis. It is discussed and analysed against the background of an Africana intellectual tradition and aspects regarding sovereignty and resistance. On the one hand, it examines the views of Blyden concerning the place of “race” and religion in relation to recurrent elements within the Africana intellectual tradition. On the other, it explores Blyden’s thoughts on “race” and religion with regard to historical context and the influence of sovereignty and resistance. It explores how historical conditions shaped Blyden’s ideas relating to Black emancipation, and, specifically, how to interpret the multiple intellectual transformations during his life and how this changed his thinking. The framework used in this article is an interpretation of the Africana intellectual tradition, which consists of the recurrent elements of “race,” slavery, colonialism, humiliation, dignity and memory. It uses this analytical framework to examine some of Blyden’s more notable works. Examining the place of “race” and religion, intellectual traditionl and sovereignty and resistance helps us understand the emergence, development and underpinnings of Blyden’s thought, giving us more insight into his ideas and the ideas of thinkers who followed in his footsteps.