Back Care Program Research Articles

Effects of an educational back care program on Brazilian schoolchildren's knowledge regarding back pain prevention

Children are often exposed to ergonomic risk factors at school. Thus, the school is a potential environment for developing musculoskeletal disorders and implementing back care programs. To evaluate the effect of an educational program on schoolchildren's knowledge regarding back pain prevention. 392 students from 4th to 8th grade from a Brazilian state school took part in the study; 114 students (30%) were evaluated at follow-up. The back care program included pre- and post-intervention assessments and a follow-up assessment, as well as theoretical and practical lessons. The time interval between the pre- and post-intervention assessments was 9 weeks, and between the post-intervention and follow-up assessments, it was 2 years. Statistical analysis included non-parametric ANOVA tests. Significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). There was a significant increase (p<0.001) between pre- (3.6±2.9) and postintervention (7.5±2.2) scores and a significant decrease in the follow-up score (5.1±2.5). However, the follow-up score was still significantly higher (p<0.001) than the pre-intervention score. The rate of correct answers in the post-intervention assessment increased for all questions, and some of them were still high at follow-up. Significant differences were identified for the comparison between grades, with the 8th grade being significantly different from the other grades. The back care program showed an increase in the level of knowledge of Brazilian schoolchildren. Two years after the intervention, students still retained ergonomic concepts. Although the program has limitations, theoretical knowledge acquisition is the first step towards adopting healthy postural habits to prevent back pain.

399 EFFICACY OF BACK CARE PROGRAM IN CHRONIC BACK PAIN DURING PREGNANCY

European Journal of PainVolume 10, Issue S1 p. S106c-S106 399 EFFICACY OF BACK CARE PROGRAM IN CHRONIC BACK PAIN DURING PREGNANCY E. Ghayem Hasankhani, E. Ghayem Hasankhani Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorM.T. Peivandy, M.T. Peivandy Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorM. Safdari, M. Safdari Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this author E. Ghayem Hasankhani, E. Ghayem Hasankhani Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorM.T. Peivandy, M.T. Peivandy Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorM. Safdari, M. Safdari Mashad University of Medical Sciences/Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Mashad, Khorasan, IranSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3801(06)60402-3Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, IssueS1September 2006Pages S106c-S106 RelatedInformation

Back education in elementary schoolchildren: the effects of adding a physical activity promotion program to a back care program

Promoting a physically active lifestyle whilst optimizing the spinal load at a young age seems to be advocated within the scope of early back pain prevention efforts. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of combining a back care program with a physical activity promotion program in elementary schoolchildren. In a pre-post design over two school years, back care knowledge, back care behavior, fear avoidance beliefs and back pain reports were evaluated in children classified into three categories--those who received a back care and a physical activity promotion program (n=190), those who received only a back care program (n=193) and those in a control group (n=172) (mean age at baseline: 9.7 years+/-0.7). Physical activity levels were evaluated in a sub-sample of 26 pupils in each group. The back care program and the physical activity promotion program were both comprehensive ones. In both intervention groups, the scores for back care related knowledge and back care behavior were significantly higher than the control group. The increase in the sum score for back care behavior was significantly higher in the back care group than in the back care plus physical activity promotion group. Significant interaction effects showed an increase in fear-avoidance beliefs between pre- and post-tests in the control group, significantly different from the better scores in both intervention groups. Interaction effects were not significant for pain reports. In the back care plus physical activity promotion group, the daily moderate to vigorous physical activity levels decreased by 8 min per day while a decrease by 31 min per day was found in the back care group and a decrease by 36 min per day in the control group. However, group differences were not significant. The present study findings favor the addition of a physical activity promotion program to a back care program in elementary schools within the scope of early back pain prevention efforts. However, the findings also emphasize the disadvantages of implementing both programs simultaneously in a school curriculum that is already full.

Preaching to the converted: Über- und Unterversorgung in der Schmerzprävention am Beispiel bundesdeutscher Rückenschulen

In response to the growing incidence of back pain, increasing emphasis is being placed on individualized preventive measures. The purpose of the present study was to investigate representative data for back pain, participation rates of back care programs, and their correlates in the German general population. The first National Health Survey was carried out in the Federal Republic of Germany in the period from October 1997 to March 1999. It comprised a representative, cross-sectional study of the population with a total sample of 6235 participants between the ages of 18 and 79. The 7-day prevalence for back pain in Germany was found to be 36%, and 7% of all Germans had participated in a back care program within the past year. The 1-year participation rate was significantly lower in persons with higher risk for back pain (men, full-time workers, unmarried people, and those with an unhealthy lifestyle). The user profile for back care programs indicates that genuine needs are not being met and the target group is not being reached. A "preaching to the converted" phenomenon is evident, as indicated by the fact that the user group is made up of individuals who already have a healthy lifestyle and few risks while the population group most likely to develop back pain is significantly less likely to participate in preventive back care programs.

Nutzerstruktur und Korrelate der Teilnahme an Rückenschulen: eine repräsentative Studie an der bundesdeutschen erwerbstätigen Bevölkerung

To investigate nationwide participation rates in back care programmes of the German working population. From a national health survey conducted in Germany between October 1997 to March 1999 (n = 3313 employees aged 18 to 69), we investigated how participation in back care programmes correlates with sociodemographic characteristics, occupation, lifestyle and health factors. Approximately one out of six (17.5%) employee has ever attended a back care class. 7.2% took part in this kind of health promotion programme during the past year. After adjusting for various symptom prevalences, the survey revealed that males, full-time employees, singles and people with an unfavourable lifestyle were less likely to attend such programmes. This paper is the first to provide representative data on uptake of back care classes and investigate the correlates of participation in back care programs in Germany. The study indicates that people with the highest risk for low back pain are the least likely to take back care classes.

Back care programs for health promotion—representative user profiles and correlates of participation in Germany

Background. In response to the growing incidence of back pain, there is an increasing emphasis on individualized preventive measures such as back care programs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate representative participation rates and their correlates in the German general population. Methods. The first National Health Survey was carried out in the Federal Republic of Germany from the period of October 1997 to March 1999. It comprised a representative, cross-sectional study of the population with a total sample of 6,159 participants between the ages of 18 and 79. Results. Approximately one in six Germans (16%) has ever participated in a back care program. For 6% of the total, participation took place within the past year. After making adjustments for subjective back pain in the multiple analyses, the 1-year participation rate was significantly lower in men, full-time-workers, one-member households, and those with an unhealthy lifestyle (physically inactive subjects with an unhealthy diet and poorly developed preventive behavior patterns). Conclusions. The user profile for back care programs on a nationwide scale indicates that genuine needs are not being met and the target group is not being reached. A “preaching to the converted” phenomenon is evident, as indicated by the fact that the user group is made up of individuals who already have a healthy lifestyle and few risks, while the population group most likely to develop back pain is significantly less likely to participate in preventive back care programs.

Back Care Instructions in Physical Therapy: A Trend Analysis of Individualized Back Care Programs

The treatment of people with low back pain often includes giving a variety of instructions about back care. The objective of our study was to explore the content and sequence of these instructions. Our database contained information on 1,151 therapy sessions for 132 patients who were treated by 21 therapists. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to establish trends in instructions during the course of treatment. Instructions were measured by means of a registration form. Pain management instructions were given at the start of treatment and then decreased in later sessions. Instructions about taking care of the back in daily activities followed the same course. Exercise instructions were introduced after the start of treatment and were spread evenly across the visits. The number of recommendations about general fitness decreased during treatment. The majority of back care instructions were spread evenly across therapy visits. Relatively little variation in instructions among patients was seen, which may indicate a lack of individualization of the back care programs.

Benefits of a back care and light duty health promotion program in a hospital setting.

Back injuries are a common and expensive problem in industry in terms of both direct and indirect costs. A dramatic increase in the costs of workers' compensation for work-related back injuries occurred from 1981-1985 in a hospital setting. During this five-year period, costs of back injuries rose from $36,384 to $272,751, a 750% increase, and the incidence per thousand employees rose from 21 in 1981 to 33 in 1985. A back care education program was instituted by the Physical Therapy Department and Employee Health Service for all departments within the hospital, with content tailored to individual job requirements. Because employees who have had one back injury are at risk for reinjury, an "at risk" program was also developed. For those injured employees without time off work and without need for medical care, a private session with a physical therapist is required to assess musculoskeletal problems and to review posture and body mechanics directly related to specific job tasks. Those employees unable to work in their usual positions are assigned to temporary modified jobs as part of the Light Duty Program. In 1986, following the institution of these two programs in the hospital, the cost of back injuries dramatically decreased to $72,296, a $200,000 drop, and the incidence per thousand employees fell to fifteen. The efficacy of this health promotion intervention program was confirmed both in the cost benefit to the hospital as well as in reduction in incidence of low back injury.

Toward a more valid and reliable Health Locus of Control Scale.

The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale was administered in conjunction with a back care program offered to staff at a psychiatric hospital (N = 82). Validity and reliability of the alternate forms were examined, as was the addition of Forms A and B. The factor structure failed to replicate the original multidimensional construct; hence, suggestions are made to return to the earlier internal/external model and to add the alternate forms to increase reliability.

Treatment of lumbar disks with chymopapain.

Symptoms arising from a herniated disk appear when the nucleus pulposus or soft inner portion of the disk bulges against a nerve root. When conservative treatment fails to help the patient, the enzyme chymopapain is currently being used in the treatment of such conditions. Injected directly into the disk, the chymopapain dissolves the nucleus by enzymatic action which selectively breaks certain bonds within the nucleus. The pressure within the center is decreased, hence the pressure against the nerve root is relieved, alleviating the symptoms. Because back care is particularly important following such treatment, physical therapy is valuable in promoting continued relief. The major emphasis of the therapy back care program is on abdominal strengthening exercises and postural training.