Bacau County Research Articles

A New Research Approach Regarding the Storage of Different Gaseous Products Under Pressure in The Eligible Romanian Salt Caverns

The paper analyzes the technical and safety factors for the storage of different gaseous products (air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methan gas, etc.), in the eligible salt caverns from Romania, especially in the compact salt caverns created by dillution process. This new approach to research and project results, will be an important contribution to the evaluation of large-scale storage capacities in Romania and is necessary for decision-makers to consider these technologies as some of the most appropriate in terms of risks. Especially was studied the geological and lithological diagrams and colected data from the conserved salt mines in order to analyze the storage conditions. The paper analized the Slanic river area, a Trotus tributarry, where disollution method was well implemented, near Targu Ocna town, Bacau County, Romania. The mining area is located near a well-known industrial center for chemical processing, Borzesti Chemical Works, with a great interes in the gas storage facilities. The storage of different gases implies different technologies for gas compression and gas transportation, this beeing in the near future a new challenge for research for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Multi-Criteria Assessment of Taxi Transport Services for Public Procurement: Case Study for Bacau City

LCA methodology is often used in public procurement decision making. The European Commission introduced Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in 2014 to support this methodology. LCCs take into account costs incurred during a service, work or product’s lifetime. Application management techniques of LCC offer a better awareness of the factors that influence the resources and costs in the case of procurements. The identification of the factors that influence the costs is the main key of the LCC tool. In such a way, the life cycle management is focused on efficient purchasing. The awareness levels of the LCC criteria influence the cost and will also highlight other aspects of existing products that could benefit from the involvement of life cycle management. Taxi transport services (as an alternative to public transportation) are a sector of the economy with a good income when acquisitions are properly carried out. When the acquisitions are analyzed, governmental and local regularizations should be taken into account. Today, cities, as well as small towns, look forward to improving the quality of life of the citizens and reducing pollution. The acquisitions of buses/cars for public use must be carried out with respect to the required performance of the cars. On the one hand, the municipality should be in line with the European Commission’s policy; on the other hand, it should be in line with the state’s public procurement requirements. An acquisition must also be reasonable in terms of price, lifetime, environmental impact, circular economy and meeting citizens’ needs. The goal of this paper was to analyze the acquisition of cars for taxi services from the perspective of public procurements. The study was performed with the help of the Taxi LAL company from Bacau County. The LCC techniques were applied to identify the most “acceptable” as well as the most “profitable” choices for taxi services. For a better understanding of the problem, within the present paper the mechanism of cost assessment for a product modernization was exemplified.

Origin-Destination Traffic Survey—Case Study: Data Analyse for Bacau Municipality

In order to develop a transport model for the municipality of Bacau, it was necessary to collect data on the current mobility characteristics of people and goods. Traffic data were collected by means of using an origin-destination (O-D) survey. This survey was carried out in the form of a manual traffic census arranged in stations at six points on the entrance sectors of the national roads in the city of Bacau. At the level of the municipality of Bacau, data from a sample of 3040 drivers were used for the origin-destination surveys. The respondents answered 11 questions. The article presents the results obtained from the six control points for seven questions that were considered relevant. The data obtained were initially used to identify, from a percentage and quantitative point of view, the type of traffic specific to the municipality of Bacau. The analysis of the data shows that the majority of vehicles, 78.9%, originate from Bacau County and that 87.2% of those interviewed have Bacau County as their destination. Most vehicles passing through the checkpoints were within the time intervals 7:30–8:30, i.e., 15.55%, and 16:30–17:30, i.e., 16.18%. The highest proportion of registered vehicles were from Romania, 97.99%. Additionally, 40.75% of the respondents were travelling for business purposes, and approximately the same share was found for the number of people in the vehicle; i.e., single occupant vehicles comprised 58.35% of the total vehicles surveyed. Passenger cars accounted for 67.66% of the vehicles. By using the OriginLab software, the aim was to create parallel graphs for each control point in order to identify certain correlations between the data obtained from the questionnaire. At the end of the article, a hierarchical cluster statistical analysis was carried out by using OriginLab, which identified a series of correlations between the analysed parameters.

Hydroinformatics tools used to quantify the impact of urban expansion on water bodies, in the context of the intensification of extreme phenomena (Bacău urbanization case study)

The present study presents the results of the use of hydraulic and hydrological modeling in order to maintain the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the groundwater Capture Front Gherăeşti, Bacau County. With the help of specialized hydro-computer programs such as: Visual MODFLOW for groundwater dynamics, and Mike 11 for hydraulic modeling, the impact of urban development projects on surface and groundwater bodies can be simulated and anticipated. The results obtained are used in the Project to assess the impact of the project on water bodies (SEICA). SEICA contributes significantly to maintaining the quality of water bodies by making reasoned decisions that ensure the sustainability of urban development projects.

The role played by physical education on the psycho-motor potential of high-school students from the standpoint of the evaluation and assessment process

This paper aims to identify the role played by physical education on the psycho-motor potential of high-school students from the standpoint of the evaluation and assessment process. In this context, the research hypothesis starts from the assumption that the role played by physical education means on the psycho-motor potential of high-school students can be highlighted through the evaluation and assessment process. The experiment was conducted at the "G. J. Cancicov" Technological High-School of Parincea, Bacau County, over the course of the academic year 2020-2021, on a group of 25 students (12 males and 13 females). Seven psycho-motor tests were applied, taken from Scarlat (2003, p. 9), comprising psycho-motor markers for high-school students. At the end of the experiment, it can be said that the research hypothesis was validated, and the evaluation and assessment process can highlight the role played by physical education means on the psycho-motor potential of high-school students.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IN SOME COUNTIES FROM ROMANIA AND POLAND

In recent years, technology and innovation have also reached the field of waste. They provide an excellent opportunity to improve policies aimed at minimizing waste generation and achieving resource efficiency. However, the degree of introduction of innovative equipment and practices varies significantly from one territory to another. The comparative analysis carried out on within 5 years, showed noticeable changes in the counties in Romania and Poland initiated by the EU and national legislation which indicated an increase in the amount of waste recovered. However, the achieved efficiency of limiting the deposited waste was different at the level of exceeding 70 % and higher of 0.10 kg an average indicator of waste accumulation per capita in Bacau County. Two counties mainly difference composition of municipal waste with predominance of biodegradable waste (60 %) in Bacau County and glass waste (35 %) in Nowy Sącz County with raw material properties. Differences were also noticeable in the case of hygiene fees with exceed of average value 20 EUR in Nowy Sącz County. The gradual increase in the amount of recycled waste and covering all residents with hygiene services should be considered beneficial which indicates an improvement in environmental awareness.

The Chemical Properties of Soils from Forest Fields Occupied by Oil Drills in Moinesti, Romania

Forest fields temporary occupied by different industrial activities are restored to the silvicultural circuit after the industrial activity has ended. These fields should be apt for reforestation and should have admissible values regarding their content of dangerous substances. The present article describes and interprets the characteristics of soils from four fields occupied temporary by oil wells in Moine�ti, Bacau County. The content of clay, soluble salts and nutritive elements were analysed, together with the soil�s reaction, the content of hydrocarbons or other soil characteristics. The admissible values for installing, growing and developing forest species were then emphasized. The obtained results have illustrated the fact that the oil extraction activity had negative effects on soils, namely: a strong consolidation (especially on access roads); the truncation and/or derangement/mixture of horizons or soils stratums with the rock; depletion of nutritive substances; salinization, argilisation and pollution with oil residues. In order to render these fields back to the silvicultural circuit, bio remedy technologies must be applied or other measures that can eliminate the pollutant from the soil (decontamination methods), followed by pedoameliorative measures.

High Pollution with Heavy Metals NATURA 2000 Protected Area in Bacau County, Eastern Romania

Chemical pollution in rivers ecosystems is leading towards an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals in fish body, which might have a negative impact on humans. The fish were collected from a protected Natura 2000 area in the Moldavia region, eastern Romania named �Buhusi-Bacau-Beresti� Storage basin. The aim of this study was to measure the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and fish meat (muscles and gills), in order to assess the human health risk due to consumption. Industrial effluents discharged into the environment pose a serious threat for the agricultural products and living organisms. In view of this, level of some heavy metals, such as: Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu present in water, sediment and fish tissue samples of fish populations from the area studied were determined using wet digestion-based atomic adsorption method. This study revealed that the maximum Cd concentration (0.911 mg/Kg) was found in fish gills of specie European Perch � Perca fluviatilis and the minimum (0.0197 mg/Kg) was found in Zander - Sander lucioperca fish muscle sample. Zn levels in fish gills of the studied samples were ranged from 108.6698 mg/Kg to 195.4167 mg/Kg. Maximum Pb concentration in gills (1.924 mg/Kg) was found in fish sample of Zarte � Vimba Vimba, while the minimum concentration (0.45 mg/Kg) was found in European Perch � Perca fluviatilis. The heavy metal found in the samples analyzed in the largest quantity is Cu, in the gills of Northernpike - Esox Lucius fish.The concentration determined in samples exceeded the World Health Organisation maximum allowances. In order to assess the risk to which humans are exposed by eating infected meat with heavy metals, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were estimated.

Analysis of Chemical Properties of Forest Soils from Bacau County

State forests are analyzed periodically, once every 10 years. This includes an analysis of forest soils. The present paperdescribes and interprets the chemical properties of forest soils from Bacau County focusing on the period 1983-2015. As such, 823 soil profiles and 2435 pedogenetic horizons were analysed taking into consideration the soil type, pH, humus content, nitrogen content, base saturation degree and the total cation exchange capacity. The most widespread types of soils are: eutriccambisol, luvisol, preluvisoland dystriccambisol. The dystriccambisols from Bacau County are strongly acid soils, while eutriccambisols and preluvisols are moderately acid. All forest soils from this area have a high cationic exchange capacity and are very well (dystriccambisol, eutriccambisol,luvisol) or well supplied (preluvisol, rendzina) with nitrogen. Knowing the chemical properties of soils is important for the analysis of stand variability and for adopting silvicultural methods adequate for the management of long-lasting forests.

Assessment of anthropogenic activity impact on the oil-field exploitations near Moinesti city, Bacau County, Romania

Assessment of anthropogenic activity impact on the oil-field exploitations near Moinesti city, Bacau County, Romania

NATURAL REMEDIATION OF THE MAIN EFFLUENTS OF TROTU. RIVER AFFECTED BY HEAVY METALS POLLUTION

The hydrographic basin of Trotu. River is a region with an important impact for science because of the geographic variety and here are important constructions on watercourses that have an important ecological impact. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the natural remediation related to heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni) pollution of the main tributaries of the Trotu. River from Bacau County in 2010-2015. From the year 2010 to 2015 the presence of heavy metals was monitored from Trotus River and its main tributaries and for monitoring purposes the hydrologic basin was divided into nine sections: Trotus River, Asau River, Ciobanus River, Izvorul Alb River, Plopu creek, Slanic River, Tazlau River, Tazlaul Sarat River, Uz River. The data set from each year was collected and, following the internal procedure, an annual average for Cd, Ni, Pb, and Hg was calculated. There were some exceedances of acceptable concentrations of Cd and Pb during the monitoring period 2010-2012 as a result of the existence of pollution sources upstream sections of the study area. In 2012 it appears that the concentrations of heavy metals have started to decrease. In the next years, 2013 to 2015, in all monitoring sections, the concentrations of these metals were within the permissible limits or below the detection limit of the analysis device. Throughout the study periods, there were not exceeding concentration of Hg and Ni in any monitoring section. This decrease in heavy metal pollution is primarily due to basic management measures applied to these watercourses.

THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, BASIC STATISTICAL INDICATOR OF LABOUR MARKET EVOLUTION. COMPARATIVE STUDY BASED ON DATA FROM BACAU COUNTY AND THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOLDOVA

The comparative approach to the evolution of the number of employees at the end of the year is aimed at illustrating the situation of the existing labour market in Bacau County of Romania and the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova over a period of 6 years (2011-2016). The dynamic analysis, with the latest available data of the above mentioned indicator, refers not only to the situation of each territorial unit (Bacau County or the Central Region), but also to a comparative analysis of the situation recorded in each of the two countries, Romania and the Republic of Moldova. In order to identify the existing gaps, data on the number of employees are analysed by gender and forms of ownership. In order to quantify the situation in the two territorial units for statistics regarding the labour market, a rather small number of indicators were taken into account due to lack of their dissemination on the desired administrative-territorial units.

THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, BASIC STATISTICAL INDICATOR OF LABOUR MARKET EVOLUTION. COMPARATIVE STUDY BASED ON DATA FROM BACAU COUNTY AND THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOLDOVA

The comparative approach to the evolution of the number of employees at the end of the year is aimed at illustrating the situation of the existing labour market in Bacau County of Romania and the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova over a period of 6 years (2011-2016). The dynamic analysis, with the latest available data of the above mentioned indicator, refers not only to the situation of each territorial unit (Bacau County or the Central Region), but also to a comparative analysis of the situation recorded in each of the two countries, Romania and the Republic of Moldova. In order to identify the existing gaps, data on the number of employees are analysed by gender and forms of ownership. In order to quantify the situation in the two territorial units for statistics regarding the labour market, a rather small number of indicators were taken into account due to lack of their dissemination on the desired administrative-territorial units.

Two medium-sized deinotheres (Proboscidea: Mammalia) from the Miocene rocks of the Eastern Carpathians Foreland (Romania)

The paper summarizes the medium-sized deinothere records from Romania, improving the palaeontological data of two less-known specimens from the Eastern Carpathians Foreland. The area is famous primarily by the large deinothere of Gaicena and Mânzaţi assigned to the “ Deinotherium gigantissimum” . Later, several fossils of Deinotherium were documented, but they remained generally unknown, and the morphological and biometrical data were not engaged in the further deinothere comparisons. The most important specimen is a fragmentary right hemimandible with well-fossilized m1-m2, housed in the “Ion Borcea” Natural History Museum of Bacau. The p3-p4 and m3 preserved only the roots; even there are not obvious reworking signs. Furthermore, a tibia sin. fragment were firstly added. The fossil remains were unearthed from the Late Bessarabian rocks (MN 9) near Dragesti (Bacau County). The second specimen represents an isolated M2 sin. of Deinotherium giganteum stored at the Museum of Paleontology “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi. It was collected from a microconglomerate bed (Early Bessarabian, ?MN 7-8–MN9) cropping out in the Pietraria Hill Quarry (Deleni, Iasi County). The age of fossil-bearing layers was accurately documented by several mollusc assemblages.

Study on the Need to Update the Research Regarding the Biomotor Potential of Middle Schoolers

School conditions are greatly modified in relation to the ones experienced by the previous generations. Mandatory school period was extended up to 16 years old. This study started from the observation that many physical education teachers in Bacau county still use the 1976 created SUVA system to assess their pupils. This paper aims to highlight the need for a national study regarding the measurement of the current biomotor potential of the Romanian school population, a study that could reveal the true face of the motor and physical development of children today.This was an observational experiment without an independent variable, done by comparing the data gathered from measurements with the data from the professional literature, the ones provided by the MER as standards for the current physical education evaluation of pupils.The results of the research proved that the pupils from the Elena Cuza Middle School are behind the current standards, but this author's belief is that, in reality, the standards must be updated, in accordance to the pupils' diet and mentality.This study has a pronounced warning signal in regards to the way in which the Romanian middle school population is developing, from a psychomotor point of view.This study could be continued also with a sociological research that would emphasize the causes leading to a decrease in the biomotor potential, and it would identify the pathways to attract children toward exercise.

Types of Capital and Ethnic Identity

The main objective of our study is to establish the local specificity of the Catholic populations from the villages located in the central area of Moldova and the inter-ethnic relations. We conducted our research in the field in two communities from Bacau County and in two communities from Neamţ County. In our quantitative research we used the inventory of social representations of various forms of capital, based on a questionnaire which was applied to 466 proportionately distributed subjects from the 4 communities indicated above. Among other results, even though they perceive themselves as poor, the Romanians show the greatest respect for their traditions and have “monopoly” over the political capital and over the symbolic capital, respectively. How to cite: Fedor, C.-G., & Simalcsik, R. D. (2017). Types of Capital and Ethnic Identity. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty, Section: Social Sciences, VI (2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumenss.2017.0602.01

Study Regarding the Professional Sports Practice Possibilities of the Slanic Moldova Area, in Bacau County

This study highlights both the financial aspects necessary to support sports, and the biochemical aspects related to exercising in a controlled environment, under conditions of constant temperature and humidity, and saline air. The paper also proposes the construction of a sports training base in a part of the Târgu Ocna Salt Mine, which could have beneficial effects regarding both sports results and the revitalization of tourism in that area. The study has emphasized also the fact that there is an insufficient promotion of the so-called "sports tourism", which leads to an insufficient occupation of the accommodation spaces of the resort. There is a need for a database that would be made available to the sports clubs, for them to be able make the best choice to conduct their centralized training.

Analysis of the Hydroclimatic Risk Parameters at the High Level of the Tazlăul Sărat River in 2016 Year

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the hydrological risk parameters registered in June 2016 in the catchment area of the Tazlăul Sărat River. The studies and researches were carried out on the upper course of the river, in the area between Zemeş and Toderaş, the commune of Zemeş, Bacau county. The river basin of the Tazlăul Sărat River has been affected by several floods in recent years. The floods have morphologically modified the minor and the major river bed, which has influenced the stability of the county road and the river construction. The study focused on the analysis of precipitation and liquid flows over a period of 20 years. Processing of liquid flow data revealed more flood flows in the same year. In 2016 there was a flow of 342 m3/ s (probability of 3%). The effects of the floods have materialized through the excessive degradation of shore defence works until their total destruction. The degradation of shore defence works has contributed to breaking the county road and limiting the road traffic. Parameters of hydroclimatic risk highlighted by research impose special conditions when designing shore defence works and protecting the road adjacent to the river.

The Role of Diet and Lifestyle Habits in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Moldavian and Transylvanian Population

The role of diet is crucial in the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the current study was to describe dietary intake and assess health scores of children and adults by using a survey questionnaire on moldavian and transylvanian population, in order to evaluate whether it is necessary to introduce a prevention program for cardiovascular diseases in Romania. In 2015, a questionnaire was sent to 347 children and 583 adults in two counties in Romania where the climatic and topographic conditions are different. Participation rate in the children group was 56.48% moldavian / 43.51% transylvanian, respectively 39.62% moldavian / 60.37% transylvanian participants in the adult group. The questionnaire included a 44-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and questions on lifestyle for children and a 21- item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a health score for adults. Results were evaluated against the WHO recommendations of healthy diet. In Mures county the number of former smokers is significantly higher compared to Bacau county, and considerably more subjects report active smoking and exposure to passive smoking. The incidence of overweight and obesity was similar in the two counties, 68.14% in Bacau and 70.67% in Mures. More subjects from Bacau (94.35%) have regular exercise compared to those from Mures (85.38%), the difference is not quite significant. The majority of the subjects from Bacau county have a significantly healthier diet compared to those from Mures, consuming regularly eggs, meat and dairy products. Based on our data, only 16% of Romanian children reach the WHO recommendation for healthy nutrition regarding fruit and vegetable intake.Dietary habits of children and adults in Romania warrant improvements. Public health actions should be taken to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, decrease the consumption of saturated fats and sweets and also to increase the frequency of physical activity. These actions may be helpful in reducing the risks for overweight and cardiovascular diseases.

A STUDY ON THE DYNAMICS TO WIN THE NATIONAL CHAMPION TITLE IN ATHLETICS IN THE LAST CENTURY, IN A DISTINCT REGION IN ROMANIA

Reaching sports performance in a sports branch, discipline or event is dependent and conditioned also by the social context, the demographic situation of the area, region, the athlete’s country, age, gender or race, experience and the “migration of the sports population” etc. Previous research has shown that statistics can provide evidence in sport on the dynamics over a certain period of time, but statistics can also be a benchmark for future predictions. This paper aims to highlight various statistical analyses, for a period of 101 years, based on various criteria that have contributed more or less to the “record” of national titles in a distinct region of Romania, namely Bacau County. The research subjects are represented by 162 performance athletes registered according to the Romanian Athletics Federation regulations into four age categories (Junior II, Junior I, Youth and Senior) and into two gender categories (male, female). By comparing the results highlighted by the analysis of 712 titles, we can declare that the dynamics of sports performance over a century of athletics in Bacau can be clearly traced only by analyzing the data as a whole. The results, reported in detailed analyses of certain criteria, illustrate trends which do not allow us to generalize.