Baby's Foot Research Articles

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Management and Outcomes: The Experiences of Pediatric Tertiary Centers in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, describes a range of foot abnormalities usually present at birth (congenital) in which a baby's foot is twisted out of shape or position. In clubfoot, tendons are shorter than usual. Clubfoot is a fairly common birth defect and is usually an isolated problem for an otherwise healthy newborn. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of pediatric tertiary centers in Abha, Saudi Arabia, regarding the management, frequency, treatment options, and outcomes of CTEV. A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with clubfoot was conducted to evaluate the number of cases, treatment options, and outcomes at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital and Khamis Mushait Maternity and Children Hospital. Data were extracted independently using prestructured data extraction forms. The collected data included demographic and medical information, family history, clinico-epidemiological information, risk factors, management options, and complications of clubfoot. The study included 89 children with CTEV from the target hospitals. Their ages ranged from 20 days to six years, with a mean age of 10.5 ± 14.5 months. Of these, 57 (64%) were male. CTEV was unilateral in 53 (59.5%) cases and bilateral in 36 (40.5%) cases. The majority of the cases had isolated CTEV. Nearly all cases had Ponseti casting with a tendo-Achilles tenotomy (TAT) surgical procedure. Patient follow-up ranged from one week to three years, with an average follow-up of 3.1 months. Only three (3.4%)cases experienced recurrence of deformity after management. Ponseti casting with the tendo-Achilles tenotomy approach emerged as the most commonly employed management option, demonstrating a low rate of recurrence.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYMBOLIC MEANING ON TIJAK TANAH TRADITION IN MALAY SOCIETY

This study aims to describe the symbolic meanings that exist in the Tijak Tanah tradition and the procession of the Tijak Tanah tradition in the Malay community in Sungai Nanjung Village, Ketapang Regency. The data sources for this research are the elders in Sungai Nanjung Village, people who usually recite Al-Barzanji, traditional leaders, two communities who have carried out the Tijak Tanah tradition and village staff in Sungai Nanjung Village. Retechniques used for the data collection were interview, observation and documentation methods. The results of the research showed that in the Tijak Tanah tradition the symbols used had meanings such as the sugar cane house symbol which has a meaning as a substitute for baby's feet and hands, but has a meaning to attach illness, coconut water and scissors mean that children are not weak in spirit, 12 eggs mean the spirit of a baby paid for with money, beads mean a form of beauty, and scattered rice means gratitude. The procession for the Tijak Tanah tradition is divided into 3 processes, namely the initial, core and final processes. The initial process is to prepare everything needed for the event, The main process is the top event when the baby is cut into his hair so that his feet are planted on the ground. The final process is reading prayers and eating together.

Your Baby’s First Steps

Patient Education| 2021 Your Baby's First Steps Connected Content Translation: Los primeros pasos de su bebé: (Your Baby's First Steps) Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Your Baby's First Steps. Pediatric Patient Education 2021; 10.1542/peo_document231 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All AAP SitesAll PublicationsPediatric Patient Education Search Advanced Search Topics: cushions, foot, heel, interior design and furnishings, shoes, traction, walkers, child development The American Academy of Pediatrics has written this publication to help prepare you for your baby's first steps. A person's lifelong gait (walking pattern) begins with her first steps. Babies learn to walk by gripping the ground with their toes and using their heels for stability. This helps develop the muscles needed for walking and is easier to do without socks or shoes. Although your baby's feet will develop just as well without footwear, walking barefoot may not always be possible. Shoes should be worn to protect your baby's feet when cruising or walking outside, or on uneven, hot, or cold surfaces. Shoes, socks, and footed pajamas should have wiggle room and traction to prevent falling and allow proper foot development. Although no 2 children develop at the same rate, they should be able to do certain things... Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Pediatrics2009American Academy of Pediatrics You do not currently have access to this content.

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Baby Massage in Increasing Quality of Sleep and Infant Body Weight

Background: Sleep patterns and weight in infants are identified as one of the most important topics related to infant growth and development. Baby massage is a slow and gentle stroke move­ment throughout the baby's body starting from the baby's feet, stomach, chest, face, hands and back. Baby massage is a form of touch stimulation. Babies who are massaged experience an increase in vagus nerve tone (10th brain nerve) which will lead to increased levels of gastrin and insulin absorption enzymes. Thus the absorption of food will be better. Therefore, body weight and sleep quality increased more than those who were not massaged. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Schoolar and SpingerLink by selecting articles published in 2010-2020. The keywords used were (“baby massage” OR “infant massage”) AND (“sleep quality” OR “baby sleep quality”) AND (“weight gain” OR “baby weight gain”) AND “randomized controlled trial”. Inclusion criteria were full paper articles with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research methods, the relationship measure used was Mean SD, the intervention given was baby massage, research subjects were infants aged 0-3 years. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: A meta-analysis of 16 articles showed that baby massage improved sleep quality (SMD 0.70; 95% CI= -0.05 to 1.46; p=0.07). In addition, baby massage increased body weight (SMD 0.52; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.96; p=0.02). Conclusion: Baby Massage has an effect on improving the quality of sleep and baby's weight.

Identification of Baby's Feet Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Method Character Extraction with K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classification in Matlab Application

Biometric recognition systems or human identification are very important in security access for identification and verification systems. The biometric recognition system can be used as an identification system based on the characteristics possessed by the body part of each individual. The soles of the feet can be used for identification because the soles of the feet have certain and unique characteristics which include major lines, protrusions, small dots, single points, and textures. The introduction of biometrics in babies is still conventional, which is a standard operating procedure such as attaching bracelets on baby's feet and imprinting or inking on the soles of baby's feet which are affixed to paper and are very vulnerable to the risk of damage or loss of data, there is a need for a system that can store data automatically digital and able to do the baby identification process. The Principal Component Analysis method is used for the extraction process of the characteristics of the baby's feet. The classification uses the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method with the euclidean distance approach. Tests were carried using 120 images of baby feet, there are 20 classes, each class contains 3 images of the right foot and 3 images of the foot of the left foot, and a dataset of 280 training images. The highest accuracy result obtained in system testing is 91% with a computation time of 5.63 seconds using the Principal Component Analysis method with the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classification.Keywords: Footprint, Feature Extraction, Principal Component Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbor.

Comparison of Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor for Baby Foot Identification based on Image Geometric Characteristics

Biometric recognition of infant identification systems is critical in security access for identification and verification systems. However, until now, hospitals or health centres in Indonesia still use conventional biometric identification, such as stamping or inking on the soles of babies' feet affixed to paper and are very vulnerable to the risk of damage or loss of data. To resolve this problem, computer vision technology can accurately identify the baby's feet' soles with the final result in the form of digital data. This study compares the classification method of baby feet using the SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm with the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The baby's feet understudy image was taken using a cellphone camera with sample data of 3 months old babies. Comparing the SVM and KNN classification methods obtained high accuracy, precision and recall values, namely 98.80% accuracy, 89.51% precision and 88.00% recall. (for the SVM Gaussian kernel classification), with an accuracy of 99.08%, 92.65% precision and 90.75% recall (for the KNN Ecluidean Distance classification), it can be concluded that the KNN classification method using Euclidean distance is the best for applied in the baby palm identification system using the geometric image feature.

Bright lights and baby feet

Children's theatre has come a long way since it was first made popular in the 1970s, with inspiration for early years productions being taken from a number of genres. Donna Poynton explores the possibilities.

Quantifying the Ponseti method

The Ponseti method is the accepted treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Although the method of manipulating the baby feet is described in great detail, current study aimed to investigate the magnitude and course of the applied forces in order to optimise the treatment of clubfoot.An instrumented clubfoot model was constructed with force sensors on the location of the first metatarsal (FM) and the talar neck (TN) and treated with the Ponseti method by 17 practitioners.Applied forces on FM and TN were measured during manipulation (4.2N; 12N), during casting (3.2N; 3.5N) and after casting (2.9N; 2.2N). The forces during manipulation were significantly higher than during casting on TN (p<0.001) but not on FM (p=0.129). No ‘correct’ amount of force could be determined and inter-practitioner variability was measured to be 70%. The resulting pressure of the cast on the clubfoot model as measured directly after casting was significantly higher than local tissue perfusion.The results of this study suggest potential for the optimisation of the application of the Ponseti method.

WARNING: The Infant Heel-Stick Method of Pinching the Baby's Foot Back to Its Shin Must Stop-Immediately!

WARNING: The Infant Heel-Stick Method of Pinching the Baby's Foot Back to Its Shin Must Stop-Immediately!

Repeated pregnancy in a woman with uterine prolapse from a rural area in Nepal

Pelvic organ prolapse is common in rural women in Nepal. Pregnancy in a woman with pelvic organ prolapse is uncommon and rarely continues beyond the second trimester. If it proceeds after that, the uterus usually ascends with progression of pregnancy and becomes abdominal, leaving little trace of prolapse. Pregnancy continuing to term with uterine prolapse is very rare. The case reported here is of a pregnant woman from a remote district in Nepal who had nine pregnancies and at 38 weeks of pregnancy presented at the district hospital with severe uterine prolapse, a large cervical ulcer and the baby's foot protruding from the cervix. Air transport was the only means of reaching the nearest hospital with emergency obstetric care, 200km away. The baby was delivered stillborn at the airport by the auxiliary nurse-midwife who accompanied her. Her husband was counselled for and had a vasectomy. The woman was fitted with a ring pessary but could not afford to go to the nearest town for surgery for the prolapse. People in remote areas of Nepal often seek medical advice very late. This and the lack of education, low utilisation of family planning services, and lack of skilled birth attendance and safe delivery centres at local level contribute to high maternal morbidity and mortality.

Joffo: 'Un sac de billes' and Other Writings by Tony Simons (review)

MLRy 99.3, 2004 793 of fictional images of relations between women. This political stance dictates Cairns's primary attention to realist writing. Grounding her work in investigative research with readers of Lesbia magazine, and other French lesbians, Cairns argues for the importance of realist fiction to women's lives, their affectiveand erotic identifications, their social and political affiliations. While she debates the theorization of lesbian identity per se, through reference to Wittig, Kristeva, Irigaray, and others, Cairns remains largely pragmatic in her approach to writing and sexual identity. This vo? lume certainly makes an important critical intervention in the field, but it is, as Cairns suggests, firstand foremost intended as a reference book, an encyclopaedic tool. The main body of the book is made up of three chapters with discussions of fictional texts arranged in chronological order. The first of these chapters studies works written by women who are themselves not known to identify as lesbians. The second two, focusing on 'the insider' s take', look respectively at works by such authors as Mireille Best, Jocelyne Francois, and Helene de Monferrand who focus on lesbian relations extensively in their writing, and at works by other more marginal lesbianidentified writers, in whose works lesbianism has been a less dominant concern. This arrangement makes for an interesting trajectory for the reader. It is disheartening at firstto find how far writing of the 1960s and 1970s has perpetuated stereotypes of narcissism and psychosis, power play and betrayal in lesbian relations. The later chapters, and later volumes discussed, give way to more politically sensitive, romantic, and erotic representations of women's attention to one another. For a reader who has followed French lesbian writing of the period, there is nostalgia and pleasure in revisiting these novels, some more literary,some more popular; in her resourceful and judicious comments on the texts, Cairns makes a good reading companion. In many cases, too, she provides the firstengaged critical discussions of the texts in question, setting them in the context of their author's biography and more broadly within the history of France post-1968. Occasionally too tart?in her response to Ursula Tidd's fine work on the subject, for instance?Cairns emerges primarily as an authoritative critic with a deep commitment to mapping, and transforming, this field of study. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Emma Wilson Joffo: 'Un sac de billes' and Other Writings. By Tony Simons. (Glasgow Introduc? tory Guides to French Literature, 46) London: University of Glasgow French and German Publications. 2002. iv + 84pp. ?4. ISBN 0-85261-696-1. Tony Simons's introductory study focuses on two of Joseph Joffo'sautobiographical novels, Un sac de billes (1973) and Baby foot (1977). As with other studies in this student-friendly series, the aim is both to analyse the novels in relation to the social, historical, and political issues raised by their writing and reception and to provide a close reading ofthe novels as narrative constructs. In the case ofJoffo,Simons chooses mainly to explore the Occupation context of Un sac de billes and the Jewish identity of the autobiographical protagonist and its textual effects.The competing individual and group identities ofthe young Jewish protagonist are well analysed as Joand his brother Maurice are forced to traverse a country where their Jewishness must be masked and hidden. Reflections on the representation of closed spaces and the main protagonists' movement between such spaces provide stimulating readings of Un sac de billes as a politicized novel of rites ofpassage. In addition, Simons focuses on storytelling struc? tures in the novel and the relevance of key intertexts, such as the Odyssey and biblical narratives ofthe Jews and theirjourney from enslavement to liberation. Less success? ful is the study's joint reading of Un sac de billes and Baby foot. In comparison with Un sac de billes, Babyfoot emerges as a less accomplished text, trailing in the wake of its 794 Reviews well-known predecessor. Indeed, the paired reading of the texts functions mainly to illustrate the development ofthe autobiographical protagonist rather than to advance arguments over narrative form or social and political context. A corollary of this joint perspective is that less space is available to explore...

From "Der Verlorene (Lost)"

My brother squatted on a white blanket and laughed into the camera. That was during the war, my mother said, the last year of the war, home. Home was the East, and my mother had been born in the East. As my mother spoke the words at home she began to cry, as she so often did when the subject of my brother came up. His name was Arnold, like my father's. Arnold was a happy child, said my mother, looking the photograph. She didn't say any more, and I didn't say anything either, and looked Arnold squatting on a white blanket and being happy. I don't know what was making him happy, it was the war after all, and besides that he was in the East, and he was still happy. I envied him his happiness, I envied him the white blanket, and I envied him his place in the photo album, too. Arnold was right the front of the album, ahead even of my parents' wedding pictures and the portraits of the grandparents, while I was way the back. And Arnold's picture was quite big, while most of the photos I was in were small, not to say tiny. Snapshots taken by my parents with what they called a Box Brownie, and apparently this box thing could only make little tiny photos. You had to look the photos with me in them very carefully to recognize anything all. For example, one of these tiny snapshots was of a pool with several children in it, and one of them was me. All you could see of me was my head, because I didn't know how to swim then, and I was sitting in the water, which came up almost to my chin. And my head was partly hidden, by a child standing in the water in front of me, so that the minuscule photo with me in it only showed part of my head right above the surface of the water. And what's more there was a shadow on the visible part of my head which was probably made by the child standing in front of me, so that the only bit of me you could really see was my right eye. While my brother Arnold looked not just happy but important even when he was a baby, in most of the photos from my childhood I am either only partly visible or sometimes not really visible all. One of the times I was not really visible all was in the photo of my christening. My mother held a white cushion on her arm, with a white coverlet over it. Under the coverlet was me, which you could tell because it had been pushed aside the bottom of the cushion and the toes of a baby foot were peeking out. All subsequent photos taken of me in my childhood continued this tradition, one way or the other, except that in later photos the foot was replaced by a right arm, or half a profile, or an eye, as in the picture from the swimming pool. I would have accepted my truncated self in the family album, if my mother hadn't made a habit of reaching for the album to show me the pictures in it. Every time, the little tiny Box Brownie photos that showed me or rather various parts of me were leafed through hastily, while the photo of Arnold, which seemed lifesize to me, was the object of endless contemplation. As a result I usually sat next to my mother on the sofa looking as miserable as I felt, and staring cheerful and un-miserable Arnold, as my mother got more and more upset. I was still a small child when I became accustomed to my mother's tears, and I didn't spend any time wondering why Arnold's face made her cry so often. And the fact that although Arnold was my brother, I had never seen him in the flesh, didn't bother me in those first years, particularly because I was quite happy not having to share my room with him. At some point my mother explained what had happened to Arnold, inasmuch as she told me he had to death during their flight from the Russians. Starved, said my mother, starved in my arms.' Because she herself had been more or less starving during the long trek from the East to the West, and she had no milk to feed the baby, and nothing else besides. When I asked if nobody else had had milk for the baby either, she said nothing, nor did she answer all my other, more detailed questions about the flight and my brother starving. …

Congenital hypothyroidism screening: seasonal variations of TSH levels

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seasonal differences in newborn TSH levels. METHOD: A restrospective study was performed using normal blood TSH measurements collected in a neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism, during the extremes of temperature (summer/winter) in order to verify the seasonal influence on that exam. Blood samples were collected from baby feet on filter paper in health care public institutions in Rio de Janeiro city and TSH were analyzed by immunofluorimetric method. For this study we considered samples with TSH levels less then 20 micro U/ml. The factors age, birth weight and prematurity were all observed.RESULTS: We evaluated 388 measurements: 159 in the summer and 229 in the winter. Newborn and infants aged from 2 days to 3 months were included. The time of collection of the exam was significant in the measurement of TSH and the mean levels of TSH collected in the summer were somewhat higher than those collected in the winter (p = 0,0001), when analyzed by the t-test, even so when the age was taken into account. Using F-test (p=0,0234) we observed differences between TSH levels in age groups. TSH levels in the newborn with 2 to 7 days of age differ significantly from those of higher age. Birth weight and prematurity do not show interference with the TSH measurement.CONCLUSIONS: Newborn and infant TSH levels were significantly higher in the summer than in the winter.

Babinski's sign in medieval, Renaissance, and baroque art.

In 1896, Joseph François Babinski first described his well-known sign of dorsiflexion of the big toe on stimulating the sole of the foot. However, unknown to Babinski, several painters had previously demonstrated this phenomenon in their paintings. Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), a Florentine Renaissance painter, demonstrated this reflex in his Madonna and Child with Angels 400 years before the publication of Babinski's discovery. Botticelli used live infants as models for his paintings. Gentile da Fabriano (d 1427) in his Adoration of the Kings, demonstrates a similar response of toe extension in the infant Jesus when one of the Magi kisses the baby's foot. Similarly, Jacob Schick von Kempter, a 16th century German painter, in his Coronation of the Virgin demonstrates the extensor plantar response in the infant. Correggio (1492-1534), in northern Italy captured the extension and flare of the baby's toes in his Madonna and Child with Mary Magdalen. Raphael (1483-1520) presented the extensor plantar responses in the child when sole pressure is applied in Small Cowper Madonna. Leonardo da Vinci, with his nude model drawings (1503-1507) seemed to have been aware of this response. There is no indication that any of these artists fully understood the physiology behind the response; therefore, the value of this sign in neurologic disease must still rely on Babinski's demonstration several hundred years after its initial demonstration in artistic literature.

The importance of good foot care.

A babygrow that is too small can badly damage a baby's feet. This is just one of the important points school nurses and health care workers got across during National Foot Health Week, May 9-16.

A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE MORO REFLEX

The conflicting statements relative to the proper stimulus for eliciting the Moro reflex and the response to be expected have been discussed and a historical review of the varying points of view presented. The present study was done in three parts. In the first part, seven infants were studied by motion picture analysis at 0-4 days, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks of age. Four stimuli were used: (1) allowing the baby's head to drop back suddenly; (2) a pin prick to the baby's foot; (3) a loud noise; (4) slapping the examining table near the baby's head. The second and third stimuli were relatively ineffective at all ages tested. The first and fourth stimuli were equally effective throughout. The outward movements of the arms were dominant throughout but the secondary inward movements were prevalent in the neonatal period, but absent at 12 weeks of age. In the second part, 30 infants were studied by motion picture analysis, only in the neonatal period using four stimuli: (1) allowing the baby's head to drop back suddenly; (2) slapping the examining table near the head of the baby; (3) suddenly tilting downward a board to which the baby was fastened; (4) sudden jarring of the same board. A scoring scale for arm and hand movements was devised as well as a scale for the state of arousal of the infant just prior to testing. The first, second, and fourth stimuli were equally effective and all were superior to the sudden dropping of the board. It was concluded that the stimulation of the semicircular canals of the infants was not enough for a good Moro response when neck movement was prevented by the board. Neck movement seems to be essential for significant Moro response. The scores for hand response were somewhat related to those for arm responses. In the third part of this study, a detailed scoring technique for arm and hand movements and state of arousal of the baby was devised. Forty infants were studied in the neonatal period by direct observation. Interscorer agreement between five observers rating arm and hand movements was not good. This illustrates the difficulty of carefully observing and recording the Moro reflex response without the aid of motion pictures. The hand responses did not correlate strongly with the arm responses so that one could not rely on just hand observations. In both Parts II and III of this study, no correlation could be found between the state of arousal of the infant just prior to the administration of the stimulus and the degree of response.

A Table for Use in the Radiography of Infants' Chests

A simply constructed device which may be used to immobilize an infant in the upright position is shown in figures 1 and 2. It consists of an ordinary table with holes cut through the top so as to allow the baby's feet and legs to hang below. At right-angles to the top of this table, a vertical, wooden cassette holder is permanently mounted. The patient is placed with his legs through the holes and the body against the cassette, and immobilized the cloth and ratchet device as shown. The cassette holder is constructed so as to hold an 8 × 10 cassette on one side and a 10 × 12 cassette on the other. The leg holes on the 10 × 12 side are made correspondingly larger than those on the 8 × 10 side. The construction of this table is simple and inexpensive and may be easily duplicated from the photographs shown. For over a year its operation at this institution has proven entirely satisfactory.