ASTROLOGY SINCE ANTIQUITY A History of Western Astrology, ii: The Medieval and Modern Worlds. Nicholas Campion (Continuum, London, 2009). Pp. xx + 371. $29.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1-84725-224-1.Johannes Kepler - not known for philosophical timidity or fabulous wealth - famously described astrology as foolish whose wise mother, astronomy, would go hungry without her. 'The salaries of mathematicians are seldom and small, Kepler complained, mother would certainly starve if daughter did not earn anything. Yet Kepler's famous grumble features a telling twist. From rowdy foolishness that rang in his ears, Kepler regarded astrology as very source of astronomy. If no one had ever been foolish as hope learn future things from heavens in first place, he wrote, so would you, astronomer, never been clever as think that course of heavens should be made known for glory of God (GW, iv, 161.10-23).In this survey, Nicholas Campion reveals another layer criticism astrology suffered by seventeenth-century scholars such as Kepler. The real source of disapproval, Campion argues, derived from what were seen as the abuses of ordinary (p. 140), those middle and lower class astrologers who roused ire of their elite contemporaries. Consisting mainly of university-trained philosophers and theologians, high astrologers would by end of century be dramatically reduced in numbers. Although astrology has been largely excluded from educated discourse ever since, Campion argues that we should continue recognize cultural relevance of astrology even present.Campion opens this volume by discussing an earlier collapse of astrology in fifth century. He soon turns revival of Carolingian Europe, where we encounter a renewed appreciation of astrology as an intellectual discipline. Campion explores meaning of medieval astrology as a technology of power, arguing that rediscovery of ancient authors in thirteenth century, especially Aristotle, arrived on back of a demand for astrological texts (p. 44). The medieval mission reform astrology by removing Arabic 'superstitions' and returning Ptolemy, Campion tells us, recalls critical reception of Babylonian astrology by ancient Greece. This reception would launch a long dispute over difference between artificial and natural forms of divination that continues divide astrologers today. By eighteenth century, judicial astrology had become a common target for scholars who claimed that it had been submerged beneath a mass of ... bizarre and ridiculous connotations (p. 191). Campion notes that although these elements found a place in popular culture, their ridicule by religious and scientific authorities over last three centuries marks modern collapse of astrology, after which the world was essentially seen as material (p. 180).According Campion, leading authors of this campaign were the three famous continental astrologers, Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo, who reduced arsenal of ancient philosophy to notion of an underlying world order (p. 155). At once reformers and revolutionaries, these authors are regarded exclusively for their work in astrology, however, which leads us ask how Campion might relate their astrological efforts their many other areas of interest. The result is an incomplete impression of a critical turn in history of astrology, coupled with a vague scolding of those historians who have done their best ignore its forgotten riches. …