B2O3 Content Research Articles

Zinc boro-aluminosilicate glass for infrared and gamma sensing applications: Physical properties and gamma ray attenuation aspects

The demand for more materials for efficient shielding of radiation has been on the rise day by day due to some witnessed progress in applications of radiations in science and technology. In this research, we investigated the gamma ray shielding capacity of zinc boro-aluminosilicate (ZBASi) glass by varying concentrations of B2O3. Fundamentally, experimental and theoretical means were both adopted to evaluate photon shielding characteristics of the studied glasses. Additionally, amorphous nature and crystalline sizes of the glass sample were determined using XRD technique and Debye Scherrer equation respectively. The results show that as the B2O3 content increased from 55 to 70 wt %, the optical bandgap, and packing density decreased. However, the density, and molar volume were found to increase accordingly. Using Phy-x/PSD and genat4, the maximum values of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for ZBASi-4, ZBASi-3, ZBASi-2, and ZBASi-1 were found to be 20.2, 17.5, 16.3, and 9.6 cm2/g at 20 KeV, respectively. With respect to exposure rate, the exposure buildup factor (EBF) is low in the region where density is high, meaning that photon attenuation power is high in the region of low EFB (high density). The production of aluminosilicate glass poses fewer environmental risks than that of traditional lead-based shielding materials. It is therefore a more environmentally friendly option since harmful heavy metals are not involved.

Structure and dynamic viscosity of CaO–SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–B2O3 model slag systems

Correlation dependencies between the dynamic viscosity of slag and its structural parameters were studied to determine an optimal basicity of silicon smelting slag under the addition of boron oxide to eliminate slagging of the bottom of ore-smelting furnaces. Experimental studies were conducted on CaO–SiO2 and CaO– SiO2–B2O3 model slags obtained at 1600°С. Raman spectroscopic analysis was carried out using a Horiba JobinYvon HR800UV analyzer (France). Theoretical calculations of slag viscosity were performed using Urbain and Mills models. During the experiments, the key structural parameters of slag systems varied within the following limits: the experimental Raman spectrum deconvolution function from 1.41 to 2.45 and optical basicity from 0.58 to 0.68. The obtained experimental and theoretical data were related by mathematical dependencies. It was found that the dynamic viscosity of slag can be promptly determined by Raman spectroscopy on the basis of mathematical models. The dependence obtained shows that slag viscosity decreases upon an increase in the number of bridging oxygen atoms in the silicate anion structure. Notably, this decrease in slag viscosity is observed up to the value of the experimental Raman spectrum deconvolution function of ~1.55-1.60 or slag optical basicity of 0.60–0.62. When B2O3 is added, the viscosity undergoes a further decrease. In practice, for CaO–SiO2 slag systems, the use of boroncontaining flux as a liquefying agent is reasonable at CaO/SiO2 = 0.61–0.63 while maintaining the content of B2O3 in the slag at a level of 1%. The two models (classical and modified) proposed by Urbain were established to be more suitable for theoretical calculation of viscosity in CaO–SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–B2O3 systems. Mills’ model is not suitable for these purposes, since the correlation coefficients in the corresponding mathematical model are not sufficiently large. Further research in this direction is required in order to establish appropriate dependencies of slag viscosity on its structural parameters at different temperatures.

Structure and Properties of Aluminoborosilicate Glasses for OLED Display Substrate

The effects of Al2O3/SiO2 and B2O3/SiO2 substitution on the network structure and properties of high aluminium and low boron alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses used as OLED display glass substrate were investigated. A more polymerized network within 3 mol.% substitution for Al2O3/SiO2 was obtained, represented by the decreasing value of NBO/T from 0.14 to 0.08, as well as the opposite result for B2O3/SiO2 substitution. Q3 and Q4 units held the vast majority of Si groups, and the tetrahedral [AlO4] occupied the majority among Al groups, while [AlO5] and [AlO6] was too low or even too tiny to be detected obviously in the investigated glass system. [BO4] concentration decreased from 59.04% to 52.74% with the increase of B2O3 content, and [BO3] increased accordingly, which indicated that [BO4] was not the preferential borate group in this glass system even if (RO-Al2O3)/B2O3 > 1. Higher [BO3] at lower (RO-Al2O3)/B2O3 value (>1) indicated the low conversion efficiency from [BO3] to [BO4] in the investigated glasses. The glass network between the bulk sample and glass melt was also investigated, and some differences in Al groups could be concluded from the test of the glass melt. Finally, samples with satisfied properties for OLED display substrate were acquired.

Effects of B2O3 on the structural evolution and biological behavior of borate bioactive glasses by sol-gel and melting methods

Borate bioactive glasses (BGs) have become indispensable in biomedicine for their exceptional bioactivity and tunable degradation characteristics. This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of BGs within the xB2O3-CaO-Na2O-K2O-MgO-P2O5 system, featuring varying compositions of B2O3 (x = 40, 55, and 70 mol.%), using both sol-gel and melting techniques. A systematic investigation of their structural evolution, degradation kinetics, apatite-forming capabilities, and cytotoxicity has been conducted. The results demonstrate that the borate BGs with elevated B2O3 content significantly accelerates the degradation rate and enhances bioactivity across both synthesis methods, as B2O3 content increases from 40 to 70 mol%. Notably, the sol-gel derived BG samples demonstrate pronounced degradation, with mass loss reaching up to 90 %, and superior hydroxyapatite formation in simulated body fluid, surpassing the performance of their melting-derived counterparts. Cytotoxicity assays with MC3T3-E1 cells reveal no significant inhibitory effects from any of the borate bioglasses. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been utilized to elucidate the relationship between structural alterations and in vitro bioactivity, with a particular emphasis on the boron coordination number. These findings provide a promising strategy for the development of borate BGs with tailored degradation profiles and excellent bioactivity, making them as strong candidates for various biomedical applications.

Effect of boron oxide on the structure and properties of Li2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 transparent glass‐ceramics

AbstractTransparent lithium aluminum silicon glass‐ceramics are prepared via heat treatment and the effect of boron oxide (B2O3) content on the structure and properties of Li2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 glass‐ceramics is investigated. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the parent glass containing B2O3 exhibits a higher concentration of bridging oxygen (BO). With an increase in B2O3 content, the relative amount of BO changes from 76.64% to 79.86% and then to 79.52%. Simultaneously, the second crystallization peak temperature TP2 of the samples increases from 715°C to 720°C and then to 724°C by differential scanning calorimeter analysis. The X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope results indicate that the addition of B2O3 facilitates grain growth, while an increase in B2O3 substitution for Al2O3 hinders the precipitation of LiAlSi4O10 but promotes quartz formation. The glass containing 2 wt% B2O3 with the heat treatment of 560°C/ 4 h+ 680°C/2 h shows a Vickers Hardness value of approximately 7.75 GPa, and a transmittance at 550 nm reaching ∼85%.

Fabrication and characterization of CaO and B2O3 doped silicate glasses

Lead silicate glasses are used to absorb electromagnetic waves. This work investigates the radiation shielding properties of a xSiO2.(1-x)PbO2 glass system containing 5 and 10 mol% of CaO and B2O3. Analyses for characterization include XRD, SEM, EDAX, DRS (UV–Vis), and density analyses. Here, DRS (UV–Vis) analysis is used to investigate the absorption value in the range of 200–900 nm, and XCOM software is used to investigate the γ-ray wavelength. UV–Vis analysis specifies that the absorption value in the UV-ray wavelength increases by increasing the contents of CaO and B2O3, while the XCOM software shows that the absorption value in the γ-ray wavelength decreases with the addition of CaO and B2O3. It seems that the effect of different oxides on the properties of lead silicate glasses is complex and depends on the position of the elements. The results show that glass transparency decreases with the addition of CaO and B2O3. The mechanism of the addition of CaO and B2O3 is discussed and compared with the results of other dopants such as ZnO and BaO in this glass. In this research, for the first time, the “inner-atomic” and “outer-atomic” perspectives are presented and discussed to justify the obtained results.

ANN modeling of tincal ore dehydration

Abstract Tincal ore is a preferred material in many industrial applications, especially without water. It is important to dehydrate boron ores so that they can be used in materials engineering. For this purpose, some heat treatments must be carried out. Heat treatments are associated with additional costs. It is possible to model heat treatments using artificial intelligence methods, determine optimal process conditions and achieve the desired results with much less processing effort. In this study, a dehydration process was first carried out to dehydrate tincal ore and ANN (artificial neural networks) modeling of this process was investigated using the parameters of temperature, time and amount of ore. The possibility of achieving the desired H2O, B2O3 and Na2O concentration values in the dewatering process in the shortest time and by the shortest route was investigated using the ANN model. In the modeling, a single model was designed for the changes in concentrations and this model was trained separately for each. The result of the modeling was that the R 2 values for all three models were close to each other and were approximately 0.98. It was thus shown that the ANN method can be successfully modeled for dewatering processes.

Effects of B2O3 on melting characteristic temperature and evaporation of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 based ESR slag

The evaporation behaviors of ESR slag (CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-(B2O3)) for B-containing rack steel was laboratorially investigated to improve the stability of ESR process and the quality of ESR ingots. The thermogravimetric measurement, FactSage 8.3, kinetic analysis and molecular dynamics simulation methods were applied in this study. Additionally, the melting characteristic temperatures of the slag was tested by the hemisphere method. The results showed that B2O3 reduced the melting characteristic temperatures and mass loss of slag. Increasing the B2O3 content increased the vapor pressure of AlF3, OBF, and BF3, consequently promoting their evaporation. The main evaporating product in the slag was found to be CaF2, followed by minor amounts of MgF2, AlF3, OBF, AlOF, and BF3. Notably, the apparent activation energy for fluoride evaporation was calculated to fall within the range of 189.43–388.24 kJ mol−1, with the evaporation process following a nucleation and growth mechanism. The order of the self-diffusion coefficients of ions in the slag was determined to be F− > Mg2+>Ca2+>O2− ≈ B3+>Al3+. With the increase of B2O3 content in the slag, the self-diffusion coefficient of each ion underwent an initial decrease followed by a significant increase, illustrating that diffusion did not serve as the controlling step of the evaporation reaction.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of freeze-casted in-situ ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites

In this work, the A18B4O33w (ABOw) was in-situ generated on the surface of Al2O3 through the reaction of B2O3 and Al2O3, resulting in the thorn structure. Then, the ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites were fabricated through a combination of freeze casting and pressure casting. The influence of the initial content of B2O3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites was investigated. The results show that the lamellar structure of ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites were weakened, which gradually changed to dendritic structure with the increasing B2O3 content. The in-situ formation of ABOw on the surface of Al2O3 was favorable to improve the compressive strength of both ABOw@Al2O3 ceramic scaffold and ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites, while also reducing the anisotropy of the composites. Furthermore, the in-situ generated ABOw within the ceramic layer could effectively relieve stress concentration and delay crack initiation and propagation, which led to the enhancement of the load-bearing capacity of ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composites. The ABOw@Al2O3/AZ91 composite exhibited the outstanding mechanical properties with the compressive strength of ∼685 MPa, when the B2O3's content is 5 wt%.

Exploration of optical, mechanical and radiation shielding properties in B2O3-BaO-Na2O-ZnO-CaO glasses: A compositional study

We investigated the optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding features of a novel B2O3-BaO-Na2O-ZnO-CaO glasses prepared using the melt-quench method. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, the optical features were characterized. The results indicate that upon reducing the B2O3 content, the band gap decreases from 3.722 eV to 3.069 eV, and refractive indices increase from 2.225 to 2.378. On the other hand, mechanical properties were studied based on the Makishima–Mackenzie model. Young's modulus, for instance, decreased from 93.314 GPa (G1) to 78.896 GPa (G4). Radiation shielding properties were studied using the Phy-X software, and the results showed significant variations, with the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values at 0.015 MeV being 48.378 cm−1 for G1, cm−1 for G2, 75.282 cm−1 for G3, and 89.360 cm−1 for G4. The half-value layer (HVL) at 0.015 MeV ranged from 0.014 cm (G1) to 0.008 cm (G4). The results indicate that increasing BaO-Na2O-ZnO-CaO content improves the glass's radiation shielding ability but decreases its mechanical strength.

Thermodynamic modeling of interphase distribution of chromium and boron in slags of AOD reduction period

The paper presents the results of a thermodynamic modeling of the chromium and boron reduction from slags of reduction period of argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) by a complex reducing agent containing silicon and aluminum. Using the simplex lattice method, an experiment planning matrix is constructed containing 16 compositions of the oxide system СаО – SiO2 – (3 – 6 %) В2О3 – 12 % Cr2O3 – 3 % Al2O3 – 8 % MgO of variable basicity 1.0 – 2.5. The results of thermodynamic modeling are graphically presented in form of dependence of equilibrium distribution of chromium and boron on the slag composition at temperatures of 1600 and 1700 °C. The constructed diagrams make it possible to quantify the influence of the temperature, basicity and B2O3 in the slag on equilibrium interphase distribution of chromium and boron. It is established that increasing the slag basicity from 1.0 to 2.5 improves the process of chromium reduction, but restores the boron stability. With an increase in B2O3 content in the slag, a slight deterioration of chromium reduction process occurs, while the boron content in the metal increases. With a simultaneous increase in basicity up to 2.5 and a decrease in boron oxide in the slag from 5 to 3 %, the interphase distribution coefficient of chromium is reduced to 1.5·10–3. Changing the process temperature from 1600 to 1700 °C does not have a negative effect on the process of chromium reduction, but worsens the boron reduction conditions. Based on analysis of the formed slag phases and thermodynamics of the reactions of their formation, it is established that chromium is mainly reduced by aliminum with only partial development of silicothermy. The residual silicon content reduces boron, thereby limiting its concentration in the metal. The results of high-temperature experiments showed high correspondence with the results of thermodynamic studies.

Effect of B2O3 content on the structural and optical properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 glass

This study explores the structural and optical properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 system mixed with B2O3. The samples with the composition xB2O3 + (100-x) (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (where x = 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mol. %) were prepared using the melting quenching technique to form borate-based glass containing BaO, CaO, ZrO2 and TiO2 (BBCZT). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared samples. The macroscopic structure of the glasses was assessed from the density measurements determined through Archimedes' principle, while information regarding the atomic structural units and vibrational modes were obtained from Infrared measurements. Increasing the B2O3 content led to variation of the relative intensity of these modes together with a decrease (increase) in density (molar volume), indicating a less dense and open-structure for the glass network. The absorption spectra showed absorption bands associated with the optical transitions B22g→B21g and B22g→A21g of Ti3+ ions occupying distortion octahedral sites (TiOh3+) in the glass matrix. The ligand field strength (10Dq), optical energy gap (Eopt), Urbach's energy (ΔE), and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) were calculated in the study.

Synthesis of terpinyl acetate from α-pinene catalyzed by α-hydroxycarboxylic acid-boric acid composite catalyst.

To enhance the yield of the one-step synthesis of terpinyl acetate from α-pinene and acetic acid, this study evaluated α-hydroxycarboxylic acid (HCA)-boric acid composite catalysts based on orthogonal experimental design. The most important factor affecting the terpinyl acetate content in the product was the HCA content. The catalytic performance of the composite catalyst was related to the pKa1 of HCA. The tartaric acid-boric acid composite catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity. The α-pinene conversion reached 91.8%, and the terpinyl acetate selectivity reached 45.6%. When boric acid was replaced with B2O3, the HCA composite catalyst activity was enhanced, which reduced the use of HCA. When the lactic acid and B2O3 content accounted for 10% and 4% of the α-pinene mass content, respectively, the α-pinene conversion reached 93.2%, and the terpinyl acetate selectivity reached up to 47.1%. In addition, the presence of water was unfavorable to HCA-boric acid composite catalyst. However, a water content less than 1% of the α-pinene mass content improved the catalytic activity of HCA-B2O3. When the tartaric acid-B2O3 was used as catalyst, and the water content was 1% of the α-pinene mass content, the α-pinene conversion was 89.6%, and the terpinyl acetate selectivity was 47.5%.

Effect of B2O3/SiO2 molar ratio and B2O3 content on viscosity and structure of B2O3–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–TiO2 glass lubricant

AbstractGlass lubricant with a suitable viscosity is essential for producing high‐quality titanium products by the hot extrusion process. In this study, a novel lubricant of B2O3–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–TiO2 (BSANT) glass was proposed, where the effects of B2O3/SiO2 molar ratio (B/Si) and B2O3 content on viscosity and structure were investigated. The results showed that the BSANT glass viscosity was gradually decreased, and the viscous activation energy was decreased by 20.24% with an increased B/Si ratio from 0.415 to 0.719. This was attributed to the decreased amounts of Q3, [BO4], [AlO4], and bridging oxygen (BO) in the network structure, which in turn resulted in a decreased network degree of polymerization. When B2O3 content was increased from 18.70 to 33.12 mol.%, the melt viscosity value at 950 ℃ was decreased by 64.51%, and the viscous activation energy was reduced by 15.82%. Boron anomalies were also observed in glass melts with the B2O3 content from 28.28 to 33.12 mol.%. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon were thoroughly discussed in the study. Additionally, a comparison and discussion of the applications of glass lubricants in metal hot working were presented. A glass lubricant with a specific composition was recommended for use in hot extrusion process within the temperature range of 950–1100°C due to its relatively stable viscosity properties.

Gamma attenuation, dose rate and exposure/absorption buildup factors of apatite–wollastonite (AW) ceramic system

Apatite-wollastonite (AW) is an important biomaterial useful in clinical practice for tissue engineering and other applications. In this research paper, AW and B2O3-doped AW glass ceramics (GCs) were reported and investigated deeply by means of their ability to attenuate gamma-photons. The studied samples denoted by AW, AW-10B, and AW-20B as the B2O3 content from 0 to 20 mol% with the step of 10. Using FLUKA and other theoretical approaches, photon interaction parameters for narrow and broad beam transmission through the AW GCs were estimated for the 15 keV–15 MeV energy range. Also, the density of the GCs increased as the B2O3 content increased. The mass attenuation coefficients were found to be within the ranges 0.0231–13.5659 cm2/g, 0.0225–12.3561 cm2/g, and 0.0220–11.1079 cm2/g for AW, AW-10B, and AW-20B, respectively. The effective atomic number of the GCs fell within the range 11.04–17.26, 10.88–17.01, and 10.21–16.72, respectively. As the doping concentration of B2O3 increased, the gamma energy that the AW GCs were able to absorb decreased. The addition of B2O3 compromised the photon shielding competence of AW in both narrow beam and broad beam scenarios. The GCs had better photon-absorbing competence than some existing gamma-photon shields. The GCs may thus be used as photon absorbers in clinical practice or in other nuclear applications.

The effect of oxygen fugacity on the evaporation of boron from aluminoborosilicate melt

Abstract. We present the results of B2O3 evaporation experiments from Ca- and Mg-bearing aluminoborosilicate melts. Our experiments were conducted at 1245 to 1249 ∘C and 1350 to 1361 ∘C for different run times (60–1020 min), and at oxygen fugacities (logfO2) relative to the fayalite–magnetite–quartz (FMQ) buffer of FMQ−6 to FMQ+1.5, and in air. Our results show that with increasing fO2, evaporation of B from the melt increases by a factor of 5 compared to reducing conditions. Using Gibbs free energy minimization calculations, we suggest two possible evaporation reactions for B2O3 which constrain its speciation in the gas phase to be either 3+ or 4+ (B2O3(g) and BO2(g)). The measured B2O3 contents of the B evaporated residual glasses were used to calculate evaporation rate constants (ki) for B2O3 in oxidizing conditions (air, ki=2.09×10-4 cm min−1 at 1350 ∘C) and reducing conditions (FMQ−4, ki=4.46×10-5 cm min−1 at 1350 ∘C). The absence of diffusion profiles in the experimental glasses suggests that the evaporation rates are slower than B2O3 diffusion rates and therefore the rate-limiting process. Overall, the rate of B evaporation in air is approximately a factor of 5 higher compared to reducing conditions at FMQ−4.

Structural investigation and thermal properties of Al2O3-PbO-B2O3 glasses

Two series of aluminum lead borate glasses, (Al2O3)y(PbO)35-y(B2O3)65 and (Al2O3)y(PbO)70-y(B2O3)30, were prepared and effect of PbO → Al2O3 substitution on their structure and thermal properties was studied. The semi-quantitative analysis of the Raman spectroscopy data was used to structural interpretation of glass transition behavior in the Al2O3-doped lead borate glasses. The mechanisms of structural reorganization of glassy network under PbO → Al2O3 substitution were found to differ for the studied series although Al3+ ions are incorporated in the glass network, mainly, in form of AlO4 units in the both cases. The formation of AlO4 tetrahedra is accompanied by transformation of various isolated borate anions into finite-sized metaborate chains as well as the conversion of four-fold coordinated [BØ3O−]− species with one non-bridging oxygen atom into fully polymerized [BØ4]− tetrahedra in the (Al2O3)y(PbO)70-y(B2O3)30 glasses. In the series of glasses with high concentration of B2O3, B[4] → B[3] transformation including the shift of [BØ4]− ↔ BØ2O− equilibrium toward the right side is the main process of structural reorganization caused by PbO → Al2O3 substitution. In this case, the change in the network connectivity is determined by competition between increasing the amount of Al-O-B bonds against the background of decreasing the amount of B-O-B bonds between borate structural species. In the B-poor series, the glass transition temperature increased with Al2O3 from 280 to 360 °C, and the crystallization peak onset occurs at 340 and 380 °C for the glasses with the 0 and 3 mol.% Al2O3 contents, respectively (higher aluminum oxide contents already prevent crystallization). In the B-rich series, Tg increases with the Al2O3 content from 430 to 490 °C, and the crystallization occurs at 560 °C only for the Al2O3-free glass. The structural relaxation behavior in the glass transition rage was described in terms of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model. The activation energy for the relaxation movements was found to be non-monotonous in case of both compositional series.

Unveiling the effect of phase separation on crystallization of calcium borosilicate glass-ceramics

The CaO–B2O3–SiO2(CBS) glass-ceramics with low sintering temperature and good microwave dielectric properties have been applied on the famous commercial low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) Tape for passivation substrate materials for 5G/6G technology. However, the phase separation and its relationship with the crystallization is rarely studied but extremely important for understanding and designing the high-performance CBS glass-ceramics. Herein, we find that the phase separation type of CBS glass-ceramics changes from metastable immiscibility to stable immiscibility with the increase of B2O3 content. In the metastable immiscible glass-ceramics, three phases are observed, including continuous borate-rich and silicate-rich phases as well as spherical silicate-rich phases. In the stable immiscible glass-ceramics, the silicate-rich phases transform into petal-liked shapes. β-CaSiO3 nuclei are formed in fractions with BO3/SiO4 equaling to 0.56. Notably the β-CaSiO3 nucleus do not grow after heat treatment at 850 °C, but grow at higher temperatures. Phase separation hinders the precipitation of β-CaSiO3 and promoted the formation of CaB2O4 and SiO2. In addition, interfacial defects caused by phase separation alter the crystal barrier and promote the formation of α-CaSiO3. However, α-CaSiO3 dissolves at 1000 °C and may provide Ca2+ cations together with the borate-rich phase for the regrowth of β-CaSiO3. Our work provides another perspective for understanding the effects of phase separation on crystallization in CBS glass-ceramics, contributing to improving the microwave dielectric performance by structural design.

Enhancing Radiation Shielding with Gadolinium(III) Oxide in Cerium(III) Fluoride‐Doped Silica Borate Glass

This study investigates the radiation shielding properties of glass samples within the xGd2O3‐5SiO2‐40Na2O‐(54.5‐x) B2O3:0.5CeF3 composition, where x varies from 0 to 10 mol.%, which is coded as GSNBCX (X = 1, 2, 3, and 4). The assessment is done through comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation and Phy‐X/PSD software analyses. The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the radiation shielding properties of glass compositions with varying Gd2O3 concentrations. This evaluation encompasses both the attenuation of gamma radiation within the broad energy range of 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV and the assessment of fast neutron removal cross sections, with a specific focus on simulations spanning energy levels from 0.5 to 10 MeV. By examining these parameters, we aim to elucidate the impact of Gd2O3 concentration on the material’s overall effectiveness in radiation shielding applications. The results reveal a significant variation in the mass attenuation coefficient (μm) across the investigated glass samples. For instance, μm values range from 3.244 to 0.019 cm2·g−1 for GSNBC1, 20.471 to 0.025 cm2·g−1 for GSNBC2, 27.245 to 0.027 cm2·g−1 for GSNBC3, and 32.223 to 0.029 cm2·g−1 for GSNBC4. Notably, GSNBC4, characterized by a substantial Gd2O3 concentration (10 mol.%), exhibits the highest values of both μm and linear attenuation coefficient (μ). Furthermore, the investigation delves into the fast neutron removal cross section (FNRCS), which displays values of 0.97, 0.95, 0.094, and 0.93 cm−1, respectively. GSNBC1, marked by its elevated B2O3 content (54.5 mol.%), showcases the highest FNRCS. These findings underscore the efficacy of Gd2O3‐doped materials in shielding against gamma rays, holding promise for various applications in radiation protection, particularly in the medical and nuclear sectors. This study contributes valuable insights into developing effective radiation‐blocking materials for diverse industrial and scientific contexts.

Effects of B2O3 content on crystallization behavior and properties of low temperature co-fired CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

Effects of B2O3 content on crystallization behavior and properties of low temperature co-fired CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics