Β-tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Research Articles

Novel resin-based material containing β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles for the reduction of dentin permeability

ObjectivesTo synthesize and characterize a novel dentin adhesive containing Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles and test its ability to reduce dentin permeability (dP). MethodsExperimental adhesives were prepared by mixing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA (50/25/25 wt.%), photo-initiators, and inhibitors. The following groups were tested: Experimental adhesives without β-TCP (Exp.); with 10 wt.% β-TCP (Exp.10 wt.% β-TCP); with 15 wt.% β-TCP (Exp.15 wt.% β-TCP), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) and Clearfil SE Protect Bond (CFPB). Degree of conversion (DC%, 10 and 20 s); Flexural Strength (FS), Knoop Hardness (KHN), and Cell Viability (OD%) tests were performed. dP was evaluated by hydraulic conductance, using human dentin disks (n=12), at three-time intervals: post-EDTA (T0); post-treatment (T1); and post-erosion/abrasion cycling (T2). Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). ResultsFor all groups, exposure time for 20 s presented a higher DC% than for 10 s. For FS, filled adhesives did not differ from unfilled and from CFPB. Experimental adhesives did not differ among them and showed lower KHN than the commercial products. Cell viability did not differ among adhesives, except Exp. 15 wt.%, which showed lower OD% than Exp., Exp. 10% and, CFPB. For dP, only Exp.10 and 15 wt.% β-TCP did not present difference between the times T1 and T2. After cycling, Exp.10 wt.% β-TCP presented lower permeability than Exp. and CFPB. ConclusionsThe incorporation of 10 wt.% β-TCP nanoparticles into the resin-based dental material did not affect its mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and promoted the greatest reduction in dentin permeability, sustaining this effect under erosive/abrasive challenges. Clinical significanceA novel resin-based dental material containing β-TCP nanoparticles was able to reduce dentin permeability, maintaining its efficacy after erosive/abrasive challenges. The synthesized material did not affect dental pulp cell viability and might be promising for other conditions that require dental remineralization, such as tooth wear and dental caries.

The incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles within silk fibroin composite scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration: An in vitro and in vivo study.

To investigate the osteogenesis of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles-incorporated silk fibroin (SF/β-TCP) composite scaffolds, SF-based scaffolds with different β-TCP proportion (2/1, 1/1, and 1/2) were fabricated by freeze-drying technology in the present study. Structural and physicochemical properties of SF-based scaffolds were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and transmission electron microscope. Biocompatibility and osteogenesis of SF/β-TCP scaffolds were investigated by using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Eight New Zealand rabbits were selected, while four 8-mm-diameter calvarial defects were created in each rabbit to place SF/β-TCP scaffolds. The harvested specimens at 4 and 12weeks were used to evaluate the bone forming ability by micro-CT and histological examination. The results suggested incorporation of β-TCP displayed flake-like pore morphology with proper pore sizes. With the increasing proportion of β-TCP, composite scaffolds exhibited higher compressive strength, lower swelling ratio and degradation rate, as well as enhanced biomineralization capacity. Alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I expression levels of BMSCs were significantly increased in the presence of β-TCP nanoparticles. All composite scaffolds with different β-TCP proportion had good bone formation ability at 12weeks. Among them, SF/β-TCP (1/2) scaffold exhibited the favorable osteogenesis capability which had great potential for applications in bone regeneration.

Evaluation of the effect of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles on bone defect healing in diabetic rats

Evaluation of the effect of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles on bone defect healing in diabetic rats

Novel fluoride and stannous -functionalized β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles for the management of dental erosion

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles functionalized with fluoride or with fluoride plus stannous on enamel and dentin. Methodsβ-TCP nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sixty enamel and dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n = 10): Control (water); F (NaF, 225 ppm F−); F + Sn (NaF + SnCl2, 800 ppm Sn2+); F+β-TCP (F+40 ppm β-TCP); F + Sn+β-TCP (F + Sn+40 ppm β-TCP); F + Sn+100β-TCP (F + Sn+100 ppm β-TCP). Specimens underwent erosion-remineralization cycling (5 min immersion into 1 % citric acid solution and 60 min exposure to artificial saliva, 4×/day, 5 days). Immersion in the test solutions was performed for 2 min, 2×/day. Surface loss (SL, in μm) was determined by optical profilometry at the end of cycling. Data were analyzed using one way-ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). ResultsXRD confirmed the β-TCP phase. TEM micrographs showed differences between the bare nanoparticle and the β-TCP functionalized with F and Sn. All enamel groups presented lower SL than the control, with F + Sn, F + Sn+β-TCP, and F + Sn+100β-TCP showing the lowest values. For dentin, all the groups had lower SL than the control. F+β-TCP presented the lowest SL, significantly differing from all the other groups. Conclusionβ-TCP nanoparticles functionalized with fluoride showed improved anti-erosive effect compared to the fluoride solution on dentin. There was no significant effect of the β-TCP nanoparticles functionalized with fluoride plus stannous in both substrates. Clinical Relevanceβ-TCP nanoparticles are a promising agent to be added to oral health products to improve the protective effect of fluoride against dentin erosion.

Evaluation of the effects of β-tricalcium phosphate on physical, mechanical and biological properties of Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications

ABSTRACTScaffold designing for cartilage tissue engineering requires suitable physico-mechanical and biological properties. This research was carried out to study the effects of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (β-TCP) on Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-chitosan (Cs) electrospun scaffold. Results showed that the addition of different amounts of β-TCP increased fibre diameter, porosity, hydrophilicity and tensile strength in the proper condition. An increase in the degradation rate was observed by an increase in the amount of β-TCP. The biological behaviour of the PHB-Cs/7.5%wt β-TCP electrospun nanocomposite scaffold was investigated through the formation of apatite-like granules and proper attachment and proliferation of chondrocytes on the surface of scaffolds.

In vitro and in vivo mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma inhibition by β-TCP nanoparticles.

Background: Studies have showed that nanoparticles have a certain anti-cancer activity and can inhibit many kinds of cancer cells. β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (nano-β-TCP) displays better biodegradation, but the application and mechanism of nano-β-TCP in anti-cancer activity are still not clear.Purpose: The objective of this study was to synthesize nano-β-TCP and investigate its inhibitory properties and mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Nano-β-TCP was synthesized using ethanol-water system and characterized. The effects of nano-β-TCP on cell viability, cell uptake, intracellular oxidative stress (ROS), cell cycle and apoptosis were also investigated with HepG2 cells and human hepatocyte cells (L-02). Intratumoral injection of nano-β-TCP was performed on the xenograft liver cancer model to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of nano-β-TCP on liver tumors.Results: In vitro results revealed that nano-β-TCP caused reduced cell viability of HepG2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Nano-β-TCP was internalized through endocytosis and degraded in cells, resulting in obvious increase of the intracellular Ca2+ and PO43- ions. Nano-β-TCP induced cancer cells to produce ROS and induced apoptosis of tumor cells by an apoptotic signaling pathways both in extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. In addition, nano-β-TCP blocked cell cycle of HepG2 cells in G0/G1 phase and disturbed expression of some related cyclins. In vivo results showed that 40 mg/kg of nano-β-TCP had no significant toxic side effects, but could effectively suppress hepatocellular carcinoma growth.Conclusion: These findings revealed the anticancer effect of nano-β-TCP and also clarified the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Evaluation of Tissue Behavior on Three-dimensional Collagen Scaffold Coated with Carbon Nanotubes and β-tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

Evaluation of Tissue Behavior on Three-dimensional Collagen Scaffold Coated with Carbon Nanotubes and β-tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

Effect of βTricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Additions on the Properties of Gelatin-Chitosan Scaffolds

Bone tissue engineering, using a synthetic porous scaffold material provides some distinct advantages over autografting and allografting, and it is a rapidly growing alternative approach to heal damaged bone tissue. The current study focuses on fabrication and characterization of nano β-TCP incorporated gelatin- chitosan based composite scaffold for bone regeneration at the sites of musculoskeletal defects and disorders. Gelatin-chitosan scaffold reinforced with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanopowder was fabricated through freeze drying of material’s suspension. From powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis the presence of phase pure β-TCP powders in gelatin-chitosan matrix was confirmed. Gelatin-Chitosan-β- TCP (GCT) scaffold exhibited a homogenouos porous structure with an average pore size of 118 ± 11 μm. Micro-CT image confirmed interconnected porous network with homogeneous distribution of β-TCP nanoparticles in Gelatin- Chitosan (GC) matrix. GCT scaffold showed higher compressive strength of 2.45 ± 0.15 MPa as compared to 1 MPa exhibited by neat GC scaffold. Protein adsorption capacity was increased to 22 mg/cc in GCT scaffold from 13 mg/ cc in GC scaffold. Weight loss of GCT scaffold was lower of 26% as compared to 47% in GC scaffold after 8 weeks of incubation in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured onto GCT scaffold exhibited higher degree of lamellipodia and filopodia extensions and greater spreading onto GCT scaffold as compared to that in GC scaffold after 7 and 14 days of culture. MTT assay suggested higher degree of proliferation of MSCs cultured onto GCT scaffold as compared to that onto pure GC scaffolds. This study demonstrates that β-TCP incorporation into gelatin- chitosan matrix improved osteogenic potential of the scaffold suitable for bone tissue engineering

Fabrication, characterization and cellular biocompatibility of porous biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with different pore sizes

Facile wet-chemical methods are applied to synthesize hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles, respectively. Porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramic scaffolds are then fabricated using as-prepared HA and β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticle powders. The macro pore diameter of BCP bioceramic scaffolds can be controlled by adjusting the amount of surfactants. The average diameter of the macro pores in BCP bioceramic scaffolds increases from 100 to 600µm with the decrease amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate from 0.8 to 0.5g, respectively. The BCP bioceramic scaffolds gradually degrade and the calcium-phosphate compounds fully deposit when soaking in simulated body fluid solution. Moreover, The BCP bioceramic scaffolds have outstanding biocompatibility to promote the cellular growth and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The hDPSCs also demonstrate favorable cellular adhering capacity on the pore surface of scaffolds, especially on the scaffolds with 100–200µm pore diameter. The porous BCP bioceramic scaffold with inter-connected pore structure, outstanding in vitro cellular biocompatibility, favorable cell viability and adhesion ability will be a promising biomaterial for bone or dentin tissue regeneration.

Bone-forming Effects of Collagen Scaffold Containing β-tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles on Extraction Sockets in Dogs

Bone-forming Effects of Collagen Scaffold Containing β-tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles on Extraction Sockets in Dogs

Evaluation, Characterization and Cell Viability of Ceramic Scaffold and Nano-gold loaded Ceramic Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Orthopaedic implants and metal implantation are major technological contributions in the field of orthopaedic surgery. However, bacterial infection and inflammation are predicament issues that subsequently lead to implant failure and second surgery. Ceramic scaffold loaded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) posse's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which would be more ideal for successful bone implantation and tissue regeneration. Thereby, Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA), β-Tricalcium Phosphate nanoparticles (nβ-TCP), and Au NPs were used for the fabrication of ceramic scaffold and Au NPs loaded ceramic scaffold. The effects of the Au NPs on the scaffold's mechanical properties, porosity and cell growth have been evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscope [1] and test metric universal testing machine were employed for characterization of the scaffolds. Gold loaded scaffold demonstrated enhanced porosity, degradability and mechanical properties compared with the ceramic scaffold. The porosity of the ceramic and Au NPs loaded ceramic scaffold ranged between 30-50% and 60-75%, respectively, while compressive strength ranged between 10-30mPa and 25-45mPa, respectively.. Scaffold synthesis can be used for implantation in organs that need high load bearing such as femurs, tibia and also as a substrate for Au NPs delivery. To our knowledge, Au NPs have not been incorporate previously with calcium phosphate for fabrication scaffold for bone grafting. Also this study the first report on the effects of Au NPS on the mechanical properties, porosity and degradation rates of ceramic scaffolds.

CRYSTAL ANALYSIS OF MULTI PHASE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF MAGNESIUM

In this study, Mg doped hydroxyapatite [( Ca , Mg )10( PO 4)6( OH )2] and β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized via sol gel method. Triethyl phosphite, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate were used as P , Ca and Mg precursors. The ratio of ( Ca + Mg )/ P and the amount of magnesium ( x ) were kept constant at 1.67 and ranging x = 0 up to 3 in molecular formula of Ca 10- x Mg x ( PO 4)6( OH )2, respectively. Phase composition and chemical structure were performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Phase percentages, crystallite size, degree of crystallinity and lattice parameters were investigated. The presence of magnesium led to form the Mg doped tricalcium phosphate (β-TCMP) and Mg doped hydroxyapatite ( Mg - HA ). Based on the results of this study, lattice parameters, degree of crystallinity and crystallite size decreased with magnesium content. In addition, with increasing magnesium content, the amount of CaO phase decreased whereas the amount of MgO phase increased significantly. Obtained results can be used for new biomaterials design.

Effect of Zinc-Containing .BETA.-Tricalcium Phosphate Nano Particles Injection on Jawbone Mineral Density and Mechanical Strength of Osteoporosis Model Rats

Zinc-containing β-tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP) nano particles were injected into zinc-deficient rats to promote osteogenesis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (4 weeks old, average weight of 70 g) were divided into four groups: Normal rats (not ovariectomized (OVX)), Control rats (OVX), and OVX rats injected with a suspension of ZnTCP nano particles or ZnSO(4). The ZnTCP contained 6.17% zinc. The suspensions (0.6 mg as a zinc volume/0.2 ml) were injected around the jaw bone once a week for 12 weeks. Local effects on the bone mineral content (BMC) of jawbone, and systemic effects on body weight, the BMC of both femurs determined by X-ray computed tomography, and bone mechanical strength (BMS) measured by the three-point bending method, were examined. The BMC of jaw bone was significantly higher in the ZnTCP-treated group than un-treated or ZnSO(4)-treated group. Body weight, the BMC of femurs, and BMS were also significantly higher in the ZnTCP treated-group. The zinc-containing β-tricalcium phosphate nano particles were effective at preventing bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats and have potential uses for treating periodontitis.

Viscoelastic and Biomechanical Properties of Osteochondral Tissue Constructs Generated From Graded Polycaprolactone and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites

The complex micro-/nanostructure of native cartilage-to-bone insertion exhibits gradations in extracellular matrix components, leading to variations in the viscoelastic and biomechanical properties along its thickness to allow for smooth transition of loads under physiological movements. Engineering a realistic tissue for osteochondral interface would, therefore, depend on the ability to develop scaffolds with properly graded physical and chemical properties to facilitate the mimicry of the complex elegance of native tissue. In this study, polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffolds with spatially controlled concentrations of beta-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion-electrospinning process and seeded with MC3T3-E1 cells to form osteochondral tissue constructs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the linear viscoelastic and compressive properties of the native bovine osteochondral tissue and the tissue constructs formed in terms of their small-amplitude oscillatory shear, unconfined compression, and stress relaxation behavior. The native tissue, engineered tissue constructs, and unseeded scaffolds exhibited linear viscoelastic behavior for strain amplitudes less than 0.1%. Both native tissue and engineered tissue constructs demonstrated qualitatively similar gel-like behavior as determined using linear viscoelastic material functions. The normal stresses in compression determined at 10% strain for the unseeded scaffold, the tissue constructs cultured for four weeks, and the native tissue were 0.87+/-0.08 kPa, 3.59+/-0.34 kPa, and 210.80+/-8.93 kPa, respectively. Viscoelastic and biomechanical properties of the engineered tissue constructs were observed to increase with culture time reflecting the development of a tissuelike structure. These experimental findings suggest that viscoelastic material functions of the tissue constructs can provide valuable inputs for the stages of in vitro tissue development.

The biological properties of carbon nanofibers decorated with β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles

Carbon nanofibers decorated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles (β-TCP/CNFs) have been prepared by sintering electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as the calcium source and triethyl phosphate as the phosphorus source. Microstructure and phase composition analysis indicate that the resulting materials are composed of β-TCP nanoparticles and CNFs. And the long β-TCP/CNFs can be cut into organism-eliminable short CNFs gradually in hydrochloric acid solution due to the solubilization of β-TCP nanoparticles. The materials exhibit good biocompatibility, and have comparable effect on cell growth with pure CNFs, with their tuning ability in degradation.

β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles adhered carbon nanofibrous membrane for human osteoblasts cell culture

β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles adhered carbon nanofibrous (β-TCP@CNFs) membranes were prepared by electrospinning and sintering a mixed solution of triethylphosphate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, and PAN. Crystalline structure and morphology of β-TCP@CNFs were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM observations. The diameter of the β-TCP nanoparticles was in the range of 30–60 nm, they were well distributed on the surface of CNFs. Human osteoblasts cells were actively proliferated on the β-TCP@CNFs membrane due to the far extended adhesion area and biocompatibility.