Azadirachta Indica Leaf Powder Research Articles

Application and valorization of novel indigenous Azadirachta indica leaf in leather processing

This study investigated the viability of locally available organic sources of Azadirachta indica leaf as vegetable tannin agent in leather processing to promote green leather manufacturing. Leather tanned with Azadirachta indica leaf powder (NPT), extract (NET) and conventional vegetable tanned leather (CVT) was characterized with FTIR, DLS, HPLC, DSC, TGA, and SEM. Total soluble solid, pH, tannin content, and tanning strength of Azadirachta indica leaf extract were found to be 24 %, 4.81, 12.34 % and 1.81 respectively. Moisture content, fat content, and water-soluble content of Azadirachta indica leaf extract tanned leather (NET) were 12.26 %, 10.8 % and 7.2 % respectively. The shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, stitch tear strength, grain crack load, and finished film bond strength of NET leather were 86 °C, 282.52 kg/cm2, 139.53 kg/cm, 24 kg, and 414 g/cm respectively. NET leather exhibited better anti-microbial sensitivity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa than NPT and NET leather. Overall, the experimental results of this study indicate the A. indica leaf could serve as a prime renewable tanning agent, substituting hazardous chromium and imported conventional vegetable tannin chemicals in leather manufacturing. Thus, developed A. indica leaf tannin material from plant sources could provide sustainable leather production, contributing to eco-friendly and viable green leather processing options.

Anticoagulation activity of sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose/Azadirachta indica leaf powder-based bio-composite.

Polymeric bio-composites synthesized via a green approach using natural herbs have fascinating anticoagulant activity due to their eco-friendly and non-toxic behavior towards various physical and chemical actions. Herein, we introduce a simple and eco-friendly approach for the fabrication of a new hybrid type of bio-composite based on sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (S-CMC) and Azadirachta indica leaf powder (S-CMC/NLP). First, a non-toxic sulfating agent called N(SO3Na)3 was used to modify carboxymethyl cellulose into S-CMC. With an ion exchange capacity of 0.25 meq. g-1, the level of sulfation (%) of S-CMC (modified polysaccharide) was measured to be 12.01%. Three types of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites were developed by varying the concentration of NLP. FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD were used to characterize the structural features of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite possesses COO-, -OH and SO3- groups, suggesting the structural similarity to heparin. In addition, the anticoagulant effect of the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite was investigated using PT and APTT assays. The APTT investigation confirmed that following the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation system, 2-NLP/S-CMC bio-composite dose-dependently (0.045-0.28 mg mL-1) prolonged the time of blood coagulation compared to control (pure plasma). The S-CMC/NLP bio-composite showed its potential as a new, safe, and effective candidate for anticoagulant activity.

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on proximate composition and organoleptic attributes of broiler chicken

Efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on proximate composition and organoleptic attributes of broiler chicken

Combined effect of neem leaf powder and vermicompost in the management of root-knot nematode disease in Celosia argentea

Due to the rising demand for alternative options for root-knot nematode management, Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and Vermicompost were tested for their efficacy in controlling this disease in Celosia argentea. An experiment, laid out in Completely Randomized Design, was carried out in the screenhouse. It involved the testing of eight treatments which were replicated four times thus making a total of 32 experimental pots. The trial was repeated once to validate results obtained. Plants were inoculated with 5000 Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) eggs. The experimental pots without Mi egg served as the control. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, branches and flowers, leaf area index, shoot weight, root weight, dry weight, number of galls, final nematode and egg population and subjected to Analysis of Variance. The New Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to separate statistically significant treatment means. Results showed that the amendments used, reduced the infestation of the treated plants whose final Mi nematode population (2360, 2020, 2050, 1720, 1540, 1230) and egg population (2250, 2030, 2120, 1690, 1540, 1230) which were lower (P d” 0.05) than their initial population (5000 eggs) and when compared to the untreated Mi-inoculated (control) plants which had the highest final population (5858 and 5620) that outnumbered the original inoculum. Neem leaf powder and Vermicompost combined at 1% was statistically at par with other treatments in the reduction of the root-knot disease of C. argentea

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oil on growth performance and blood haematological indices of broiler chickens

Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oil on growth performance and blood haematological indices of broiler chickens

Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Feed Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Performance in Omani Sheep.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the dietary addition of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) when compared to monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, feed intake, digestibility, and performance of growing lambs. Eighteen Omani lambs (22.8 ± 2.18 kg of body weight (BW)) were equally divided into three groups (n = 6 lambs/group) for 90 days. Animals were fed an ad lib basal diet consisting of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (600 g/kg) and a concentrated mixture (400 g/kg) offered twice daily. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without supplements); MON (control plus 35 mg/kg DM as a positive control); and NLP (control plus 40 g/kg DM). Lambs fed NLP had reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations, protozoal counts, total volatile fatty acid, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations compared to the control. Compared to MON, lambs fed NLP had increased ruminal acetate and decreased propionate proportions. Inclusion of NLP in the diet increased blood total protein, globulin, and liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with the control, which was similar to MON. The lamb's final BW and average BW gain were also increased with the NLP relative to the control. Further, adding NLP to the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein compared to the control diet. In conclusion, adding NLP to the diet with 40 g/kg DM could be used as a promising phytogenic supplement for growing lambs with no detrimental effects on the ruminal fermentation profile, nutrient intake, or digestibility.

BIOFILTER MANUFACTURE OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAF POWDER AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CAPTURING FREE RADICALS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE

Free radicals from cigarette smoke are a dangerous part that must be found to counteract. This research aims to make a composite biofilter made from Azadirachta Indica to ward off/capture free radicals from cigarette smoke. This biofilter is made with Azadirachta Indica leaf powder added to polyethylene glycol as the matrix. The biofilter was then seen for its physical characteristics; the density and porosity were tested using SEM. Furthermore, a biofilter membrane is used to filter cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke that passes through the biofilter is then analyzed using ESR for its free radical content. The results showed that the biofilter made from Azadirachta Indica leaves could absorb several types of suspected free radicals in cigarette smoke. Biofilters using PEG as a matrix with a mass of 0.9 and 1gr were the most effective in absorbing the suspected types of free radicals. SEM test showed an average pore size of 2-3 µm for a mass of 1gr with PEG as the matrix.

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Neem Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Japanese Quail

A feeding trial was conducted to discern the influence of dietary incorporation of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters ofJapanese quail for 6 weeks. A metabolic trial was conducted during the last week of the feeding trial to assess nutrient utilization. A total number of 144-day-old chicks of Japanese quail were randomly assigned into four treatment groups, with 36 Japanese quail per treatment having three replicates of 12 birds each. Birds of treatment T1 (control group ) were fed a basal diet (starter and finisher), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3, and T4, the basal diet was incorporated with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% neem leaf powder, respectively. Results showed supplementation of 0.25% neem leaf powder improved the performance of Japanese quail in terms of body weight gain and performance index during the whole trial period. Nutrient utilization among various treatment groups was similar. The hematological values showed no significant a lterations i n d ifferent groups. Th e biochemical attributes among the treatment groups were similar, but a considerable decrease in the level of cholesterol and glucose was observed with an increasing level of neem leaf powder in the diet. Activities of ALT, AST, and ALP were lowest in the T4 group. It can be concluded that 1 percent neem leaf powder can be supplemented in feed for good health status and desired performance of the birds.

Growth performance of poultry in relation to Moringa oliefera and Azadirachta indica leaves powder

The current study was directed to examined the two excellent herbal plants Azadirachta indica and Moringa oliefera leaf powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance in terms of (FC, LWW, BWG, FCR and mortality rate), blood biochemistry (WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, LYM, GRA, MID and HCT) and carcass characters weight performance (Carcass Components, Yield of Main Carcass Parts (%), Giblets weight (%) and visceral organs weight (g). Feed conversion ratio measured is significantly (p < 0.05) different in treated groups and in the control group. Highest FCR was recorded in control group as compared to supplementary groups. Low FCR recorded in treated groups show significant (p < 0.05) results. The CBC analysis of the supplementary treatments and the control group show significant (p < 0.05) differences in WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, GRA and LYM. Treated groups had higher concentration of these parameters than the control groups but non-significant results obtained in terms of HGB, MID and in HCT concentrations. Carcass Characters show significant (p < 0.05) differences in the Carcass Components, Giblets Weight and in Visceral Organs Weight in supplementary treated groups as compared to control group.

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on the growth performance and carcass quality of Broiler Chicken - A Review

Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder on the growth performance and carcass quality of Broiler Chicken - A Review

THE EFFICACY OF Azadirachta indica (NEEM PLANT) LEAF POWDER AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL, Sitophilus zeamais MOTSCHULSKY

The experiment was set up to assess the insecticidal properties of Azadirachta indica (neem plant) leaf powder on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD), using four replications each for two treatments and also four replications for the control (untreated), from December, 2012 to March, 2013 at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. These were incubated for 46 days; the F1 progeny and weevil mortality were taken daily. Temperature and relative humidity ranged from 290C to 310C and 70% to 83% respectively. Mortality was highest (3.25) in 10g concentration and lowest (0.25) in the untreated (control). Progeny emergence was highest (187.50) in the untreated (control) and lowest (20.75) in the 10g concentration. The mean progeny emergence in the untreated maize grains was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) from emergence in the treated grains. Analysis of variance showed that Azadirachta indica powders caused significant mortality to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. There was however, no significant difference between the concentrations, but there was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between the concentrations and the control. The study suggests that leaf powder of Azadirachta indica can be used as a good alternative to pesticides against Sitophilus zeamais.

Reduction of turbidity by adding bio coagulant-A sustainable approach

Improper management of human developmental activities such as industrialization and haphazard urban development deteriorating the quality parameters of Surface Water sources beyond the permissible limits. Turbidity in water, a major physical characteristic parameter is highly increasing due to the presence of suspended, colloidal, dissolved solids and making the water resources anaesthetic in condition. The chemical coagulants like Alum, Ferric Sulphate are widely used in turbidity treatment processes. Present study aimed sustainable approach to reduce turbidity by adding Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder as bio coagulant along with Alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulphate). Laboratory investigation was done for the sample from Hussain sagar lake, Telangana, India and analysed the obtained turbidity results. Optimum dosage of neem leaf powder along with Alum has been determined by Jar Test Apparatus to increase the efficiency of treatment. The dose of bio coagulant used was 0.1 to 1gr per Litre. It has been observed that the bio coagulant is efficient in reducing turbidity upto 94.8% when it was added with reduced dosages of Alum. This paper explains sustainable method of reducing turbidity by using neem leaf powder as bio coagulant along with Alum.

Dietary inclusion of neem leaf powder on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and profitability of broilers

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) over a period of 35 days on the growth performance, dressing parameters, serum biochemical parameters and profitability of broiler meat. Day old broiler chicks (n = 320) were randomly assigned to five dietary groups, each with four replicates. The dietary treatment groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), NLP 0.25% (basal diet + 0.25% NLP), NLP 0.375% (basal diet + 0.375% NLP) and NLP 0.50% (basal diet + 0.50% NLP). Results showed that the body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were differed significantly (P&lt;0.05) among the treatment groups. Body weight and body weight gain were higher in antibiotic, NLP 0.25% and NLP 0.375% group compare to the NLP 0.50% group. Total feed intake was not different significantly (P&gt;0.05). Better (P&lt;0.05) FCR was observed in NLP 0.25% group as such as antibiotic group compare to the control and NLP 0.50% group. The results also showed that dressing parameters were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) different among the dietary groups. Serum glucose, triglyceride, GOT, GPT and cholesterol level were non-significant (P&gt;0.05) among the dietary groups. However, HDL was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in NLP 0.25% group compared to the control group. Higher profitability was found in NLP-0.25% group and antibiotic group when all the birds were sold at market price. It can be concluded that the addition of NLP to broiler diet had a positive effect on growth performances but no negative effect on dressing parameters and serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, NLP at the level of 0.25% increases HDL level and improve profitability. It can be suggested that neem leaf powder up to 0.375% could be potential feed additive in broiler diet.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (2): 114-122&#x0D;

Elution profile of cationic and anionic adsorbate from exhausted adsorbent using solvent desorption

Present invention involves to study the elution profile of anionic and cationic compounds from exhausted adsorbents using various eluents. Batch elution studies of anionic components like Congo Red dye and Carbonate ion; and cationic compounds such as Methylene blue dye and Cadmium metal from previously used naturally prepared adsorbents i.e. Gulmohar (Delonix regia) leaf powder—GLP; and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder—NLP and their derivatives were conducted. Different eluents used for batch study were various acids and alkaline solution having various concentration and solvents having different functional groups in seven sorption–desorption cycles. The batch data were accessed by kinetic models (Pseudo First-, Pseudo Second-order, Intra-particle and Elovic equation). Column elution experiments of Congo red and Cadmium from NLP and activated charcoal from NLP (AC-NLP) respectively was performed using selected eluent. Sorption and elution process plots and parameters and life cycle plots for seven sorption–desorption cycles were evaluated and discussed. From desorption efficiencies, it revealed that desorption exploration is predominately depends upon pH factor.

Role of botanical leaves powder in blood hematology of living organisms

The current study was directed to examined the two excellent herbal plants Azadirachta indica and Moringa oliefera leaf powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance in terms of (FC, LWW, BWG, FCR and mortality rate), blood biochemistry (WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, LYM, GRA, MID and HCT) and carcass characters weight performance (Carcass Components, Yield of Main Carcass Parts (%), Giblets weight (%) and visceral organs weight (g). Feed conversion ratio measured is significantly (p < 0.05) different in treated groups and in the control group. Highest FCR was recorded in control group as compared to supplementary groups. Low FCR recorded in treated groups show significant (p < 0.05) results. The CBC analysis of the supplementary treatments and the control group show significant (p < 0.05) differences in WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, GRA and LYM. Treated groups had higher concentration of these parameters than the control groups but non-significant results obtained in terms of HGB, MID and in HCT concentrations. Carcass Characters show significant (p < 0.05) differences in the Carcass Components, Giblets Weight and in Visceral Organs Weight in supplementary treated groups as compared to control group.

Evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder for Assessing Gustatory Function and Comparison with Other Tastants

Aims: Azadirachta indica (meliacea), popularly known as neem has extreme bitter taste however it has high medicinal properties. The study aimed to use the bitterness property of neem leaf powder to assess the bitter taste along with other tastants and to check reliability of this newly introduced method.&#x0D; Materials and methods: 60 healthy subjects were recruited in the present study. Bitter, sweet, salt, sour and umami taste solutions are prepared in three different concentrations. Gustatory recognition threshold was recorded against each concentration of five tastants solutions.&#x0D; Results: A significant difference in the first concentration (.003) of neem between all age groups (p=0.026) but no significant difference in the second and third concentrations were observed. Males have higher gustatory recognition threshold in almost all levels of taste parameters. However, medium and higher concentrations of neem have no significant gender wise difference. An acceptable level of reliability was found in the test retest method conducted in a two week interval.&#x0D; Conclusion: The neem leaf powder solution can be used for bitter taste assessment, is reliable, and can be safely used in the clinical setting.

Effects of Azadirachta indica leaf power supplementation on growth and survival of fish Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerlings

Neem is used to control the parasites. If Neem give to fish in feed with other ingredients it will increase survival rate and growth of the fishes. The present study was aimed to address the possible evaluation of Azadirachta indica leaf powder (5%) as a supplemented diet on fish fingerlings with other ingredients mustard oil cake and Maize as compared to control diet without neem leaf powder feed. In this, collection of ingredients and mixed with proper ration, then formulated feed by the help of Pearson's square method, made Suitable pallet size of feed, then proper drying and given to fish twice a day in proper time. The result of this experiment neem leaf powder feed given more growth (3-18g) and survival rate (84%) in compared to control diet growth (3-14g)and survival (78%). Azadirachta indica feed are more effective compare normal other ingredients feed,neem feed are enhance immunity of the fish fingerlings.

Central composite design optimization of copper (ii) ions removal in aqueous solution using azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder

Biosorption is considered as a potential method for the removal of heavy toxic metals from waste solution and as alternative to other conventional process such as precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment and evaporative recovery, especially, when the concentration of the heavy metal ion is low. In the present study, (Azadirachta indica) neem leaves Powder (NLP), was investigated for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution based on modelling and optimization. Central composite design was successfully applied to develop a response surface to optimize medium conditions. Characterisations of the NLP was conducted, and the effects of contact time (0-180 minutes), Cu(II) ion concentration (10(298-318 K) and dosage (0.52.5 g/L) were studied in batch process. The optimal adsorption of copper obtained was found to be 308 K, 97.5min and 1.5g respectively resulting in 100% of adsorption of copper The analysis with FTIR indicated thyat possible hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups are involved in metal CU(II) ions biosorption. Adsorption isotherms were modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, with the former providing a better fit for the data. Results obtained from this study indicate that NLP is a very promising candidate for the low-cost and high-capacity removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder as Phytogenic Feed Additives Improves the Production Performance, and Immune Organ Indices of Broiler Chickens

Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder as Phytogenic Feed Additives Improves the Production Performance, and Immune Organ Indices of Broiler Chickens