Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Research Articles

Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds Present in Guduchyadi Kashaya Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

The utilization of various contemporary analytical methods has become indispensable when it comes to assessing polyherbal Ayurvedic formulations, aiming to ensure their quality, safety, and effectiveness. Quality control of herbal medicines involve analytical evaluation using instrumental techniques such as TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS and spectrophotometer etc. Among them Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a powerful hyphenated analytical technique that combines the separating power of liquid chromatography with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. Generally, its application is oriented towards the specific detection and potential identification of chemicals in a complex mixture. Polyphenolic compounds are usually referred to as a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds containing multiple phenolic functionalities. The anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antiproliferative, and antioxidant like biological properties of phenolic compounds have been described in several studies. This research study was taken to analyse polyphenolic compounds in Guduchyadi kashaya by LC-MS/MS. Phenolic compounds are abundant in the ingredients of Guduchyadi kashaya, as evidenced by previous studies. So, to determine the polyphenolic contents of Guduchyadi kashaya, this study was conducted. The quantification of the polyphenols was carried out on Shimadzu Shim Pack GISS C18 column with .1%formic acid as mobile phase. A total of 28 polyphenolic compounds were analysed, and 24 of these compounds were found to be present in Guduchyadi kashaya. The results showed that the phenolic compounds present in the ingredients were also present in the formulation in high abundance.

Ayush Kwath: A Major Contribution of Ayurveda in Preventing COVID- 19 Infection

Background: Ayush Kwath is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (PHF) of dry Tulsi leaves, Cinnamon bark, Sunthi rhizome, and black pepper fruit. Methods: This PHF contain phytochemicals that help in boosting immunity; hence, it is suggested as a preventive measure against the coronavirus. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medicine system that offers treatment for various diseases with the help of herbal, animal, or mineral-based formulations. Currently, the entire globe is facing the challenge of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) that belongs to a large family of coronaviruses. Results: Most people who are affected by this virus experience mild to moderate symptoms of pneumonia, but older people or those with weakened immune systems, for example, those suffering from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic respiratory diseases, are more likely to develop serious respiratory illnesses. As there is no registered medicine against COVID-19, strengthening the immune system is an effective way to tackle this disease. Conclusion: Ayush Kwath, a natural immunity booster, has been approved by the Ministry of AYUSH as a prophylactic measure to fight against novel coronavirus infection.

Udgharshana (an Ayurvedic therapeutic intervention) in improving vibration perception threshold in diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy: An observation

Diabetic Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy (DSPN), affects the sensation of vibration, a major risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers that raises the likelihood of lower limb amputation among the diabetic population. The effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches in its management is limited, necessitating exploring alternative therapy approaches. A 61-year-old female, a known Type 2 Diabetic for five years, presented with complaints of numbness and tingling sensation in bilateral lower limbs below the knee joint associated with aching pain in the bilateral foot region for the last two years. On assessment, she was found to be positive on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument that indicates the probable diagnosis of diabetic DSPN. The patient was treated with an Ayurvedic topical therapeutic intervention, Udgharshana (~therapeutic coarse powder massage) with a combination of Triphala (~a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation) powder and Dhanyamla (~fermented sour liquid prepared from gruel of husked grains). Improvement in clinical features was observed on Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 and in Semmes-Weinstein monofilament reading in the bilateral foot (right 7/10 vs. 9/10 and left 7/10-10/10). The intervention also improved the vibration perception threshold bilaterally (right 31.5V vs. 20.1V; left 30.5V vs. 22.8V). Inferring the observations, it is suggested that early disease management of diabetic DSPN with Ayurveda might arrest further disease progression and help in reversing the pathogenesis, with a positive effect on improving vibration perception threshold.

HPTLC Method Development and quantification of marker compound Gallic acid and Piperine in Ayurvedic Polyherbal formulations: Avipattikar Churna

Ayurvedic medications are becoming more and more well-liked and accepted globally because they are inexpensive and have no negative side effects. There is a chance that original medications will be adulterated with substances that chemically or physically mimic raw pharmaceuticals because of the increasing demand for herbal raw materials for the production of various classical as well as phytoformulation. Avipattikar Churna is an excellent Ayurvedic formulation for treating health issues resulting from an imbalance of Pitta dosha, such as acidity, heartburn, and indigestion. These issues might arise from bad eating habits, a sedentary lifestyle, or a lack of physical activity. Avipattikar Churna is also beneficial for ailments affecting the digestive and excretory systems' ability to operate normally. It counteracts the gastrointestinal tract's acid secretion and encourages the synthesis of digestive enzymes, which facilitate food absorption. Acid dyspepsia, often known as indigestion, is a condition marked by burning and sour vomit, nausea, heartburn (retrosternal burning), and burning in the throat. Avipattikar Churna is beneficial in treating these symptoms. The standardisation process, which can be carried out using a variety of methods and advanced techniques, conforms the identity, quality, and purity of herbal pharmaceuticals. The HPTLC method is superior to other methods since it may be used with herbal medications and is inexpensive, simple to use, and repeatable. For the purpose of evaluating the quality of Avipattikar Churna and identifying any changes made to the drug's composition, an HPTLC method has been devised. The existence and quantity of the marker compound in the sample are confirmed by the overlap of all relevant spectra with the marker. A gramme of Avipattikar Churna (AVC) methanolic extract contained 2.51 mg of piperine and 2.70 mg of gallic acid, the marker compounds.

Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation in Laboratory Animals

Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation in Laboratory Animals

Antimicrobial evaluation of Pathyashadangam kwath, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Pathyashadangam kwath, a polyherbal formulation prepared from pathya, aksa, dhatri, bhunimba, nisa, nimba and amrita has been prescribed by Ayurveda physicians from time immemorial for the treatment of multitude of diseases including upper respiratory tract infections. A number of secondary metabolites isolated from ingredients of the kwath have been reported to have antimicrobial properties. But no reports on antimicrobial evaluation of the formulation is available as on date. Hence an effort has been made to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Pathyashadangam kwath against specific microbes.Three batches of Pathyashadangam kwath were prepared, following the standard procedures described in the kwatha vidhi of Sarngadhara Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text. Pure cultures of Gram-positive bacteria namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gram - negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica typhimurium and fungal strain Candida albicans were procured from MTCC Chandigarh. Antimicrobial evaluation of the formulation was done by agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration by Resazurin based micro titer dilution assay.Antimicrobial assays revealed that the kwath has substantial antimicrobial potential against all the three Gram positive bacteria and yeast strain, Candida albicans and moderate activity against Gram negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica typhimurium were found to be resistant to the tested dose of kwath. Resazurin based microtitre dilution assay revealed that low concentrations of Pathyashadangam kwath could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, but higher concentrations were required to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria.From the study it was concluded that Pathyashadangam kwath has significant antimicrobial potential which contributes to its therapeutic efficacy.

A Phytochemical study of Bodhivriksha Twaka

Abstract: Bodhivriksha is an important drug described in detail in Ayurvedic classical texts. Ashwatha, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is used for the treatment of Rakatpitta Vikaras, Neelameha, Kaphavikaras, Vatrakta and Yoni Doshas. Ashwatha is used in the form of both single drug and compound formulations. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroid, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening of extracts of Twaka of Bodhivriksha. Study has been shown that this medicinal plant can be used as pharmaceutical adjuvants in the formulation of various dosage forms.

Standardisation of Vilwadi Leha - A Process Validation Based on Total Solid Method

Standardisation can be defined as a process of enforcing a level of consistency or uniformity in pharmaceutical preparations which are operated within the selected environment. Vilwadileha is a well-known Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used for the management of various diseases such as Chardi, Arochaka, Praseka, Agnimandhya etc. It is described in Sahasrayoga leha prakarana. Aim: The objective was to develop the standard manufacturing procedure (SMP) and quality standards of Vilwadi leha based on total solid method. Total soluble solids content of a solution is determined by the index of refraction using either hand refractometer or Abbe refractometer. Brix is the term used when a refractometer equipped with scale, measures total soluble solids of a pure aqueous sucrose solution by the aid of refractive indices at 20°C and percentage by mass. Materials and methods: In present work, VL was prepared in three batches as per standard guidelines mentioned in AFI Vol 2. Results: Samyak leha paka lakshanas observed was compared with brix value and fix the brix value of VL prepared in 3 Batches. It took 10.40hr to completion of preparation. Conclusion: The current study opens a new concept to standardise Avaleha. This is a trial work to standardise the Leha paka with total solids analysis method or brix value. Brix for each preparation may differ based on sucrose concentration. It was found that Leha prepared with TS between 75 and 77 had parameters similar to Samyak Leha paka. Attempts were also made to develop analytical profile of final product.

Phytochemical cocktail of Asanadi ganaextract in the management of diabetes.

It is of interest to investigate that the phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant potential and glycosidase inhibitory potential of Asanadi ganaa polyherbal formulation. Asanadi ganais a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, markedly used for alleviation of Prameha and Medodosha, which correlates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (madhumeha). The phytochemical constituents, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and free radical scavenging activity of the polyherbal formulation extracts were determined. Comparing it to the common medication Acarbose, its inhibitory impact against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase was also examined. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as terpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, saponins, alkaloids and Glycosides. The ethanol extract had high phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas the aqueous extract had more tannin content (181 ± 5.5µg/mg), (132 ± 5.50 µg/mg), (22± 1.6 µg/mg respectively. we conclude that the extracts of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, particularly ethanol extract are a potential source of natural antioxidants and remarkable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Hence, Asanadi ganahas the potential to be a safe and effective natural treatment for the delay or prevention of diabetic complications.

An Overview of Triphala Guggulu and its Ingredients

Triphala Guggulu, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation, is among the most significant and frequently used Guggulu Kalpana. Numerous references for preparing this formulation have been mentioned in various classical texts. It has been discussed under ‘Vranashotha’ and ‘Vidradhi’ rogadhikar in Chakradutt and Yogratnakar respectively. ‘Triphala Guggulu’ presnted in this article is mentioned in the Sharangdhara Samhita under ‘Vati Kalpana’. As the name itself suggests, this preparation contains Triphala and Guggulu as the main ingredient along with Pippali. It contains Guggulu in greater proportion than the other ingredients, much like any other Guggulu Kalpas. Triphala Guggulu is frequently used in the treatment of Shotha, Arsha, Bhagandara, Gulma, Vrana, and other ailments. It can also be used as a hypolipidemic drug on its own or in conjunction with other formulations. Several studies and experiments have also demonstrated its efficacy in atherosclerosis, coronary and arterial plaque, and elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. Thus, this article takes the approach of reviewing the experimental research work done on Triphala Guggulu as well as covers the pharmacological action of its ingredients.

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Chiruvilwadi Kashayam is a polyherbal Classical formulation mentioned in the text book ‘Sahasrayoga’, commonly used for the management of piles, it also cures the associated symptoms like constipation, indigestion, flatulence and anorexia. It is prepared out of six medicinal plants namely Chiruvilwa (Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.) Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa L.) Pippali (Piper longum L.) Sunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.). Inadequate standardization of polyherbal formulations causes difficulty in validation of the efficacy and maintaining quality of the product. Hence an attempt has been made to standardize the quality parameters of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam by determining the primary qualitative phytochemical, physiochemical parameters and to develop TLC fingerprints. The primary phytochemicals like carbohydrates, sugar, reducing sugar, glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, alkaloid, tannin and coumarin were found in the kashayam. The data obtained in the present study will help as a reference document to maintain the quality standards of the formulation.

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Multi-Mechanistic and Therapeutic Exploration of Nephroprotective Effect of Traditional Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.

Based on traditional therapeutic claims, NEERI KFT (a traditional Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation) has been innovatively developed in recent time on the decades of experience for treating kidney dysfunction. Due to the lack of scientific evidence, the present investigations are needed to support the rationale use of NEERI KFT. Considering the facts, the study investigated the nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT against kidney dysfunction using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In this study, phytochemical and network pharmacology studies were performed for the developed formulation to evaluate the molecular mechanism of NEERI KFT in the amelioration of kidney disease. In vitro nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of NEERI KFT was determined on HEK 293 cells against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. In vivo nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT was determined against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats, via assessing biochemical markers, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3, etc. The results showed that the compounds such as gallic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are the major constituents of NEERI KFT, while network pharmacology analysis indicated a strong interaction between polyphenols and several genes (CASPs, ILs, AGTR1, AKT, ACE2, SOD1, etc.) involved in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. In vivo studies showed a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorative effect on biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), and regulates inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3) expression in kidney tissue. Hence, it can be concluded that NEERI KFT subsequently alleviates renal dysfunction mediated by cisplatin via attenuating oxidative and inflammatory stress, thus preserving the normalcy of kidney function.

Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of Jeevantyadi Avaleha: A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation

Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of Jeevantyadi Avaleha: A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation

HPTLC method development and quantification of marker compound eugenol in ayurvedic polyherbal formulations: Avipattikar churna

The popularity and acceptance of ayurveda drugs are increasing day by day worldwide due to their low cost and no side effects. Due to high demand of herbal raw materials for the manufacturing of different classical as well as phytoformulation there is scope for adulteration of original drugs with chemically or physically resemble raw drugs. Standardization process conforms the identity, quality and purity of herbal drugs, which can be done by different procedures and by using sophisticated techniques. HPTLC method has advantages over other techniques due to its suitability for herbal drugs, low cost, reproducibility and it is easy to operate as well. An HPTLC method has been developed for the quality testing of Avipattikar churna (AVC) and to discriminate any kind of alteration in drugs composition.

Antimicrobial activity of sugar based semisolid polyherbal ayurvedic formulation: Chyawanprash

Antimicrobial activity of sugar based semisolid polyherbal ayurvedic formulation: Chyawanprash

Pharmaceutical standardization of Amrita Bhallataka Rasayana: A compound polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation

Pharmaceutical standardization of Amrita Bhallataka Rasayana: A compound polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation

Development of quality control parameters for classical ayurvedic formulation: Vyoshadi Churna

Introduction: Ayurvedic formulations have a long history of use and have increased amazingly to follow the global interest in natural products. However, for many classical ayurvedic formulations, no quality parameters of standardization are available. Vyoshadi Churna, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation that cures indigestion and diarrhea, is being used since ancient times. However, there is no standard method available for its formulation and evaluation. Hence, the current study aims to develop the quality standards for Vyoshadi churna. Methods: The standard procedures for preparation and standardization of Churna described in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) were used in the present study. Standardization includes pharmacognostical, chromatographic, and physico-chemical studies. The other essential studies were also done in accordance to API and World Health Organization guidelines to find the limits of microbial load, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and pesticide residue using modern analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MS) and inductively coupled plasma-MS/MS. Results: Vyoshadi Churna is of brown color and bitter in taste. Pharmacognostical studies have shown the characteristic features of almost each contributory crude drug. A unique chemical profile was also developed using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (4:4:1:0.5) as the mobile phase to resolve maximum components. Furthermore, the standardized limits for the physicochemical studies, microbial load, heavy metals, aflatoxins, and pesticide residues were established and found in limits. Conclusion: This is for the first time when the standard operating procedure of Vyoshadi Churna was developed. Hence, the current technical work would be practically helpful for the future preparation and standardization study of Vyoshadi Churna.

Phytochemical analysis of chitraka granthikadi kashaya—an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Background: Chromatographic fingerprinting of herbal formulations is a useful tool for explaining the scientific background and to develop a more targeted treatment methodology. Thus, this study has undertaken to report the characteristic parameters of chitraka granthikadi kashaya an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation to validate its quality. Materials and Methods: The root of Shodhita (purified) Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) and Eranda (Ricinus communis L.), dried rhizome of Shunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), fruit of Pippali (Piper longum L.), and Saindhava lavana (Rock salt) were the ingredients of chitraka granthikadi kashaya. The Kwatha (medicated decoction) was prepared and evaluated for its phytochemical parameters and thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatography parameters in accordance with the standard methods. Results: The phytochemical screening, GC–MS study, and TLC of the formulation reported the presence of 13 potential bioactive compounds. The action of these compounds based on the available literature has given a close similarity with the therapeutic action of the formulation. Conclusion: The presence of 13 bioactive compounds was found in this formulation with different peak values. Major compounds present are piperine, B-sitosterol, geranyl isovalarate, hexacosane, etc. Few compounds were very minimal and even no sufficient literature data available for them.

Polyherbal decoction modulates redox homeostasis during Malachite green induced metabolic stress in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>

Malachite green (MG) is aquatic pollutant that induces oxidative stress when comes in contact with the living organisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MG produces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and these ROS disturb redox homeostasis and cellular functions leading to early cell death. Exogenous supply of natural antioxidants containing polyherbal decoction may play a crucial role in re-establishment of redox homeostasis by ensuring the cell survival. Exposure of MG to Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a significant decrease (97.8%) in colony forming units (CFU). An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation ‘Vayasthapana Rasayana’ (VR) which contains natural antioxidants from plants viz. Terminalia chebula, Clitoria ternatea, Boerhaavia diffusa, Centella asiatica, Phyllanthus emblica, Asparagus racemossus and Tinospora cordifolia at 1.0 mg/mL concentration could arrest the oxidative stress during MG exposure. Levels of ROS elevated up to 67.3% on MG exposure; while VR supplementation reduced it by 54.7%. MG induced cellular apoptosis in 38% and necrosis in 27% cells, while VR augmentation reduced it to 8%. Activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in MG exposed cells were induced by 408, 144 and 140%, respectively, whereas, VR supplementation lowered the expressions to 102, 57 and 111%, respectively. Induction in caspases 3/7 activity was also found to be reduced by 65.39% after VR augmentation. Similarly, VR modulated activities of oxido-reductases like lignin peroxidase, laccase, NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase. VR supplementation also maintained the MG utilization potential of S. cerevisiae up to 20th exposure cycle which was otherwise arrested to 8th cycle. The treatment also decreased the ROS accumulation and nuclear damage, restoring the cell viability up to 94% and retained normal growth dynamics. Thus, VR supplementation could significantly decrease oxidative stress, enhance cell viability and ultimately protect the dying S. cerevisiae cells during MG exposure.