Away From Home Research Articles

HOW DOES U.S. REDUCE THE FOOD WASTE BY PREDICTING FOOD AWAY FROM HOME AND FOOD AT HOME?

This study examines the relationship among consumer confidence, food away from home (FAFH) and food at home (FAH) in the U.S. to figure out the high potential food sector for reducing food waste. Specifically, this paper uses the monthly data from January 2010 to December 2020 and the threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) for the analysis. Our test results of Johansen cointegration and threshold cointegration show that pairs of consumer confidence–FAFH and consumer confidence–FAH have a nonlinear long-run relationship. According to TVECM results, consumer confidence has a positive long-run Granger causation on FAFH approximately 93% (regimes 2 and 3), and on FAH over 5.4% (regime 3). About 7% of periods (regime 1) not included for a long-run Granger causation of consumer confidence on FAFH, and 5.4% period on FAH pertain to the COVID-19 period. Therefore, we conclude that a positive long-run Granger causation of consumer confidence on food consumption in the U.S. exists only in the FAFH. Based on our results, the policy implication is that the U.S. should focus on the FAFH to reduce food waste by predicting food demand to manage food stock.

The association between frequency of away-from home meals and type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural Chinese adults: the Henan Rural Cohort Study.

There is a paucity of data on the association between away-from home meals (AFHs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the dose-response relationship between AFHs and T2DM in a Chinese population. A total of 29,910 participants were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Information on the weekly frequency of AFHs was collected by face-to-face questionnaires. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the relationship between the frequencies of AFHs and T2DM. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to the frequency of AFH-related T2DM. Compared with those who reported 0 AFHs per week, those who consumed ≥ 11 AFHs/week were associated with a 39% increase in the prevalence of T2DM. A nonlinear dose-response relationship between the frequency of AFHs and T2DM was found. Compared with the 0 AFHs/week group, in males, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the groups with 11 or more AFHs/week for T2DM were 1.36 (1.01-1.84). However, no such association was found in females. BMI partly mediated the effects of the frequency of AFHs on T2DM, and the proportion explained was 23.4%. A relationship between the frequency of AFHs and T2DM was observed in the rural Chinese population. An excessive frequency of AFHs was likely to increase the prevalence of T2DM. Meanwhile, BMI partially mediates the effects of the frequency of AFHs on T2DM. The Henan Rural Cohort Study, ChiCTR-OOC-15006699, Registered 6 July 2015, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375 .

A conceptual and empirical framework to analyze the economics of consumer food waste

We develop a microeconomic model to understand food waste of consumers. We capture at-home and away-from home food consumption and distinguish between food purchases and food consumption. We allow the consumer to choose the rate of food waste at home optimally to maximize her utility. We show that consumer purchases can decline or increase with a cut in the rate of consumer waste, depending on the elasticity of food demand. Using the UK data for poultry in 2012, we also show a case where for a price elastic demand food consumption increases with a reduction in the food waste rate, but food purchases (retail sales) increase.

The potential water-food-health nexus in urban China: A comparative study on dietary changes at home and away from home

In China, urbanization strengthens the water-food-health nexus by driving dietary changes both at home and away from home (AFH). However, few studies have compared the effects of dining location on water footprint generation and/or linked such habits to the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer. Here, household survey data were used to develop a multiple-component urbanization sequence, on which the diet-related water footprint was quantified and the mechanisms under the water-food-health nexus were explored. Significant dietary changes due to urbanization have occurred at home (instead of AHF), and increases or decreases in various food groups are stratified across dining locations. Log mean Divisia index decomposition shows that the diet-structure effect outweighing the intake effect dominates the water footprint changes during China's urbanization. Animal products contribute 92(94)% of the diet-structure effect on net water footprint growth at home(AFH); in contrast, vegetal foods dominate the intake effect, contributing 67(49)%. The at-home water footprint ratio of animal products to vegetal foods is highly related to the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and asthma, and reaching statistical significance. Two urbanization components, namely housing situation and community diversity, serve as the key drivers of water-food-health nexus enhancement in urbanized China. Due to the complexity of water-food-health links, nexus thinking is needed to benefit human health and diet-related water consumption; besides, it may be reasonable to expand current dimension of food-energy-water nexus topic to include health issues.

Climatic burden of eating at home against away-from-home: A novel Bayesian Belief Network model for the mechanism of eating-out in urban China

Dietary patterns of eating away-from-home (AFH) considerably differ from those of eating at home in urban China, thus generating varied carbon footprints. However, few studies have investigated the effect of eating places on diet-related climatic burden, and few have modelled the mechanism under the condition of eating-out because the decision of consumers on whether to eat AFH or at home is determined by multiple non-linear socioeconomic factors. Here, we compared the carbon footprints of eating at home and AFH using household survey data from 12 Chinese provinces, and developed a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model to identify key factors of eating AFH. Our findings show that eating AFH leads to higher climatic burdens though respondents consume less food on average than when eating at home. However, in urban areas, the carbon footprint generated increases more rapidly from eating at-home than when eating AFH. The BBN model was found to have strong capability to predict the possibility of eating out with an accuracy of 89%. Although diet patterns and embedded carbon footprint vary considerably across provinces from northeastern to southwestern China, sufficient evidence could not be found to support the influence of geographic factors on the decision of respondents to eat AFH at large scale. Instead, individual occupation and income were found to be the two key contributors. Thus, merely estimating the carbon footprint of food consumption is currently not sufficient, but social and economic elements need to be quantitatively considered to differentiate the eating-place effect on diet-related climatic burden.

Grocery Stores Are Not Associated with More Healthful Food for Participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

BackgroundDespite interventions to improve the nutrition of grocery store purchases, also referred to as at-home (AH) foods, by participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP), little is known about what proportion of participants’ intake is from AH foods and how the dietary quality of AH food compares with participants’ away-from-home (AFH) food. Although recent research indicates SNAP participants have dietary quality that is slightly worse than that of income-eligible nonparticipants, it is unknown whether this is attributable to AH or AFH consumption. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine differences in self-reported dietary intake by food source for SNAP participants compared with income-eligible nonparticipants using 2011-2014 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DesignThis study included data from the NHANES, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the United States population. Study participantsThis study included 2,523 adults with low incomes (≤130% of the federal poverty level) in NHANES (2011-2014). Main outcome measuresSelf-reported intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was assessed by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. Statistical analysisMultivariate linear regression was used for each outcome, controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Data were stratified by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food. ResultsSNAP participants had a higher intake of solid fats and added sugar from AH foods than nonparticipants. Added sugar from AH food accounted for 15.3% of total calories consumed by SNAP participants, compared with 11.8% for nonparticipants (P<0.001). SNAP participants consumed fewer calories from sit-down restaurants, but both groups consumed similar amounts of calories from fast food. Consumption of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was low for both groups. ConclusionsSNAP participants had poorer diet quality from consumption of AH food than did nonparticipants. Future research should focus on interventions to improve the healthfulness of grocery store purchases as a mechanism to improve dietary quality of SNAP participants.

Breakfast Habits and Diet Quality in Economically Diverse African American and White Adults

Both skipping breakfast and away-from-home (AFH) food consumption can influence diet quality. This study compared diet quality when breakfasts were eaten at home, eaten AFH, or skipped among adults (aged 32-70 years; 59% female, 62% African American) in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study who completed two 24-hour recalls (n = 2140). Individuals who ate breakfast at home had the highest diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2010 score). Persons who ate breakfast AFH or skipped breakfast had diet quality scores that were 3.98 and 4.62 points lower. Dietitians could promote more at-home meals as an effective strategy to improve the diet quality for Americans' breakfast.

Young Seafarers on Board International Vessels: What Life Has Been

Special project cadets are exposed to various experiences as they embark onboardinternational vessels during their on the-Job Training for 12 months. With theaim of getting authentic information relative to their actual lived experiences awayfrom home, this descriptive study sought to determine the problems encountered by company scholars and their coping strategies particularly at work and in their social interaction with their fellow crew. A survey questionnaire and an interviewguide were employed in gathering data. Forty-seven (47) Engine cadets of a groupof shipowners and a particular shipping company who have returned from their12-month apprenticeship revealed that they learned appropriate work valuessuch as flexibility and adaptability, patience and self-control, humility, resilience, stronger sense of responsibility, discipline and perseverance. Vulnerability todifficult situations, homesickness, and mismatched task assignments wereprevailing problems among the cadets. It is recommended that clear measuresmust be done to address issues on discrimination, abuse by authority, emotionaland physical harassment, excessive workloads, and unpaid overtime which havebeen partially revealed in this study. A feedback mechanism is also suggestedfor shipping companies to allow returning cadets to reveal the quality of theirexperiences for the purpose of ensuring a fair and honest management of crewin their fleets.Keywords: Social sciences, seafaring industry, maritime students, On-the-Job Training,descriptive design, Philippines

Away from home meals: associations with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake in American adults, NHANES 2005-2010.

BackgroundAway from home (AFH) meals are known to be energy-dense and of poor diet quality. Both direct and indirect exposure (e.g., neighborhood restaurant density) to AFH meals have been implicated as contributors to higher body weight and adverse health outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association of frequency of eating AFH and fast-food meals with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake.DesignThis cross-sectional study used frequency of AFH and fast-food meal and biomarker data from the NHANES 2005-2010. Information on weekly frequency of AFH and fast-food meals was collected via questionnaire during the household interview. The metabolic biomarkers examined included BMI, serum cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), triglycerides, glycohemoglobin, and fasting glucose (n=8314, age ≥20, NHANES 2007-2010). Biomarkers of dietary exposure included serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, E, C, B-6, B-12, folate, and carotenoids (n=4162; 2005-2006). Multiple linear and logistic regression methods adjusted for complex survey methodology and covariates.ResultsAmerican adults reported a mean of 3.9 (95% CI 3.7, 4.0) AFH and 1.8 (1.6, 1.9) fast-food meals/week. Over 50% of adults reported ≥3 AFH and >35% reported ≥2 fast-food meals/week. Mean BMI of more frequent AFH or fast-food meal reporters was higher (Ptrend≤0.0004). Serum concentrations of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were related inversely with frequency of AFH meals (P<0.05). Frequency of fast-food meals and serum HDL-cholesterol were also related inversely (P=0.0001). Serum concentrations of all examined micronutrients (except vitamin A and lycopene) declined with increasing frequency of AFH meals (P<0.05); women and ≥50 y olds were at higher risk.ConclusionsReporters of frequent AFH and fast-food meals had higher BMI and lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol; but profiles of other biomarkers did not indicate higher metabolic risk. However, the serum concentrations of nutrients with mostly plant foods as sources declined with increasing AFH meal frequency.

Location influences snacking patterns of U.S. toddler and preschoolers: results from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2008 (252.4)

Snacking patterns according to location were assessed among children from FITS, 2008. Dietary intake interviews (24‐hr recalls) were conducted by telephone with parents or primary caregivers of toddlers 12‐23 months (n=925), and preschoolers 24‐47 months (n=1,461). Parents or caregivers self‐defined snacks and location of snacking occasions. More children consumed snacks at home (AtH) than away from home (AwH) (toddlers, 73% vs 27%; preschoolers, 67% vs 33%). Mean intake of calories from snacks consumed AwH was higher than that consumed AtH differing by ~50 calories between the two locations for toddlers (346 vs 298 kcal/d, p&lt;0.05) and for preschoolers (371 vs 326 kcal/d, p&lt;0.05). While the contribution of snacks to TEI was not different between the two locations among toddlers (26.6% vs 27.6%), snacks consumed AwH contributed more to TEI (28.2%) than those consumed AtH (25.0%) among preschoolers (p&lt;0.05). Snack choices were similar for toddlers and preschoolers (milk and milk products, fruit/juice, grains and sweets), but differed in frequency of consumption by location. Among toddlers, milk and milk products were the most frequently consumed snacks AtH (66%), while sweets were the top snacks consumed AwH (69%). Among preschoolers, sweets were the top snacks consumed both AtH (60%) and AwH (83%). FITS data show that location is an important factor influencing snacking patterns of young children.Grant Funding Source: Funded by Nestle

Resistant to the recession: low-income adults' maintenance of cooking and away-from-home eating behaviors during times of economic turbulence.

We examined the effects of state-level unemployment rates during the recession of 2008 on patterns of home food preparation and away-from-home (AFH) eating among low-income and minority populations. We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data on 118 635 adults aged 18 years or older who took part in the American Time Use Study. Multinomial logistic regression models stratified by gender were used to evaluate the associations between state-level unemployment, poverty, race/ethnicity, and time spent cooking, and log binomial regression was used to assess respondents' AFH consumption patterns. High state-level unemployment was associated with only trivial increases in respondents' cooking patterns and virtually no change in their AFH eating patterns. Low-income and racial/ethnic minority groups were not disproportionately affected by the recession. Even during a major economic downturn, US adults are resistant to food-related behavior change. More work is needed to understand whether this reluctance to change is attributable to time limits, lack of knowledge or skill related to food preparation, or lack of access to fresh produce and raw ingredients.

Mementos of Place: Souvenir Purchases at the Bridgetown Cruise Terminal in Barbados

As cultural artifacts, souvenirs can serve as mementos of place for the purchasers. Shopping for a souvenir is a cruise tourism activity, both on board and during port calls. tourists like to take home a reminder of their trip and portray different shopping behaviors when they are away from home. In addition to shopping for a memento of the trip tourists also purchase gifts for family and friends, influenced by the nature and availability of goods and how they are presented. this article contributes a new perspective on tourist shopping by examining purchase intentions, the role of retail atmospherics in the purchase decision, and purchases made by cruise visitors at the shopping precinct in the Bridgetown Cruise terminal in Barbados. A survey of 178 cruise visitors found that gender influences the souvenir purchase decision and that cruise tourists buy souvenirs based both on the nature of the item in terms of authenticity, size, weight, and quality and as a memento of place. further, it was found that high-quality window displays and location are key factors in the decision to enter retail premises. the souvenir memento may be purchased by a visitor for himself or herself or a family or friend, fulfilling a personal need to mark the visit and remember the destination. this article offers recommendations to the industry about design and layout, also adding new information on the importance of gender in purchase decisions.

Comparison of dietary habits between migrant and local adolescents in Shenzhen, China.

It is estimated that the number of migrant adolescents in Chinese cities may have reached 25 million. However, little research has been conducted on their dietary habits. The objective of this study was to compare dietary habits between migrant and local adolescents in Shenzhen, China. A school based cross-sectional study was conducted in 3368 adolescents (aged 11-18 years; 52.5% boys). A self-administered questionnaire completed by adolescents was designed to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics, meal location, food pattern and intake. Of the 3368 adolescents, 58.2% were migrants. Compared with locals, migrant adolescents showed significantly higher percentage of having three meals away-from home. Nearly half of the subjects (45.6 %) skipped breakfast, with a higher proportion among migrant students (48.5 vs 41.5%). Migrant students consumed street food more frequently (12.2 vs 8.5%), while the difference was opposite in Western fast food intake (27.3 vs 32.5%). No significant difference was found in snacks intake between these two groups. Migrant students exhibited lower percentage of vegetables (57.3 vs 63.7%), fruits (27.7 vs 38.3%), meats (37.0 vs 44.3%), soybean (11.6 vs 17.5%) and dairy products (28.4 vs 42.5%) intake daily. After adjusted for socio-demographic confounders, the difference mentioned above still remained except Western fast food. Dietary habits among adolescents showed pronounced household variation. Migrant adolescents are more likely to exhibit unhealthy dietary behavior. Schools and families should collaborate to improve the dietary environment for adolescents, especially those from migrant families.

Emotional reinforcement as a protective factor for healthy eating in home settings

According to the literature, meals consumed at home are healthier than those consumed away from home (AFH), but reasons underlying this protective effect have not been fully understood. Emotional reinforcement of healthy eating patterns at home is examined as a putative contributing mechanism. This study examined expectations for within-individual emotional reinforcement of healthy eating at home, reflected in reports of 1) more intense positive and less intense negative affects after healthier meals than at baseline at home (and not in AFH settings) and 2) more intense positive and less intense negative affects reported before a meal being predictive of healthier meals than at baseline at home (and not in AFH settings). A total of 160 nonobese women reported their eating behavior and momentary emotional states every 2 h, 6 times/d over 10 observation days. We examined observations with meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner). The participants indicated how momentary eating patterns compared with their own baseline eating patterns (healthier, equal, or less healthy). Concurrent (after meal) and lagged (before meal) emotion scores were specified. At-home meals were followed by more intense positive emotions and less worry than were AFH meals. As expected, home meals that were healthier than a person's baseline meals were followed by more intense positive emotions, with a relation of opposite direction being observed in AFH settings. At home, more intense premeal positive emotions cued healthier next-meal eating patterns than did those at baseline, with no such relation being observed in AFH settings. The home is a privileged environment that nurtures healthy eating and in which healthier food choices trigger and are triggered by more positive emotions.

Mothers' Attitudes Toward Pasteurized and Sterilized, Aseptically Packaged Milks for Their Preschool Children

In 1995, 56 mothers whose children were enrolled in preschool programs in Athens, Georgia, completed a questionnaire regarding their attitudes about sterilized, aseptically packaged milk containers and their suitabilityfor children, their likingfor milk, and their children's likingfor milk. Mothers significantly preferred snack‐size (236.5 ml) containers of sterilized, aseptically packaged milkfor children during snacktime at home and awayfrom home. Mothers requested additional information regarding recyclability of the package, nutritional comparisons of sterilized, aseptically packaged milk to pasteurized milk, and processing procedures for sterilized, aseptically packaged milk. A majority of the mothers reported that their children likedflavored milk. Among theflavors, a majority chose chocolate to use mainly as a snack. No correlations were found between maternal reports and results from sensory tests with children for liking of milk. The mean hedonic score of the children's acceptance of milk was 87.1 on a scale of 0 to 100.

Socioeconomic factors associated with at-home and away-from home catfish consumption in the United States

Per capita seafood consumption, which has been increasing was 15.5 lbs. in 1987 compared to 10.3 lbs. in 1980. This increase occurred during a period of increasing aquaculture production, especially catfish. Per capita catfish consumption increased from .24 lb. in 1983 to .58 lb. in 1988. A nationwide household survey indicates catfish is the fifth most popular seafood item in the United States. A logit analysis was used to identify socioeconomic factors significantly influencing catfish consumption both at home and away from home. Race, religious preference, and household size are significant factors along with perceived regional availability.

FREQUENCY OF SOCIAL EVALUATION IN SELF-OBSERVED DAILY INTERACTIONS

This study evaluated the widely-held assumption that social evaluations (and especially negative feedback) are infrequent in daily interactions. Whereas previous investigations have asked about evaluative interactions using a one-sitting questionnaire format, this research requested undergraduates to self-observe, in a structured way, five different hours of social interaction and to report on sources and content of social feedback. Instances of evaluation were counted and judged as being positive or negative feedback. Participants reported an average of 2.6 evaluations per rated hour of interaction. Of the reports that were clearly classifiable as positive or negative feedback, an average of 61.4% were rated as positive. Students living at home with family members reported fewer instances of positive feedback (51.3%) than those living away from home (70.1%), and family members gave positive evaluations more infrequently (39.1%) than did friends (64.6%) and all other evaluators (66.2%). Limitations and implications of these findings are discussed briefly.

HOME OR AWAY: WHY DO QUALIFIED LEAVERS FROM SCOTTISH SCHOOLS MOVE AWAY FROM HOME?*

Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale GeografieVolume 69, Issue 4 p. 216-224 HOME OR AWAY: WHY DO QUALIFIED LEAVERS FROM SCOTTISH SCHOOLS MOVE AWAY FROM HOME?* R. K. BELDING, R. K. BELDING Canterbury, U.K. *Research fellow, Urban and Regional Studies Unit, University of Kent at Canterbury.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. HUTCHISON, D. A. HUTCHISON London, U.K. ***Principal statistician, National Children's Bureau, London (formerly lecturer in quantitative social science at the University of Kent at Canterbury).Search for more papers by this author R. K. BELDING, R. K. BELDING Canterbury, U.K. *Research fellow, Urban and Regional Studies Unit, University of Kent at Canterbury.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. HUTCHISON, D. A. HUTCHISON London, U.K. ***Principal statistician, National Children's Bureau, London (formerly lecturer in quantitative social science at the University of Kent at Canterbury).Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1978 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1978.tb00855.x † *The research reported here forms part of a project financed by the Social Science Research Council. The authors are grateful to their colleagues, particularly I. R. Gordon, C. G. Pickvance and W. B. Tyler, for comments on an earlier version of this paper. Its final form however is the responsibility of the authors alone and the views it expresses are theirs alone. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume69, Issue4August 1978Pages 216-224 RelatedInformation

Book Review Department : CHILDREN AWAY FROM HOME: A Sourcebook of Residential Treatment, James K. Whittaker and Albert E. Trieschman (ed.) Aldine-Atherton 1972. pp. 438, $12.95

Book Review Department : CHILDREN AWAY FROM HOME: A Sourcebook of Residential Treatment, James K. Whittaker and Albert E. Trieschman (ed.) Aldine-Atherton 1972. pp. 438, $12.95