Reproductive Health Awareness Research Articles

Beyond the margins: antenatal health and healthcare behaviours among homeless women in Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India

Abstract Despite high childbearing rates among homeless women in India, the antenatal health and healthcare behaviours among such population remain poorly understood. To address this research gap, a mixed-methods approach was employed in the present study, involving interviews with a sample of 400 women aged 15–49 years, utilising time and location sampling techniques. Additionally, a purposeful sample of 52 women from the same age group participated in in-depth interviews. The respondents exhibited rampant socio-economic backwardness, including chronic homelessness (36%), no formal education (54%), engagement in rag picking (31%), and low income levels. About 56% of the women reported poor self-rated health (SRH), notably higher among those aged 35 and above and those living alone (68%). Poor SRH was also prevalent among the ever married (61%), ragpickers (61%), beggars (62%), chronic homeless individuals (62%), tobacco (60%) and alcohol consumers (61%), and those with chronic diseases (61%). Common health issues included depression or anxiety (56%) and iron deficiency anaemia (35%). The level of unmet healthcare needs was 41%, with significant variation across diseases. Lack of reproductive health rights and awareness, socio-cultural beliefs, stigma, socio-economic poverty, poor quality of public healthcare services, irregularity in charity-run healthcare, and time constraints hindered antenatal care visits. The study underscores the urgent need for population-centric programmes and policies aimed at promoting reproductive health to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 of ‘Good health and wellbeing’ by 2030.

Experience of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among Jimma University students: a qualitative study

BackgroundAmong the limits of the university spirit are potential sexual and reproductive health issues. Sexual and reproductive health services are essential for assisting students in overcoming such challenges. However, according to many facility reports and research, students prefer private services and do not use them. Despite the difficulties, a few studies have been conducted on the experiences of Ethiopian University students. Thus, this study explored the experiences of Jimma University students who used sexual and reproductive health services.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological approach was conducted from January 22nd to March 2nd, 2019, among Jimma university students. In-depth interviews were carried out to explore the lived experiences of sexual and reproductive health service use. Students were chosen by a purposive sampling method and recruited using gatekeepers until the needed sample size was obtained and the data was theoretically saturated. Key informants required to present decent information for study objectives were selected purposefully. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach with the help of the ATLAS ti software package.ResultsEleven In-depth interviews and four key informant interviews were conducted. The study revealed seven overarching themes: sexual and reproductive health awareness and perception, problems, service delivery point preferences and practices, availability and accessibility, barriers to service utilization, handling mechanisms, and suggestions.ConclusionsOur study recognized positive and negative experiences of sexual health service use among Jimma University students. These findings suggested planning a comprehensive intervention that addresses the identified challenges and problems to improve students’ sexual and reproductive health services.

Determination of Nursing Students' Levels of Knowledge in Sexual Health/Reproductive Health during Emergency Status and Influencing Factors

Aim: The aim is to determine nursing students' sexual/reproductive health knowledge levels and affecting factors in extraordinary situations. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 356 nursing students between November-December 2023 at ……. University of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Data were collected through a survey including the Introductory Information Form and the Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge Scale in Emergencies (SRHKSE). Results: The mean age of nursing students was 20.53±2.57. The average score on the SRHKSE was 84.90±7.91. The sub-dimensions of the SRHKSE revealed the following average scores: women's health empowerment 46.17±4.72, material supply for implementing the minimum initial service package in emergencies 17.79±2.42, basic knowledge of the minimum initial service package in emergencies 10.07±1.27, and strategy and education for the minimum initial service package in emergencies 10.87±1.72. Nursing students who were female, in their 3rd year, had income exceeding expenses, had mothers with primary/secondary education, and had knowledge in reproductive and sexual health showed significantly higher SRHKSE scores (p<.001). Conclusion: In our study, nursing students exhibited high levels of knowledge in sexual and reproductive health during emergency status. The levels of knowledge in sexual and reproductive health during emergency status were found to be affected by gender, academic year, income level, maternal education, and awareness of reproductive and sexual health. It is recommended to conduct different research on the subject and develop the literature.

The Health Education on Adolescent Reproductive Health Through a Festival Competition for Indonesia's Independence Day Celebration

In 2030, Indonesia is projected to experience a 37% increase in the number of HIV-positive patients, marking an addition of approximately 13,576 cases over 11 years. East Java, particularly among the 25-49 age group, predominantly males, stands out with the highest HIV prevalence. Factors such as inadequate knowledge among adolescents about reproductive health, exposure to pornography, and parental disempowerment contribute to risky sexual behaviors. The Activity aims to enhance adolescent reproductive health awareness, reduce HIV/AIDS cases, and supports preventative efforts at SMPN 15 Surabaya, Kenjeran, Surabaya. The community service activities encompass smart quiz seminars, educational role-playing, and informational posters. A questionnaire with 15 questions serves as metric for the success of the outreach. To analyze the methods' outcomes and effectiveness Descriptive and inferential statistics are applied. The community service initiatives successfully garnered participation from 108 students out of a total of 900 at SMPN 15 Surabaya. The seminar quiz activity with ρ-value ≤ 0.05 significantly increased students' knowledge by 14%, while role-playing and poster competitions showed no significance. Hence the festival has positively contributed to students' knowledge enhancement, particularly through the smart quiz seminar.

Sexual reproductive health and rights awareness among members of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among the members of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) and identify what the JSOG should do to address SRHR issues. A survey questionnaire on JSOG members' awareness of SRHR and what the JSOG should address regarding SRHR was administered in 2019 and 2023. Changes in awareness and the issues that should be addressed from the first to the second survey were evaluated. Seven hundred twelve members responded to the first survey and 506 to the second. Response rates were 4.2% and 2.9%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the number of respondents in the second survey who were aware of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) compared with the first survey (SRH: 72.6%-86.4%; SDGs: 33.8%-86.4%). Most respondents agreed that SRHR should be promoted. In the first survey, cervical cancer was the most important issue, followed by women's right to self-determination and family planning/contraception. In the second survey, women's right to self-determination was the most important issue. Several free responses highlighted the importance of comprehensive sexuality education as a significant concern for SRHR. Between 2019 and 2023, the level of awareness of SRHR among JSOG members increased. The identification of SRHR issues that should be addressed by the JSOG was confirmed. The JSOG and individual obstetricians and gynecologists are responsible for being involved in achieving SRHR.

Correlation of serum anti-mullerian hormone and age-related health problems with ovarian function

The objectives of this paper were to analyse the correlation between serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and age-related health issues affecting ovarian function and explore the current opportunities for this novel technique. This article mainly focuses on reviewing the biological processes involved in the female reproductive system and the clinical basis of the development of technologies for female fertility. The Serum AntiMullerian Hormone (AMH) test is a valuable tool for the assessment of ovarian function. The AMH level of each individual sample is catalysed using a Roche Elecsys AMH analyzer and a chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLA), which measures the light emission of the serum complex at 450 nm. The results demonstrated a strong association between serum AMH levels and age, establishing its reliability in the prediction of the ovarian reserve as well as reproductive lifespan. However, age is not the sole determinant for fertility. Genetic factors, oocyte quality, uterine thickness and other environmental factors showed a potential linkage with ovarian syndromes, which indicates poor ovarian function. Market expansion, raising awareness of reproductive health, policy support, and technological advancements provide multiple channels for the promotion of AMH test technology. These findings can be used for business planning or studying age-related changes on the AMH test.

P-463 Transforming teen fertility awareness: the impact of a specialized health education initiative delivered by senior human reproduction nurses in high schools

Abstract Study question Can we enhance fertility awareness among young individuals through targeted health education? Summary answer The initiative, led by senior human reproduction nurses, demonstrated a remarkable increase of 23.78% in fertility knowledge among adolescents. What is known already Understanding factors impacting fertility is key to making informed reproductive decisions. However, a pervasive gap exists in evidence-based fertility knowledge within Western societies, underscoring the need for specialized health education. Young adults often overlook fertility considerations until they encounter challenges in conceiving. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that although fertility awareness is valued amongst young people, it can also lead to stress and anxiety. Therefore to foster early and impactful learning, introducing fertility education to high school curriculums is recommended. Study design, size, duration The reproductive health and fertility awareness initiative was conducted across five public high schools in Catalonia, Spain, during the 2022-2023 academic year. The training consisted of 45-minute presentations delivered by 2 senior human reproduction nurses and focused on modifiable factors influencing fertility. To assess the success of the initiative, we compared teenagers’ knowledge before and after the educational sessions. Participants/materials, setting, methods During the academic year, presentations reached 157 high school students. Assessment was carried out through the virtual platform “Kahoot”, employing 10 multiple-choice questions with 4 response options. The responses before and after the intervention were recorded and analyzed using a paired Fisher’s exact test. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Main results and the role of chance Prior to the initiative, the correct response rates to the fertility questions varied, with averages ranging from 47.6% and 73.8%. Following the fertility awareness presentation, when students were asked the same questions, there was a marked improvement in student performance. Average scores improved to 89.0%, 90.2%, 88.1%, 84.5%, and 89.5% across the respective schools. These improved scores were significant across all five high schools (p-values: 0.0074, 0.0229, 0.0221, 0.0006, 0.0163), emphasizing the effectiveness of the initiative in varying educational environments. The overall average of correct answers initially stood at 64.5%, and significantly increased to to 88.3% (p < 0,0001) post-intervention, reflecting a relative improvement of 23.8%. The consistent increase in knowledge across diverse student demographics suggests that the program’s content was well-received and comprehensible, contributing to its success. Limitations, reasons for caution The initiative only included participants from Catalonia, which may introduce regional biases, limiting broader applicability. Translating increased knowledge into sustained behavior change remains a challenge. A longer-term follow-up period would provide insights into the retention and application of fertility knowledge over time Wider implications of the findings The positive reception and rapid knowledge assimilation among students underscores the potential of targeted health education, extending empowerment beyond classrooms to influence their future reproductive health decisions. This initiative also lays groundwork for addressing potential disparities in fertility knowledge, which has implications for promoting equitable access to reproductive health information Trial registration number not applicable

O-068 Educating young people about reproductive health

Abstract Comprehensive sex and reproductive health education is crucial for promoting overall health and wellbeing, as it plays a vital role in dispelling misinformation, fostering positive attitudes toward reproductive health, and empowering informed decision-making among young people. Despite its recognised importance by global entities such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), comprehensive sex and reproductive health education remains insufficient worldwide. This inadequacy is a multifaceted issue, stemming from various factors, including governmental policies, social norms, cultural beliefs, inadequate curriculum, and insufficient teacher training. Schools, as primary providers of reproductive health education, often prioritise pregnancy prevention over other important reproductive health topics, leading to significant gaps in students' knowledge, further prompting young individuals to seek supplementary knowledge from external sources, like the internet or social media. To address this disparity and to promote reproductive health awareness, the International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC) was established in 2019 and aims to provide educational resources for the public, teachers and health professionals. The IRHEC have created a teaching guide specifically for teachers to cover all aspects of reproductive health, to be used in schools globally. To develop this resource, it has been essential to determine what is taught in schools and the attitudes of teenagers to reproductive health education and family building. In the UK, we examined the curriculum in the four nations and huge gaps were identified in reproductive health education. Subsequently, a survey was conducted with 931, 16–18-year-olds in England and pupils were asked their views on their education, if they had been taught about a list of reproductive health topics in school and their attitudes to these topics. They reported that topics around pregnancy prevention were taught, such as contraception (90%), and sexually transmitted infections (90%) but key subjects such as fertility (30%) endometriosis (3%) and PCOS (2%) were not taught. This survey has been repeated in Belgium, Greece and Japan and similar patterns observed. Teenagers in the UK (21%) and Belgium (18%) rated their school sex and reproductive health education to be either poor or very poor compared to teenagers in Japan (3%). In the UK, Belgium, and Japan, young people have similar future parenthood intentions. Most young people in the UK (64%), Japan (60%), and Belgium (60%) want to have children in the future. A higher percentage of young people in Japan (70%) expressed a desire for two children compared to those in Belgium (60%), Greece (53%) and the UK (49%). To ensure comprehensive sex and reproductive health education, efforts must be tailored to the needs of each community and demographic. Collaboration among policymakers, educators, healthcare professionals, and communities is essential to enhance school curricula to include a broader spectrum of reproductive health topics and promote culturally sensitive educational approaches. By doing this, we can empower young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate their reproductive health journey with confidence. There is an urgent need for a concerted action to bridge knowledge gaps and ensure that young people receive comprehensive sex and reproductive health education.

O-067 An update from the international reproductive health education collaboration

Abstract Most people want children, but many do not achieve their parenthood goals. Research shows that both men and women have limited knowledge about fertility and the factors that affect it. This includes poor knowledge about the impact of age, the most important determinant of the chance to conceive and have a healthy baby. As age at first birth is increasing in many countries, people increasingly seek assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment due to age-related infertility. To allow people to make informed decisions about if and when to have children and to avoid age-related infertility, they need evidence-based and accessible information about fertility. Fertility awareness is defined by the World Health Organisation as ‘the understanding of reproduction, fecundity, fecundability, and related individual risk factors (e.g. advanced age, sexual health factors such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity) and non-individual risk factors (e.g. environmental and workplace factors); including the awareness of societal and cultural factors affecting options to meet reproductive family planning, as well as family building needs’. In 2019, an international collective of reproductive health researchers and health professionals convened to promote fertility education for the public, teachers, and health professionals. Initially called the International Fertility Education Initiative (IFEI), in 2022 the group integrated into ESHRE. In 2023, the group rebranded as the International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC) (www.eshre.eu/IRHEC) to reflect a life course perspective that goes beyond childbearing and includes education about all aspects of reproductive health, from puberty to menopause. The mission statement of the IRHEC is ‘To increase reproductive health awareness using the life course approach, in order to improve reproductive health and facilitate decision-making in family planning among adolescents, people of reproductive age, primary healthcare, education professionals, and policymakers through development, evaluation and dissemination of inclusive educational resources.’ We aim for our website to be a repository for a range of reproductive health educational resources for the public, health and education professionals, and researchers. This includes some resources developed by the group. In this first IRHEC report to the ESHRE conference we will describe the committee structure, the processes for joining the IRHEC Network and for nominations and elections of committee members and introduce current IRHEC committee members. We will also provide updates on completed resources to be launched during 2024 and on current and potential future projects including: • An updated fertility education poster for young people. It is based on a poster developed in 2019 which has been redesigned in response to research conducted with young people in Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. The poster is available in many different languages on the IRHEC website. • Twelve information leaflets with more in depth information on various aspects of reproductive health which have been co-designed with young people. These are also available and free to download from our website. • After years of working with schools, and a public consultation last year, IRHEC has developed a resource to help teachers deliver reproductive health education to students. It is freely available to all teachers around the world and can be used in full or in part depending on teachers’ needs. • Preparations are underway to seek funding to evaluate the teachers’ resource. We plan to use qualitative research in the first instance to explore teachers’ views on the usefulness of the resource, what parts they would use, and whether the topics covered, and the level of detail are appropriate. • We are also examining how social media can be used to deliver reproductive health education. Through this work we want to empower everyone with evidence-based education on reproductive health.

The Impact of Teaching Aids in Learning of Women's Reproductive Organs For Blind Teenage Students At SLBN A Kota Bandung

This research explores the impact of puppet media as teaching aids in teaching the anatomy of female reproductive organs to blind children in class 9 at SMPLB N Pajajaran, Bandung. In the context of sexual education for children with special needs, understanding reproductive anatomy is crucial for self-protection against sexual abuse and sexually transmitted diseases. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines strategies, techniques, and methods in inclusive education to help blind children understand female reproductive anatomy. It considers their developmental needs and abilities in selecting suitable learning media. The research aims to benefit students, teachers, and schools by enhancing knowledge and skills related to reproductive health and offering new methods for teaching sexual education. Theoretically, it seeks to advance the development of effective learning tools for blind children. This research is urgent because it promotes awareness and protection of reproductive health among blind students, ensuring inclusive and equitable sexual education. It supports national education goals by addressing the special needs of each child, contributing to a smarter and more inclusive society.

The impacts of NGOs and SHGs on learning reproductive health information of Vietnamese women with physical disabilities

Researchers have drawn attention to people’s perceptions of reproductive health in Vietnam. Disabled people in Vietnam have been shown to have particularly low awareness and knowledge of reproductive health, in particular, women with disabilities have varied reproductive health knowledge because some of them have access to better reproductive health information than others. In this situation, non-government organizations (NGOs) and self-help groups (SHGs) contributed great value and provided a great resource for people with disabilities. This article explores the important roles of NGOs and SHGs, as they provide reproductive health information to people with disabilities. This article is concluded with some recommendations and directions for future research.

Sociodemographic and Medical Characteristics of Women Applied for Emergency Contraception-A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Lifestyle factors significantly impact overall health. Our aim was to assess reproductive health awareness among patients who applied for emergency contraceptive pills. Methods: This present retrospective observational study between July 2021 and September 2021 is embedded in the MEEC (Motivation and Epidemiology of Emergency Contraceptive Pill) based on the study cohort of a Hungarian data bank containing follow-up data of 447 women who applied for EC telemedicine consultation. Collected data: age, history of previous pregnancy, lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual characteristics: partner consistency and protection during intercourse, cervical cancer screening within the past 2 years, previous HPV screening, and the preference for future contraceptive methods. The investigation also compiled accurate data on intercourse (elapsed time to request a medical consultation). Lifestyle factors were scored. Results: The more health-conscious patients were quicker to report for a post-event pill. Earlier pregnancies and older age were associated with greater reproductive health awareness. Conclusions: Reproductive health awareness is increased by previous pregnancies and older age. More health-conscious women consult a doctor earlier, which can reduce the chance of various health damage. Our study emphasizes the significance of lifestyle factor influence on reproductive health decisions.

Preconception Health of Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: A Scoping Review.

There is increasing recognition of the importance of the preconception period for addressing reproductive and intergenerational health inequities and supporting improved maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to understand the extent and type of evidence that exists in relation to preconception health for Indigenous peoples living in high-income countries with similar experiences of colonisation, namely, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. This review was conducted as per the JBI methodology and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL [EBSCO], Ovid Embase, Scopus, and the Wiley Cochrane Library was conducted using keywords and index terms. We included research in English published between January 2010 and June 2023 on quantitative and qualitative primary studies. Data were extracted using a standardised tool, and the analysis included quantitative descriptions and qualitative content analysis. We identified 360 potential studies and included 57 articles in the review. Most studies were from the United States (n = 36, 63.2%) and Australia (n = 13, 22.8%), and they commonly reported associations between preconception health risk factors and maternal or child health outcomes (n = 27, 48.2%) or described the development, implementation, or evaluation of preconception health interventions (n = 26, 46.4%). Common preconception health areas were pre-pregnancy body mass index or weight (n = 34), alcohol (n = 16), diet (n = 14), physical activity (n = 12), and diabetes (n = 11). Most studies focused exclusively on women (n = 46, 80.7%), and very few included men (n = 3, 5.3%). The study populations were mostly urban and rural (n = 25, 43.9%) or rural only (n = 14, 24.6%); however, the geographical remoteness was often unclear (n = 14, 24.6%). While there was some research relating to the preconception health of Indigenous peoples, this review identified considerable research gaps. There is a need for dedicated research into preconception health risk factors and reproductive health outcomes, attitudes and awareness of preconception health, and preconception health interventions for Indigenous peoples.

Assessment of Reproductive Health Knowledge Among College Students in Northwestern India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Reproductive health knowledge is a critical aspect of overall well-being, particularly among college students who represent a demographic transitioning into adulthood. In northwestern India, where cultural nuances and societal perceptions play a significant role, understanding the factors influencing reproductive health knowledge becomes imperative. This cross-sectional studyexplores the interplay between demographic factors and awareness of reproductive health and infertility treatment among college students in northwestern India. Methods A diverse sample of 564 college students in northwestern India participated in the study, providing information on key demographic variables, including age, gender, marital status, degree, field of study, and college year. Statistical analysis, including the calculation of p-values, was employed to determine the significance of associations between these demographic factors and the participants' knowledge of reproductive health.Descriptive statistics, including percentages and numbers, were calculated to present a comprehensive overview of the data. To evaluate the significance of associations, chi-square tests were conducted for categorical variables such as age, gender, marital status, degree, field of study, and college year. The p-values were computed to determine the statistical significance of observed relationships, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results The study uncovered notable findings with implications for targeted interventions. Among age groups, participants aged 23-25 exhibited the highest knowledge percentage at 43.22% (51/564), and this association was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Gender disparities were evident, with females showing higher awareness (46.52% (127/564)) compared to males, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Marital status revealed significant differences (p = 0.0012), particularly in single individuals who demonstrated a knowledge percentage of 46.52% (127/564). Significant variations were observed based on the degree held, with doctorate holders having the highest awareness at 49.15% (58/564) (p = 0.01). Field of study significantly influenced knowledge (p = 0.0001), particularly in medical and engineering disciplines. College year also exhibited significance (p = 0.003), with the first-year students demonstrating a knowledge percentage of 42.20% (73/564). Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of tailored educational interventions and targeted awareness campaigns. Recognizing the influence of demographic factors on reproductive health knowledge is crucial for developing effective strategies that address the specific needs of college students in northwestern India, promoting a more informed approach to reproductive health and infertility treatment.

An Analysis of Difficulty Level and Discrimination Indices of Items of Questionnaires on Reproductive Health Awareness of Adolescents

The study aims to analyze the difficulty level and discrimination index of the items on the questionnaires designed and developed to ascertain the awareness of adolescents about reproductive health. This pilot study was conducted to select the items in the research tools comprising preliminary drafts of two questionnaires having multiple-choice questions on reproductive health. The data was collected through purposive sampling, a total of 109 students of class eight from three private unaided CBSE affiliated schools from Sonipat district of Haryana participated in the study. The data was analyzed for difficulty level and discrimination index of each item on both the tools. The findings of the study led to the selection of the items in the final version of each tool. Those items which did not satisfy the criteria for difficulty level and discrimination index were discarded from the final version of the tool.

Factors Associated with Adequate Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women in Rural Indonesia

Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for the health of both mother and child. However, information on ANC in rural Indonesia is limited despite its essential role. This research examined the determinants of adequate antenatal care among rural Indonesian pregnant women. A cross-sectional study analysed pregnant Indonesian women aged 18-49, focusing on adequate antenatal care (ANC) during the third trimester. The study included sociodemographic variables and component factors (knowledge, motivation, social support, and health services). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. A total number of 350 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old enrolled in this study. Almost half (47.1) % of women received adequate ANC (≥ eight visits) during their pregnancy, and about 79.1% of participants had adequate ANC (4 or more visits). Mothers with higher education and married were more likely to have adequate ANC (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI [1.12–3.46]) and (AOR = 1.17; 95% CI [1.01–3.32]), respectively. Poor knowledge toward ANC (AOR = 0.41; 95% CI [0.12–0.65], low motivation (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI [0.31–0.97]), poor health service (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI [1.85–4.32]), and poor social support (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI [2.11–5.34]) was negatively associated with adequate ANC. The intervention aims to improve access to maternity care for women in rural Indonesia by enhancing social support, reproductive health awareness, and expanding safety net services

Women's Awareness of Reproductive Health.

Background and Objectives: reproductive disorders are a serious global concern in medical, social, and demographic contexts. According to estimates, approximately 10-15% of couples around the world suffer from infertility. Numerous studies have shown that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as a high-fat diet, a postponed decision to start a family, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, risky sexual behavior, psychiatric diseases, and chronic stress, have a negative influence on the fertility of women. The main goal of this study is to assess the knowledge of women about reproductive health, infertility risk factors, and causes of infertility and to determine whether the level of this knowledge varies based on sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: a survey was conducted among 111 patients who anonymously filled in a questionnaire comprising questions regarding fertility and its deficiencies. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's test. Results: the survey results indicated that women had a good or very good level of knowledge of the causes of infertility. The obtained test results were statistically significant (p < 0.05), but the studied group did not possess sufficient knowledge of the symptoms characterizing the diseases related to limited fertility (p > 0.05). The level of knowledge on the diagnosis of infertility did not depend on the age of the examined people, their educational level, or personal experience in this field (p > 0.05). The results also revealed that the awareness of women on reproductive health was poor. The studied women had a low level of knowledge of infertility risk factors, and their knowledge did not correlate with age, educational level, or personal experiences. Conclusions: information on the aspects of reproductive health should be widely disseminated through public educational campaigns, aimed at correcting erroneous convictions among women about the risk factors for infertility and assisting them in improving fertility.

Expert Perspectives on Reproductive Health Awareness, Comprehensive Analysis of Reproductive Health Components Among Women in Diverse Employment Settings in Georgia

Expert Perspectives on Reproductive Health Awareness, Comprehensive Analysis of Reproductive Health Components Among Women in Diverse Employment Settings in Georgia

Factors Associated With Reproductive Health Knowledge Among Vocational School Students In Padang

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2022 reported that 35.3 persen of women and 31.2 persen of men aged 15-19 have limited or no awareness of reproductive health. The rise of vocational students who are often caught in raids with several cases including sexual deviations is a fatal impact of the lack of reproductive health knowledge on adolescence. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors associated with reproductive health knowledge among vocational students in Padang City. A cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted in July-September 2023 among 538 students at SMK in Padang, with a sample of 85 people selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through a questionnaire with an interview method, and univariate and bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The study found a significant relationship between parental role (p equal to 0.037), peer influence (p equal to 0.018), and media influence (p equal to 0.018) with reproductive health knowledge in vocational students. It is recommended that students seek information from trusted sources related to reproductive health, to ensure accurate and useful understanding.

Reproductive health awareness among female university students at Saudi Arabia

Background: Reproductive health is a major part of a woman’s life to ensure a healthy life for both mothers and their babies. However, most women do not have the proper knowledge and awareness of that subject. Objectives were to assess the awareness of reproductive health among Saudi female university students and to determine the factors associated with the level of awareness. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 347 participants, using multi-stage stratified sampling. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge level of the five-major component of reproductive health. Results: The results revealed an average level of knowledge about reproductive health (49.4%) among the college students. There was a significant association between having children, mother’s working status, and father educational level, family income and participant reproductive health knowledge (p=0.02, 0.005 and 0.02) respectively. Although 77.1% of the participants had good knowledge of menstrual health and hygiene, they showed misconceptions. The knowledge about family planning, prenatal and antenatal were high 66.6% and 53.9%. The level of knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases was 58% high among students and only 40% have heard of HIV/AIDS but other diseases were less recognized. Conclusions: The knowledge of reproductive health is considered poor. Father’s education level and family income were associated with the level of a student’s knowledge. Educational session about RH is needed among students with focus on menstrual health and hygiene, antenatal care, family planning, breastfeeding, and sexually transmitted diseases.